Chapter 13 Study Questions
Neurotransmitters are found in: the cell bodies of neurons. the dendrites. the axon hillock. the synaptic knob. the postsynaptic plasma membrane.
the synaptic knob.
Nerves that directly control the motility of the stomach or rate of the heartbeat would belong to: the central nervous system. the somatic sensory division. the somatic motor division. the visceral motor division. the visceral sensory division.
the visceral motor division.
Interneurons occur in the brain and spinal cord of the CNS and in ganglia of the PNS. True False
False
Which glial cells convert glucose to lactate and contribute to the nourishment of neurons? Oligodendrocytes Astrocytes Microglia Ependymal cells Schwann cells
Astrocytes
____ division carries signals to the smooth muscle in the large intestine. Visceral sensory Somatic sensory Visceral motor Somatic motor Afferent
Visceral motor
The glial cells that guide migrating neurons in the developing fetal brain are: astrocytes. oligodendrocytes. satellite cells. ependymal cells. microglia.
astrocytes
The myelin sheath is formed by fibers. cells. macromolecules. polymers. organelles.
cells
The ____ _____ _____ consists of the brain and spinal cord.
central nervous system
The soma of a mature neuron lacks: a nucleus. endoplasmic reticulum. lipofuscin. centrioles. ribosomes.
centrioles
Neurons receive incoming signals by way of specialized processes called _____.
dendrites
Parkinson disease is a progressive loss of motor function due to the degeneration of specific neurons. These neurons secrete an inhibitory neurotransmitter that prevents excessive activity in motor centers of the brain. This neurotransmitter is serotonin. dopamine. acetylcholine. GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid). glutamate (glutamic acid).
dopamine
Neurons arise from embryonic endoderm. epidermis. mesoderm. mesenchyme. ectoderm.
ectoderm
_____ cells produce cerebrospinal fluid and line the ventricles of the brain.
ependymal
The glial cells that destroy microorganisms in the CNS are: microglia. satellite cells. ependymal cells. oligodendrocytes. astrocytes.
microglia
All of the nervous system except the brain and spinal cord is called the _____.
peripheral nervous system
The Nissl bodies of a neuron consist of synaptic vesicles. neurotransmitters. lipofuscin. rough endoplasmic reticulum. cytoskeleton.
rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Which part of the nervous system would control the movement of your hand as you take notes during an anatomy lecture? Parasympathetic division Sympathetic division Somatic sensory division Somatic motor division Peripheral nervous system
somatic motor division
The ___ division tends to prepare the body for action. sensory afferent motor afferent somatic motor parasympathetic sympathetic
sympathetic
Lateral outgrowths of the ______ develop into the cerebral hemispheres. diencephalon mesencephalon metencephalon neural tube telencephalon
telencephalon
The trigger zone of a neuron includes: the dendrites. the synaptic knobs. each node of Ranvier. each internode. the axon hillock.
the axon hillock.
select all that are universal properties of neurons. Excitability Conductivity Irritability Secretion
All
The embryo brain tissue is derived from which of the three primary germ layers? Endoderm Mesoderm Ectoderm Neuroderm
Ectoderm
As axon diameter increases, the conduction speed of an action potential decreases. True False
False
Interneurons connect sense organs to the CNS. True False
False
Unipolar neurons cannot produce action potentials because they have no axon. True False
False
___ are examples of effectors of the nervous system. Receptors Stimuli Reflexes Glands Sense organs
Glands
Select all that are true regarding the nervous system. It is an organ system dedicated to control and coordination of body cells. It communicates via hormones. Sensory nerve endings transmit messages to the spinal cord and brain. Its major subdivisions are the CNS and PNS.
It communicates via hormones. Sensory nerve endings transmit messages to the spinal cord and brain. Its major subdivisions are the CNS and PNS.
What substance accumulates in "wear and tear" granules and is the end product of lysomal digestion of organelles? Myelin Acetylcholine Glycogen granules Neurofibrin Lipofuscin
Lipofuscin
___ neurons are the most common type of neurons. Multipolar Bipolar Unipolar Anaxonic Dendritic
Multipolar
Which of the following appears earlier than all the rest in prenatal development of the nervous system? Neural groove Primary vesicles Neural plate Neural crest Neural tube
Neural plate
The _____ and _____ are necessary for regeneration of damaged nerve fibers in the peripheral nervous system.
Neurilemma, endoneurium
In the central nervous system, cells called _____ perform one of the same functions that Schwann cells do in the peripheral nervous system.
Oligodendrocytes
Which cells form the myelin sheath in the CNS? Microglia Ependymal cells Schwann cells Astrocytes Oligodendrocytes Previous attempt
Oligodendrocytes
___ form myelin in the spinal cord. Schwann cells Astrocytes Satellite cells Oligodendrocytes Microglia
Oligodendrocytes
The primary vesicle of the forebrain will further develop into which two secondary vesicles? Mesencephalon and telencephalon Telencephalon and diencephalon Rhombencephalon and metencephalon Myelencephalon and mesencephalon
Telencephalon and diencephalon
Which of the following is NOT true? Interneurons are only found in the CNS. The CNS consists of the brain, cranial nerves, and spinal cord. The visceral motor division is further divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. Oligodendrocytes are found only in the CNS. Satellite cells are found only in the PNS.
The CNS consists of the brain, cranial nerves, and spinal cord.
There are more glial cells than neurons in the nervous system. True False
True
Adult neurons are incapable of mitosis. True False
True
Dendrites never contain synaptic vesicles. True False
True
Most neurons have more dendrites than axons. True False
True
Nerve signals travel faster in myelinated nerve fibers than in unmyelinated ones. True False
True
The myelin sheath covers the neurilemma of a nerve fiber. True False
True
A friend of yours suffers a blow to the forehead and loses sensation in her scalp due to crushing of peripheral nerves. Is there a possibility she will regain sensation in the area? Yes, because the damaged neurons may regenerate through the process of mitosis. No, because damaged neurons have very limited potential for mitosis. No, because peripheral nerves lack an endoneurium and a neurilemma. Yes, because damaged peripheral axons may regenerate due to presence of a neurilemma and an endoneurium. Yes, because satellite cells undergo mitosis and produce growth factors that enable damaged axons to regenerate.
Yes, because damaged peripheral axons may regenerate due to presence of a neurilemma and an endoneurium.
Neurons that convey information to the CNS are called sensory, or _____, neurons.
afferent
Prenatal degeneration of the forebrain results in a birth defect called _____.
anencephaly
About 90% of the neurons in the nervous system are ___ neurons. sensory motor afferent efferent association
association
Three anterior swellings of the neural tube that appear during the fourth week of development are the _____, _____, and _____.
forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain
In the peripheral nervous system, the somas of the neurons are concentrated in enlarged, knotlike structures called _____ connected to the nerves.
ganglia
One role of the astrocytes is to circulate the cerebrospinal fluid. produce cerebrospinal fluid. phagocytize tissue debris. help form the blood-brain barrier. form myelin in the CNS.
help form the blood-brain barrier.
Neurons within the CNS that receive, process, store, and retrieve information are ____.
interneurons
The integrative functions of the nervous system are performed mainly by afferent neurons. efferent neurons. neuroglia. sensory neurons. interneurons.
interneurons
Conduction speed of a nerve fiber would be the fastest in a large myelinated fiber. small myelinated fiber. large unmyelinated fiber. small unmyelinated fiber. small fiber with multiple Schwann cells.
large myelinated fiber.
another name for the axon of a neuron is: nerve fiber. neurofibril. neurilemma. axoplasm. endoneurium.
nerve fiber.
Nerves are ___ of the nervous system. organs tissues organ systems organelles cells
organs
The autonomic nervous system is also called the visceral sensory division. somatic sensory division. visceral motor division. somatic motor division. central nervous system.
visceral motor division.