Chapter 14-16 A&P

The medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain comprise the mesencephalon. ventricles. basal ganglia. brain stem. diencephalon.

brain stem

Long-term memories that are with you for a lifetime are called ________ memories. tertiary secondary multilobar consolidated reflexive

tertiary

Sensory information is processed and relayed to the cerebrum by the pons. cerebellum. medulla oblongata. thalamus. midbrain.

thalamus

What is the role of the somatic nervous system? to control the secretions of glands to control the contractions of smooth muscles to control the contractions of skeletal muscles to distribute somatic sensory information to the somatosensory cortex

to control the contradictions of skeletal muscles

Which of the following is a function of the hypothalamus? to regulate body temperature to secrete cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to process and transmit visual information secretes melatonin

to regulate body temp

Descending (motor) pathways always involve at least ________ motor neuron(s). spinal two one four three

two

Chambers within the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid are called aqueducts. ganglia. sinuses. ventricles. plexuses.

ventricles

Part complete The cerebellar hemispheres are separated by a band of cortex called the folia. arbor vitae. vermis. flocculonodular lobe. pyramid.

vermis

The heart muscle is a ________ effector. visceral afferent higher-order somatic sympathetic

visceral

An inhaler used to treat airway constriction in asthma or allergy might contain a drug that blocks β2 adrenergic receptors. activates β1 adrenergic receptors. activates muscarinic cholinergic receptors. activates β2 adrenergic receptors or activates muscarinic cholinergic receptors. activates β2 adrenergic receptors.

activates β2 adrenergic receptors

The sensory receptors, neurons and pathways make up the ________ division of the nervous system. afferent somatic voluntary efferent involuntary

afferent

The cerebellum __________. coordinates learned movements adjusts posture has peduncles connecting to the cerebrum All of the listed responses are correct.

all of the listed responses are correct

Which of the following are true of visceral reflexes? long reflexes essential to digestive function short reflexes All of these are true of visceral reflexes.

all of these are true of visceral reflexes

Which of the following is a progressive, degenerative disorder that affects upper and lower motor neurons causing skeletal muscle atrophy? paralysis amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cerebral palsy stroke multiple sclerosis

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

The white matter of the cerebellum forms the arbor vitae. vermis. flocculonodular lobe. pyramid. folia.

arbor vitae

The cerebellum can be permanently damaged by stroke or temporarily affected by drugs or alcohol. The resulting disturbance in motor control is known as dysphagia. ataxia. aphasia. epilepsy. Parkinson's.

ataxia

Which of these neurotransmitters is NOT released at sympathetic neuroeffector junctions? atropine acetylcholine nitric oxide norepinephrine

atropine

In motor pathways, the only portion of the pathway that is outside of the CNS is the upper motor neuron. axon of the upper motor neuron. lower motor neuron. interneuron. axon of the lower motor neuron.

axon of the lower motor neuron

Mechanoreceptors that respond to changes in blood pressure are called thermoreceptors. nociceptors. proprioceptors. baroreceptors. chemoreceptors.

baroreceptors

The medulla oblongata regulates auditory reflexes. vision and hearing. blood pressure and respiration. food intake. somatic motor contractions.

blood pressure and respiration

What makes up the gray matter in the cerebellum? (Figure 14-9) superior, middle, and inferior cerebellar peduncles transverse pontine fibers and cerebellar nuclei arbor vitae and superior, middle, and inferior cerebellar peduncles transverse pontine fibers and arbor vitae cerebellar cortex and cerebellar nuclei

cerebellar cortex and cerebellar nuclei

Making rapid postural adjustments is a major function of the __________. cerebrum cerebellum diencephalon medulla oblongata

cerebellum

When you perform a physical activity that you have not done in a while, such as riding a bike, which area of your brain coordinates your movements with learned experiences? pons thalamus midbrain medulla oblongata cerebellum

cerebellum

Most long-term memories are stored in the cerebellum. thalamus. pons. cerebral cortex. hypothalamus.

cerebral cortex

The mammillary bodies of the hypothalamus secrete oxytocin. regulate lactation. control feeding reflexes. secrete antidiuretic hormone. control heart rate and blood pressure.

control feeding reflexes

The white structure that connects the cerebral hemispheres is the arbor vitae. corpus callosum. geniculate nucleus. amygdala. basal ganglia.

corpus callosum

The thalamus is often called the "air traffic controller" of the brain because it controls reflexes. controls the autonomic functions of the body, such as the fight-or-flight response. determines the routing of incoming sensory information to the correct cerebral cortex area. determines what can enter the brain from the blood. passes motor information on to the cerebellum.

determines the routing of incoming sensory information to the correct cerebral cortex area

The pineal gland is part of the hypothalamus. diencephalon. brainstem. midbrain. medulla oblongata.

diencephalon

Which brain region contains centers for processing sensory information, emotions, and hormone production? mesencephalon cerebrum diencephalon cerebellum

diencephalon

Which of the following lies between the cerebrum and the brain stem? pons diencephalon cerebellum medulla oblongata mesencephalon

diencephalon

Sympathomimetic drugs might be used to decrease heart rate. decrease blood pressure. increase gastric motility. dilate airways. reduce blood sugar levels.

dilate airways

The dural fold that divides the two cerebellar hemispheres is the __________. tentorium cerebelli inferior sagittal sinus falx cerebelli falx cerebri

falx cerebelli

Stimulation of the ________ within the hypothalamus produces the sensation of hunger. hormone center thirst center feeding center limbic system satiety center

feeding center

The central sulcus divides which two lobes? (Figure 14-13) left parietal lobe and right parietal lobe occipital lobe and parietal lobe frontal lobe and parietal lobe parietal lobe and temporal lobe frontal lobe and temporal lobe

frontal lobe and parietal lobe

The rounded elevations of the cerebrum that increase its surface area are called dural sinuses. cortical folds. gyri. fissures. sulci.

gyri

The ________ is important in storage and recall of new long-term memories. cingulate gyrus fornix amygdaloid body hippocampus mammillary bodies

hippocampus

Where is the headquarters of the autonomic nervous system? cerebral cortex hypothalamus cerebellum brain stem

hypothalamus

Parkinson's disease is the result of weak response of the red nuclei of the mesencephalon. decreased levels of acetylcholine from neurons in the substantia nigra. inadequate production of dopamine by substantia nigra neurons. hyperactivity of the limbic system. excess production of GABA by neurons in the basal nuclei.

inadequate production of dopamine by substance nigra neurons

Which of the following would be an example of higher-level control of autonomic function? a violent coughing attack in response to an irritant increased salivation when you smell food that appeals to you increased heart rate when you see a person you fear dilation of the pupils when you enter a dark room gagging on food that does not appeal to you

increased heart rate when you see a person you fear

The medulla oblongata relays auditory stimuli to the cerebral peduncles. red nuclei. inferior colliculi. substantia nigra. superior colliculi.

inferior colliculi

Central adaptation refers to inhibition of nuclei located along a sensory pathway. the decline in activity of peripheral receptors when stimulated. increases in conscious perception of a sensory stimulus. a characteristic of phasic receptors. a change in motor receptivity of a neuron.

inhibition of nuclei located along a sensory pathway

The region of the cerebral cortex that is medial and deep to the temporal lobe is the temporal lobe. occipital lobe. frontal lobe. insula. parietal lobe.

insula

The brain requires a substantial blood supply. The vessels that deliver blood to the brain are the dural sinuses. facial arteries. jugular veins. internal carotid and vertebral arteries. external carotid arteries.

internal carotid and vertebral arteries

Which motor pathway directs a faster response: voluntary or involuntary? (Figure 15-1) involuntary voluntary

involuntary

Cerebrospinal fluid has almost the same composition as blood plasma. is secreted by ependymal cells. is formed by a passive process. is normally produced twice as fast as it is removed. contains blood cells and blood plasma.

is secreted by ependymal cells

Which of the following is true about the cerebral cortex? It is a deep layer of white matter. It is a deep layer of gray matter. It is a superficial layer of gray matter. It is a deep layer of both white and gray matter. It is a superficial layer of white matter.

it is a superficial layer of gray matter

Which of these is NOT a property of the limbic system? It is important in learning and memory. It includes the hippocampus. It is central to our ability to experience emotions. It regulates body temperature.

it regulates body temp

The dorsal/posterior nuclei of the thalamus includes the basal nuclei. interthalamic adhesion. lateral and medial geniculate nuclei. red nucleus. mammillary body.

lateral and medial geniculate nuclei

The optic nerves carry visual information from the retina to the lateral geniculate nuclei. medial geniculate nuclei. supraoptic nuclei. paraventricular nuclei. pulvinar nuclei.

lateral geniculate nuclei

The system that functions in tying together emotions, motivation and memory is the circadian system. reticular activating system. hypothalamic system. apneustic system. limbic system.

limbic system

The cerebrum is divided into two hemispheres by the __________. central sulcus longitudinal fissure corpus callosum postcentral gyrus

longitudinal fissure

Autonomic centers that control blood pressure, heart rate, and digestion are located in the medulla oblongata. diencephalon. cerebellum. midbrain. pons.

medulla oblongata

Cardiovascular centers located in the ________ adjust the heart rate, the strength of cardiac contractions, and the flow of blood through the peripheral tissues. thalamus pons prefrontal cortex midbrain medulla oblongata

medulla oblongata

What structures make up the brainstem? (Figure 14-1) midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata hypothalamus, thalamus, epithalamus cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon diencephalon, midbrain, cerebellum pons, medulla oblongata, cerebellum

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

As you ascend from the medulla oblongata to the cerebrum, the functions of each successive level become critical to reflexes. better understood. more crucial to visceral functions. more complex. simpler.

more complex

What neurotransmitter is released from most varicosities in the sympathetic division? (Figure 16-4) epinephrine serotonin dopamine GABA norepinephrine

norepinephrine

The cerebral lobe posterior to the central sulcus is the occipital lobe. frontal lobe. insula. parietal lobe. temporal lobe.

parietal lobe

Sensory neurons that adapt quickly are called ________ receptors. tonic opioid chemical-channel intracellular phasic

phasic

List the maters surrounding the brain from the deepest layer to the most superficial layer. (Figure 14-3) dura, arachnoid, pia pia, arachnoid, dura arachnoid, pia, dura arachnoid, dura, pia pia, dura, arachnoid

pia, arachnoid, dura

The primary somatosensory cortex is found on the __________. postcentral gyrus cingulate gyrus frontal lobe precentral gyrus

postcentral gyrus

Which of the following is NOT a component of the limbic system? precentral gyrus cingulate gyrus fornix amygdaloid body

precentral gyrus

Which cerebral area is involved with judgment and predictive abilities? prefrontal cortex Broca's area general interpretive area Brodmann area Wernicke's area

prefrontal cortex

A visceral motor neuron whose cell body is within the CNS is called a(n)________ neuron. somatomotor upper motor lower motor preganglionic postganglionic

preganglionic

Which of the following visceral reflexes is not coordinated by the medulla oblongata? pupillary reflex cardioacceleratory reflex coughing reflex vasomotor reflex swallowing reflex

pupillary reflex

The neurons of the primary motor cortex are ________ cells. neuroglial astrocyte cortical pyramidal dendritic

pyramidal

The corticospinal system is often referred to as the reticular formation. red nucleus. medullary centers. spinothalamic tracts. pyramidal system.

pyramidal system

Ganglionic neurons innervate all of the following except adipose tissue. glands. skeletal muscle. smooth muscle. cardiac muscle.

skeletal muscle

The somatic nervous system affects skeletal muscles. Name effectors of the autonomic nervous system. (Figure 16-1) smooth muscle, glands, cardiac muscle, adipocytes bone and joints bone and spinal cord spinal cord and brainstem cerebrum and cerebellum

smooth muscle, glands, cardiac muscle, adipocytes

The ________ nervous system carries impulses to skeletal muscles. autonomic sympathetic somatic afferent parasympathetic

somatic

The corpora quadrigemina is composed of the superior and inferior colliculi. four cerebral lobes. two superior cerebellar peduncles and the two inferior cerebellar peduncles. first four cranial nerves. cranial nerve IV.

superior and inferior colliculi

Which hypothalamic nucleus is responsible for regulating circadian rhythms? tuber cinereum autonomic nucleus suprachiasmatic nucleus paraventricular nucleus preoptic area

suprachiasmatic nucleus

Drugs that stimulate alpha receptors, causing constriction of peripheral vessels, are sympathetic blocking agents. sympathomimetic. parasympathomimetic. parasympathetic blocking agents. autonomic blocking agents.

sympathomimetic

A tactile receptor composed of highly coiled dendrites that are surrounded by modified Schwann cells and a fibrous capsule is a root hair plexus. Bulbous corpuscle. tactile (Meissner) corpuscle. tactile (Merkel) disc. lamellar corpuscle.

tactile (merkel) disc

The region of cerebral cortex inferior to the lateral sulcus is the __________ lobe. frontal occipital temporal parietal

temporal

Which statement is true regarding the meninges and cerebrospinal fluid of the spinal cord and brain? There is an epidural space associated with the spinal meninges, but not with the cranial meninges. Spinal fluid is secreted both in the brain and in the spinal cord areas. The choroid plexuses are located only within the brain, not within the spinal cord. The meninges around the brain are not the same as those around the spinal cord. There is a subarachnoid space within the spinal meninges but not the cranial meninges.

the choroid plexuses are located only within the brain, not within the spinal cord

The sympathetic division of the ANS is also known as which of the following? lumbosacral division somatic division craniosacral division resting division thoracolumbar division

thoracolumbar division

Damage to the corpora quadrigemina would interfere with regulation of body temperature. control of autonomic function. conscious control of skeletal muscles. control of breathing. visual and auditory reflex movements of the head and neck.

visual and auditory reflex movements of the head and neck