chapter 13&14 smartbook
According to Erikson, when adults work to leave a legacy of themselves to the next generation, they are working toward:
generativity
Which factors play a role in the rate of aging in middle age?
genetic makeup lifestyle factors
In midlife, sensitivity to ______ pitches usually declines first.
high
Events such as the death of a parent, becoming a grandparent, and having one's last child leave the home are
more likely to occur in late midlife than in earlier midlife.
Late midlife is defined as the age period between
55-65 years
The term ______ is used to describe the midlife transition in which fertility declines.
climacteric
Many middle-aged adults experience decreases in the visual fields, creating a problem seeing objects that are
close
As compared to cross-sectional findings about cognition in middle age, longitudinal studies find
many cognitive skills peak in middle age.
In a recent study, undergraduate college students were shown a computer-generated graphic of different people and asked who they would choose for a work-related task. The students most often selected the
middle aged adult
Research on practical problem solving in young versus middle adulthood
mixed results
Based on Willis and Schaie's analysis of individual variations in cognitive trajectories, which statement regarding the association between cognitive functioning in midlife and later functioning in old age is true?
Declines in memory, word fluency, and perceptual speed in midlife were associated with cognitive impairment in older adulthood.
Which statements regarding health and disease in middle adulthood are true?
In middle adulthood, individuals are less susceptible to allergies than in childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood. Frequency of accidents declines in middle adulthood compared to early adulthood and adolescence. In middle adulthood, individuals are less susceptible to colds than in childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood.
Which of the following statements are true regarding the mortality rates of people in middle adulthood?
Infectious disease was the main cause of death until the middle of the twentieth century. Chronic diseases are the main cause of death for individuals in middle adulthood. In middle age, many deaths are caused by a single, readily identifiable condition.
Which statement is false regarding work in midlife?
It is not a central part of midlife.
As compared to early midlife, which of the following is more likely to characterize late midlife?
Losses begin to outnumber gains.
Which of the following statements regarding sexual behavior in middle adulthood are true?
Sexual activity usually occurs less frequently than in early adulthood. There is little biological decline in the ability to function sexually in middle age.
Which statement about the rate of physical changes in middle adulthood is FALSE?
The rate of physical changes is fairly similar for all adults.
Which of the following describe vision changes in middle age?
The retina becomes less sensitive to low light. The visual field size decreases.
Which of the following refers to the ability of the eye to maintain an image on the retina?
accommodation
The leading chronic disorder in middle age is
arthritis.
Timothy Salthouse disagrees with Schaie's findings and argues that cross-sectional research shows reasoning, memory, spatial visualization, and processing speed
begin declining in early adulthood and further decline in the fifties.
The number one cause of death in middle age is
cancer
In a recent large-scale study, fluid intelligence declined in individuals 65 years of age and older but not in those who were 45 to 60 years old. This finding
contradicts Horn's assertion that fluid intelligence declines in middle adulthood.
As compared to Vaillant, Levinson views midlife as a
crisis
For women over 40, which of the following is a key determinant as to whether they engage in sexual activity?
if they live with a spouse
Sexual functioning in middle age is LEAST influenced by which of the following?
intelligence
The most visible signs of aging in middle adulthood involve
physical changes
In order to solve problems in their domain, experts are more likely than novices to use strategies that include all of the following, except
relying exclusively on recent experiences.
Which of the following factors can help buffer declines in physical health and cognitive functioning in middle age?
social support a sense of control physical exercise and sleep emotion regulation
Which of the following are memory strategies that can be used to help combat memory decline?
imagery organization
Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) has been found to do which of the following according to research?
improve muscle strength improve bone health
According to Horn, crystallized intelligence______ in middle adulthood and fluid intelligence:
increases; decreases
What are the most common sexual problems cited by women in middle to late adulthood?
insufficient lubrication lack of interest
The ability of men and women to function sexually shows ______ biological decline in middle adulthood.
little
Whereas Schaie emphasizes _______ studies about age-related changes in cognitive functioning, researchers like Timothy Salthouse argue that it is important to heed _______ studies that illustrate earlier decline.
longitudinal; cross-sectional
When assessing individual variations in intellectual functioning, Schaie identified which three groups?
stable, gainers, delciners
In the latter part of middle age,______ memory capacity becomes more limited.
working
A consistent finding is that as adults become older their age identity, or self-perception of age, is ______ their chronological age.
younger than