chapter 13&14 smartbook

According to Erikson, when adults work to leave a legacy of themselves to the next generation, they are working toward:

generativity

Which factors play a role in the rate of aging in middle age?

genetic makeup lifestyle factors

In midlife, sensitivity to ______ pitches usually declines first.

high

Events such as the death of a parent, becoming a grandparent, and having one's last child leave the home are

more likely to occur in late midlife than in earlier midlife.

Late midlife is defined as the age period between

55-65 years

The term ______ is used to describe the midlife transition in which fertility declines.

climacteric

Many middle-aged adults experience decreases in the visual fields, creating a problem seeing objects that are

close

As compared to cross-sectional findings about cognition in middle age, longitudinal studies find

many cognitive skills peak in middle age.

In a recent study, undergraduate college students were shown a computer-generated graphic of different people and asked who they would choose for a work-related task. The students most often selected the

middle aged adult

Research on practical problem solving in young versus middle adulthood

mixed results

Based on Willis and Schaie's analysis of individual variations in cognitive trajectories, which statement regarding the association between cognitive functioning in midlife and later functioning in old age is true?

Declines in memory, word fluency, and perceptual speed in midlife were associated with cognitive impairment in older adulthood.

Which statements regarding health and disease in middle adulthood are true?

In middle adulthood, individuals are less susceptible to allergies than in childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood. Frequency of accidents declines in middle adulthood compared to early adulthood and adolescence. In middle adulthood, individuals are less susceptible to colds than in childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood.

Which of the following statements are true regarding the mortality rates of people in middle adulthood?

Infectious disease was the main cause of death until the middle of the twentieth century. Chronic diseases are the main cause of death for individuals in middle adulthood. In middle age, many deaths are caused by a single, readily identifiable condition.

Which statement is false regarding work in midlife?

It is not a central part of midlife.

As compared to early midlife, which of the following is more likely to characterize late midlife?

Losses begin to outnumber gains.

Which of the following statements regarding sexual behavior in middle adulthood are true?

Sexual activity usually occurs less frequently than in early adulthood. There is little biological decline in the ability to function sexually in middle age.

Which statement about the rate of physical changes in middle adulthood is FALSE?

The rate of physical changes is fairly similar for all adults.

Which of the following describe vision changes in middle age?

The retina becomes less sensitive to low light. The visual field size decreases.

Which of the following refers to the ability of the eye to maintain an image on the retina?

accommodation

The leading chronic disorder in middle age is

arthritis.

Timothy Salthouse disagrees with Schaie's findings and argues that cross-sectional research shows reasoning, memory, spatial visualization, and processing speed

begin declining in early adulthood and further decline in the fifties.

The number one cause of death in middle age is

cancer

In a recent large-scale study, fluid intelligence declined in individuals 65 years of age and older but not in those who were 45 to 60 years old. This finding

contradicts Horn's assertion that fluid intelligence declines in middle adulthood.

As compared to Vaillant, Levinson views midlife as a

crisis

For women over 40, which of the following is a key determinant as to whether they engage in sexual activity?

if they live with a spouse

Sexual functioning in middle age is LEAST influenced by which of the following?

intelligence

The most visible signs of aging in middle adulthood involve

physical changes

In order to solve problems in their domain, experts are more likely than novices to use strategies that include all of the following, except

relying exclusively on recent experiences.

Which of the following factors can help buffer declines in physical health and cognitive functioning in middle age?

social support a sense of control physical exercise and sleep emotion regulation

Which of the following are memory strategies that can be used to help combat memory decline?

imagery organization

Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) has been found to do which of the following according to research?

improve muscle strength improve bone health

According to Horn, crystallized intelligence______ in middle adulthood and fluid intelligence:

increases; decreases

What are the most common sexual problems cited by women in middle to late adulthood?

insufficient lubrication lack of interest

The ability of men and women to function sexually shows ______ biological decline in middle adulthood.

little

Whereas Schaie emphasizes _______ studies about age-related changes in cognitive functioning, researchers like Timothy Salthouse argue that it is important to heed _______ studies that illustrate earlier decline.

longitudinal; cross-sectional

When assessing individual variations in intellectual functioning, Schaie identified which three groups?

stable, gainers, delciners

In the latter part of middle age,______ memory capacity becomes more limited.

working

A consistent finding is that as adults become older their age identity, or self-perception of age, is ______ their chronological age.

younger than