Chapter 14

Depersonalization/derealization disorder

occurs when a person experiences strong feelings of unreality about either the self or the surrounding environment.

Specific Phobias

Fears of objects other than those associated with agoraphobia or social anxiety disorder.

Obsession

Intrusive, distressing thought.

Compulsion

Repetitive, ritualistic behavior associated with high anxiety

Dissociative identity disorder (multiple personality disorder)

Characterized by the experience of two distinct 'personality states'

Mania

A period of unrealistically elevated mood

Anhedonia

A person's disinterest in activities that previously provided pleasure, such as sex, eating, or social activities.

Learned Helplessness

A state in which experiencing random or uncontrolled consequences leads to feelings of helplessness and possibly depression.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

A disorder characterized by excessive anxiety and worry that is not correlated with particular objects or situations.

Personality Disorder

A disorder characterized by impairments in identity in personality traits, and in establishment of empathy or intimacy.

Borderline Personality Disorder

A disorder characterized by instability in interpersonal relationships, self image, and emotion.

Major Depressive Disorder

A disorder characterized by lengthy periods of depressed mood, loss of pleasure in normal activities, disturbances in sleep and appetite, difficulty concentrating, feelings of hopelessness, and possible thoughts of suicide.

Somatic Symptom Disorder

A disorder characterized by physical symptoms that do not have an underlying medical cause.

Panic Disorder

A disorder characterized by repeated panic attacks and fear of future attacks.

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

A disorder characterized by the unrealistic perception of physical flaws.

Rumination

repetitively focusing on the fact that one is depressed; on one's symptoms of depression; and on the causes, meanings, and consequences of symptoms of depression.

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

A disorder associated with intrusive obsessions and compulsions.

Post traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

A disorder caused by the experience of trauma, which leads to flashbacks, dreams, hypervigilance, and avoidance of stimuli associated with the traumatic event.

Social Anxiety Disorder

A disorder characterized by an unrealistic fear of being scrutinized and criticized by others.

Antisocial Personality Disorder

A disorder characterized by an unusual lack of remorse, empathy, or regard for normal social rules and conventions.

Dissociative Disorder

A disorder characterized by disruptions in a person's identity, memory, or consciousness.

Anxiety Disorders

A disorder featuring anxiety that is not proportional to a person's circumstances

Diathesis-Stress Model

A model that suggests that the experience of stress interacts with an individual's biological predisposition to produce a psychological disorder

Bipolar Disorder

A mood disorder characterized by alternating periods of mania and depression

Panic Attack

The experience of intense fear and autonomic arousal in the absence of real threat.

Agoraphobia

Unrealistic fear of open spaces, being outside the home alone, or being in a crowd.

Loneliness

social process that reflects feeling badly about the state of one's relationships with others.