Chapter 14

What event caused the war that ended with the Peace of Augsburg?

1524 - The German Peasant's Revolt.

What was the English line of throne succession during the 16th century?

Henry VIII (1509 - 1547) Edward VI (1547-1553) Mary Tudor (1553 - 1558) Elizabeth I (1558 - 1603)

What was the first war to include mass armies and modern weaponry?

The 30 Years' War

What caused the Thirty Years' War? When did it happen and what stopped the fighting?

(1618-1648) Ferdinand II HRE, sought to eradicate Protestants from the HRE which caused backlash from the protestants. Germany was engulfed in a civil war but then Catholics and Protestants from all over Europe joined the fight. The fighting ended when everyone was too tired to continue. A series of treaties encompassed under the name The Peace of Westphalia in 1648.

When, Why, and Significance of the Peace of Westphalia?

1648 To end the 30 Years' War The Peace of Westphalia ended the ongoing fighting that had been going on in the eaerly 17th century in Europe. This peace reorganized Europe to create a balance of power between nations in hopes of discouraging fighting, it made a distinction between (non)combatants, and it established the principle of each territory choosing its religion.

Who was Sir Francis Drake?

A legal pirate that worked for Elizabeth 1 of England attacking Spanish ships coming from the Americas with Gold and Silver. He was later knighted by Elizabeth 1 herself.

What happened at the Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre? When did it happen?

August 24th, 1572. On this day, the Huguenots were celebrating Henri de Navarre's wedding but they(Huguenots) were targeted by Catholic mobs in Paris and subsequently throughout France. Around 3000 Huguenots died in France.

Who was Catherine de Medici?

Catherine de Medici was the Queen Regent during the reign of Charles IX (a child). She was a Catholic and helped to plan the SBD Massacre.

Who was Henri IV?

Henri IV was the same Henri de Navarre leader of the Huguenots who took the throne after the French Civil war in which Henry III died. Although he was Protestant, he converted to Catholicism to appease the Catholic majority in France and recognized as one of the best French Kings. He issued the Edict of Nantes that guaranteed religious freedom in France.

Who was Henry VIII ?

Henry VIII was King of England (1507-1549) from the Tudor dynasty that is famous for creating the Anglican Church after the Pope refused to dissolve his marriage to Catherine of Aragon.

What happened after Henry VIII died?

His son Edward took over for a short time until he died. Then Mary Tudor (bloody Mary) who was Catholic, took over, persecuted protestant leaders and later died of cancer. Then Elizabeth 1 took over and started England's "Golden Age".

When was the Peace of Augsburg issued and what did it accomplish?

I555. The Peace of Augsburg ended the fighting in Europe between the Holy Roman Empire (Charles V) and the Protestant Princes in Germany. It established the fact that the princes could choose their religion in their territories. Recognized Lutheranism.

What is the secular significance of the creation of the Anglican church?

Since Henry VIII broke away from Catholicism, he took away monasteries' wealth and territory (around 20% of the land in England) which in addition to New World Resources, granted England more wealth.

When was the Edict of Nantes issued, by who, and what did it do?

The Edict of Nantes was issued in 1598 by French King, Henry IV, guaranteeing the freedom of religion throughout the realm in order to promote civil unity.

When did the Netherlands revolt against Spain and who were they aided by? When were they formally liberated from Spain?

The Netherlands revolted against the King Phillip II in 1566 and aided by Spain's rival, England(Elizabeth I). They weren't formally independent from Spain until 1648(Peace of Westphalia).

Which ethnoreligious group suffered persecution from all nations and were expelled from most of Europe?Where did they find a place to settle down?

The jews and in the ottoman empire.

Who established the first modern ghetto?

Venice