Chapter 13 Study Questions

Neurotransmitters are found in: the cell bodies of neurons. the dendrites. the axon hillock. the synaptic knob. the postsynaptic plasma membrane.

the synaptic knob.

Nerves that directly control the motility of the stomach or rate of the heartbeat would belong to: the central nervous system. the somatic sensory division. the somatic motor division. the visceral motor division. the visceral sensory division.

the visceral motor division.

Interneurons occur in the brain and spinal cord of the CNS and in ganglia of the PNS. True False

False

Which glial cells convert glucose to lactate and contribute to the nourishment of neurons? Oligodendrocytes Astrocytes Microglia Ependymal cells Schwann cells

Astrocytes

____ division carries signals to the smooth muscle in the large intestine. Visceral sensory Somatic sensory Visceral motor Somatic motor Afferent

Visceral motor

The glial cells that guide migrating neurons in the developing fetal brain are: astrocytes. oligodendrocytes. satellite cells. ependymal cells. microglia.

astrocytes

The myelin sheath is formed by fibers. cells. macromolecules. polymers. organelles.

cells

The ____ _____ _____ consists of the brain and spinal cord.

central nervous system

The soma of a mature neuron lacks: a nucleus. endoplasmic reticulum. lipofuscin. centrioles. ribosomes.

centrioles

Neurons receive incoming signals by way of specialized processes called _____.

dendrites

Parkinson disease is a progressive loss of motor function due to the degeneration of specific neurons. These neurons secrete an inhibitory neurotransmitter that prevents excessive activity in motor centers of the brain. This neurotransmitter is serotonin. dopamine. acetylcholine. GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid). glutamate (glutamic acid).

dopamine

Neurons arise from embryonic endoderm. epidermis. mesoderm. mesenchyme. ectoderm.

ectoderm

_____ cells produce cerebrospinal fluid and line the ventricles of the brain.

ependymal

The glial cells that destroy microorganisms in the CNS are: microglia. satellite cells. ependymal cells. oligodendrocytes. astrocytes.

microglia

All of the nervous system except the brain and spinal cord is called the _____.

peripheral nervous system

The Nissl bodies of a neuron consist of synaptic vesicles. neurotransmitters. lipofuscin. rough endoplasmic reticulum. cytoskeleton.

rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Which part of the nervous system would control the movement of your hand as you take notes during an anatomy lecture? Parasympathetic division Sympathetic division Somatic sensory division Somatic motor division Peripheral nervous system

somatic motor division

The ___ division tends to prepare the body for action. sensory afferent motor afferent somatic motor parasympathetic sympathetic

sympathetic

Lateral outgrowths of the ______ develop into the cerebral hemispheres. diencephalon mesencephalon metencephalon neural tube telencephalon

telencephalon

The trigger zone of a neuron includes: the dendrites. the synaptic knobs. each node of Ranvier. each internode. the axon hillock.

the axon hillock.

select all that are universal properties of neurons. Excitability Conductivity Irritability Secretion

All

The embryo brain tissue is derived from which of the three primary germ layers? Endoderm Mesoderm Ectoderm Neuroderm

Ectoderm

As axon diameter increases, the conduction speed of an action potential decreases. True False

False

Interneurons connect sense organs to the CNS. True False

False

Unipolar neurons cannot produce action potentials because they have no axon. True False

False

___ are examples of effectors of the nervous system. Receptors Stimuli Reflexes Glands Sense organs

Glands

Select all that are true regarding the nervous system. It is an organ system dedicated to control and coordination of body cells. It communicates via hormones. Sensory nerve endings transmit messages to the spinal cord and brain. Its major subdivisions are the CNS and PNS.

It communicates via hormones. Sensory nerve endings transmit messages to the spinal cord and brain. Its major subdivisions are the CNS and PNS.

What substance accumulates in "wear and tear" granules and is the end product of lysomal digestion of organelles? Myelin Acetylcholine Glycogen granules Neurofibrin Lipofuscin

Lipofuscin

___ neurons are the most common type of neurons. Multipolar Bipolar Unipolar Anaxonic Dendritic

Multipolar

Which of the following appears earlier than all the rest in prenatal development of the nervous system? Neural groove Primary vesicles Neural plate Neural crest Neural tube

Neural plate

The _____ and _____ are necessary for regeneration of damaged nerve fibers in the peripheral nervous system.

Neurilemma, endoneurium

In the central nervous system, cells called _____ perform one of the same functions that Schwann cells do in the peripheral nervous system.

Oligodendrocytes

Which cells form the myelin sheath in the CNS? Microglia Ependymal cells Schwann cells Astrocytes Oligodendrocytes Previous attempt

Oligodendrocytes

___ form myelin in the spinal cord. Schwann cells Astrocytes Satellite cells Oligodendrocytes Microglia

Oligodendrocytes

The primary vesicle of the forebrain will further develop into which two secondary vesicles? Mesencephalon and telencephalon Telencephalon and diencephalon Rhombencephalon and metencephalon Myelencephalon and mesencephalon

Telencephalon and diencephalon

Which of the following is NOT true? Interneurons are only found in the CNS. The CNS consists of the brain, cranial nerves, and spinal cord. The visceral motor division is further divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. Oligodendrocytes are found only in the CNS. Satellite cells are found only in the PNS.

The CNS consists of the brain, cranial nerves, and spinal cord.

There are more glial cells than neurons in the nervous system. True False

True

Adult neurons are incapable of mitosis. True False

True

Dendrites never contain synaptic vesicles. True False

True

Most neurons have more dendrites than axons. True False

True

Nerve signals travel faster in myelinated nerve fibers than in unmyelinated ones. True False

True

The myelin sheath covers the neurilemma of a nerve fiber. True False

True

A friend of yours suffers a blow to the forehead and loses sensation in her scalp due to crushing of peripheral nerves. Is there a possibility she will regain sensation in the area? Yes, because the damaged neurons may regenerate through the process of mitosis. No, because damaged neurons have very limited potential for mitosis. No, because peripheral nerves lack an endoneurium and a neurilemma. Yes, because damaged peripheral axons may regenerate due to presence of a neurilemma and an endoneurium. Yes, because satellite cells undergo mitosis and produce growth factors that enable damaged axons to regenerate.

Yes, because damaged peripheral axons may regenerate due to presence of a neurilemma and an endoneurium.

Neurons that convey information to the CNS are called sensory, or _____, neurons.

afferent

Prenatal degeneration of the forebrain results in a birth defect called _____.

anencephaly

About 90% of the neurons in the nervous system are ___ neurons. sensory motor afferent efferent association

association

Three anterior swellings of the neural tube that appear during the fourth week of development are the _____, _____, and _____.

forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain

In the peripheral nervous system, the somas of the neurons are concentrated in enlarged, knotlike structures called _____ connected to the nerves.

ganglia

One role of the astrocytes is to circulate the cerebrospinal fluid. produce cerebrospinal fluid. phagocytize tissue debris. help form the blood-brain barrier. form myelin in the CNS.

help form the blood-brain barrier.

Neurons within the CNS that receive, process, store, and retrieve information are ____.

interneurons

The integrative functions of the nervous system are performed mainly by afferent neurons. efferent neurons. neuroglia. sensory neurons. interneurons.

interneurons

Conduction speed of a nerve fiber would be the fastest in a large myelinated fiber. small myelinated fiber. large unmyelinated fiber. small unmyelinated fiber. small fiber with multiple Schwann cells.

large myelinated fiber.

another name for the axon of a neuron is: nerve fiber. neurofibril. neurilemma. axoplasm. endoneurium.

nerve fiber.

Nerves are ___ of the nervous system. organs tissues organ systems organelles cells

organs

The autonomic nervous system is also called the visceral sensory division. somatic sensory division. visceral motor division. somatic motor division. central nervous system.

visceral motor division.