Chapter 14-15 Study Guide

Look at the map and then write down three coordinates that can be found in the Indian Ocean.

(90°N, 0°W) (60°N, 0°W) (90°S, 20°E)

Using the following graph, what temperature is seawater below 1500 m in the low latitudes?

2 Degrees

What percentage of Earth's surface is covered by the global ocean?

71%

Guyot

A large, flat-topped seamount resulting from erosion of an island volcano when it was above sea level.

Label A - D in the figure to the right.

A= Continental Shelf B= Submarine Canyon C= Continental Slope D= Continental Rise

Which ocean is the shallowest ocean?

Artic

Which ocean is about half the size of the Pacific?

Atlantic Ocean

What do scientists call the charting of the ocean floor and the measurement of its depths?

Bathmetry

What are the two sources of dissolved substances in the ocean?

Chemical Weathering & Earth's Inertoir

A(n) ________________ can best be described as a transition zone between an ocean basin floor and a continent.

Continental Margin

Is the following sentence true or false? The majority of the world's oil is produced from ocean floor resources.

False

Is the following sentence true or false? The ocean floor topography is much less diverse than that of the continents.

False

Is the following sentence true or false? The ocean's surface water temperature varies with the amount of solar radiation received, which is primarily a function of longitude.

False

Which ocean is located almost entirely in the Southern Hemisphere?

Indian Ocean

What is the location in the ocean where new ocean floor forms?

Mid-ocean Ridge

What do scientists use as their method of obtaining sand and gravel from the ocean?

Mining with suction devices

List the three ocean floor regions that have their own unique characteristics.

Mixed Zone: least dense water, goes to 500ft in depth, salinity & temperature depends on density Transition Zone: between surface layer and transition zone, thermocline and pycnocline Deep Zone: Sunlight never reaches this zone, temps. are a few ° above freezing and constant high-density water

What are the two main energy products currently being obtained from the seafloor?

Natural Gas & Oil

What is one environmental concern about offshore petroleum exploration?

Oil spills caused by accidental leaks during the drilling process.

The source of today's natural gas and oil deposits is the ancient remains of microscopic __________.

Organisms

Which ocean is the largest and deepest ocean?

Pacific Ocean

List the names of Earth's four main ocean basins from smallest to largest

Pacific Ocean,Atlantic Ocean ,Arctic Ocean, & Indian Ocean

What are three ways in which fresh water is naturally added to seawater, decreasing its salinity?

Rain, runoff, and Icebergs melting

What are the two main factors that influence density of seawater?

Salinity & Temperature

__________________ is the moving apart of two plates at divergent plate boundaries.

Seafloor Spreading

What are the three correct steps in the process that shows how evaporated salts form?

Seawater evaporates ~> Salts in seawater increase in concentration. ~> Form Salt deposits

Fill in the blank: Electronic depth-sounding equipment called _______________ allowed scientists in the 1920s and later to precisely measure ocean depth.

Sonar

Looking at the map, what two oceans does 0 degrees longitude intersect?

The Pacific Ocean, Atlantic ocean, Indian ocean

List three true statements about seawater.

The most saline open sea is the Red Sea, On average, seawater in the world's oceans has a salinity of approximately 3.5%, or 35 parts per thousand, seawater is more enriched in dissolved ions of all types compared to fresh water

What is the name of the ocean layer where there is a rapid change of density with depth?

Thermocline

Is the following sentence true or false? Oceanographers generally recognize a three-layered structure in most parts of the open ocean: a shallow surface mixed zone, a transition zone, and a deep zone.

True

Is the following sentence true or false? Submersibles make it possible for scientists to collect data from areas of the ocean that were previously unreachable.

True

Is the following sentence true or false? The area covered by the ocean basin floor is comparable to the percentage of land on Earth's surface that is above sea level.

True

Is the following sentence true or false? The continental margin of the Pacific Ocean has very little volcanic or earthquake activity.

True

Is the following sentence true or false? The science of oceanography includes the study of the geological, chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of the world ocean.

True

Is the following sentence true or false? When brought up from the ocean floor to the ocean surface, gas hydrates rapidly break down.

True

What is the occasional movements down the continental slope of dense water rich in sediment?

Turbidity Currents

abyssal plain

a large, flat, almost level area of the deep-ocean basin

Trench

a long, narrow ditch.

Seamount

an underwater mountain rising above the ocean floor

Compact chemical structures made of water and natural gas under the ocean floor are called _______.

gas hydrates

Most of the salt in seawater is _________________, or common table salt.

sodium and chloride