chapter 13 sociology

Which of the following types of rights are associated with being a citizen?

civil rights political rights social rights

Identify each of the following rights as either a civil, political, or social right.

civil rights: - the rights to own property - the rights to equal justice political right -the right to run for public office social right - the right to earn minimum wage

According to Karl Marx, social movements arise in response to -, which is brought about by a fundamental - in society.

class struggle, contradiction

Why did most developing nations go through a different process of nation formation than countries in the developed world?

colonial powers imposed physical boundaries and state apparatuses on the countries they colonized

The 2016 election was the first presidential election in which presidential campaigns used websites and other Internet-based technologies to persuade voters. One effective strategy was "twitterstorms", which delivered quick, provocative, even outrageous messages. Internet-based "fake news" has influenced elections since 1996, but in 2016, the effect was more intense. "Fake news" stemmed from individuals, U.S. groups, and Russia, and had widespread influence on people's knowledge of events.

-"Fake news" stemmed from individuals, U.S. groups, and Russia, -One effective strategy was "twitterstorms"

What roles do nation-states still play, even in the current era of globalization?

-Nation-states form alliances with one another. -Nation-states enforce laws. -Nation-states wage wars.

According to Charles Tilly's analysis of revolutionary social change, identify each scenario as an example of collective action, or not.

-On Jan. 21, 2017, hundreds of thousands of protesters gathered in Washington D.C. for the Women's March. -In the nineteenth century, the peasantry overthrew the monarchy in France.

Which of the following statements about the Tea Party are accurate?

-The Tea Party advocates for a smaller role of government in the economy. -The Tea Party is not actually a political party; it is a well-organized social movement

According to Max Weber, what conditions must be met in order for a democratic government to be effective?

-There must be different political parties that represent different interests. -There must be political leaders who can rise above governmental bureaucracy.

What are the primary characteristics of a liberal democracy?

-Voters choose among representatives of a small number of political parties. -The majority of adults in a liberal democracy have a right to vote.

Which of the following are expressions of nationalism?

-fans singing "The Star Spangled Banner" at a sporting event -belief in the possibilities of the American Dream

What resources does the theory of structural strain suggest are important for organizing and sustaining a social movement?

-funding -leadership -regular communication

Identify whether the following groups have higher or lower voter turnout.

-more highly educated (compared to less highly educated individuals) -high-income (compared to low-income individuals)

Match each theory of modern democracy to the statement that best describes it.

-power elite: A small and unrepresentative group of leaders hold enormous sway over governmental policy -pluralist theories:Interest groups compete among themselves to have power over decision making, providing a balance of power within democracies. -democratic elitism:Democratic governments rely on the expertise of bureaucrats, which are balanced by strong political leaders elected by a free citizenry.

Identify the statements as characteristic of populist authoritarianism, or not.

-strong nationalism that is anti-immigrant and anti-globalization -assertive leadership that values security over civil liberties

According to Neil Smelser's theory of structural strain, place the first four stages of a social movement in chronological order from first to last.

1. structural conduciveness 2. structural strain 3. generalized beliefs 4. precipitating factors

Using the Globalization by the Numbers infographic, place the following countries in order from lowest to highest voter turnout.

1. us 2. Mexico 3. turkey 4. rwanda

In which scenario is a social movement most likely to occur, according to James Davies's theory of how relative deprivation motivates social action?

a country in which citizens have limited civil rights, but recent gains have been made in the right to free speech

What is a welfare state?

a state in which the government provides certain material, or economic, benefits for its citizens

How is party voting associated with income in the United States?

as income increases, voters are more likely to vote for republican

Governments exercise -, a form of - legitimized by a belief system that justifies its use. Those who are subject to a government's rule voluntarily - to it.

authority, power, consent

Place each lobbying group on the bars in the graph that represent the type of lobbyist it is (business, labor, ideological, or other).

business: national association of realtors labor: international brotherhood ideological: national rifle other: university of Wisconsin

What effect did the Supreme Court decision in the Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission have on elections in the United States?

corporation and unions now have a greater voice in election than in the past

U.S. politics is dominated by two major parties. Match the group of voters to the candidate favored by the group.

democratic: black and hispanic voter & younger voter republican: voters from small towns and rural areas & older voters

What is one political implication of the prediction that the United States will be a majority-minority country by 2044, at which point non-Hispanic whites will comprise less than half (47 percent) of the population?

democrats will have an electoral advantage over republicans

One benefit of the Internet is that it has minimized the importance of socioeconomic differences between people within the United States and abroad; everyone has access to the Internet, and therefore can take part in online activities.

false

What distinguishes the fields-of-action theory of social movements from the other theories of social movements in the textbook?

field of action theory draws more attention to the interaction between a social movement and other organizations, movement, and prior history

- are organizations that - elected officials to support the aims of each organization.

interest groups, lobby

What must occur for a social movement to become a revolution?

it must overthrow the government in charge

On the graph, select the bars that represent the U.S. military budget and the Russian military budget.

left to right 1 & 3 bar

Identify each example as a conventional social movement, or a new social movement.

new -the Black Lives Matter movement. -the environmental movement

Identify the following as describing either a participatory democracy or a direct democracy.

participatory -The people regularly assemble to make decisions about proposed policies. -This system is ideal for a relatively small number of people. direct -Voters participate in decision making by voting for or against proposed policies, without meeting face-to-face with other voters. -This system is ideal for a relatively larger number of voters, or those scattered over a large region.

A democracy is a - in which the - -.

political system, people, rule

According to the textbook, identify the reasons why Americans are less likely to vote than citizens in many other countries.

reason: -Americans have the opportunity to vote more often and for more positions. -The registration process is more complex in the United States than in other countries. -The winner-take-all system discourages third parties that would give voters more viable choices.

In places such as Chad, Somalia, and Sudan, the central government has lost authority over large parts of its national territory and resorts to force in an effort to retain at least some degree of power. Which term best describes what failed states such as these have lost?

sovereignty

Which of the following examples best supports a pluralist theory of democracy, as opposed to the theories of democratic elitism and the power elite?

state and national laws have been passes in response to efforts made by the group Mothers against drunk driving (MADD), with input form auto industry representatives and privacy advocates.

What is the role of interest groups, according to pluralist theories of modern democracy?

they limit the centralization of power

A failed state is a state in which the government no longer has sovereignty over its people.

true