Chapter 14 & 15: Reform Movements: Temperance, Women & Utopian Societies

The Lowell System

"Putting out System": New system to manufacture textiles. Allowed people to make textiles in a factory-like setting in one place which efficiently improved the output of fabrics.

Emma Willard

American Women's Rights activist; dedicated to education. Established Troy Female Seminary

Dorothea Dix

American female activist who was the first to advocate and implement mental asylums in America. Superintendent of Army Nurses in the Civil War. Stepping stone in proving the equality of the sexes.

Susan B. Anthony

American social reformer and feminist; key/pivotal role in the women's suffrage movement. Key in overall equal rights of humans in America; helped initiate American Equal Rights Association. Worked for equality for females and African Americans

Brook Farm

An Utopian experiment founded by George Ripley. He was inspired by Charles Fourier's socialists ideals that believed in a utopian society where people lived better lives in a shared community

Mary Lyon

Another Women's Rights activist in the field of education Established the Mount Holyoke Female Seminary

Neal S. Dow

Became the Mayor of Portland Maine, Passed the "Maine Law of 1851" which prohibited the sale of liquor. Became widely known and historically significant as the father of prohibitionism/temperance

Angelina & Sarah Grimke

Both focused on abolitionism and women's suffrage/other equality issues. Argued that churches had become "unchristian". Authored the first developed argument for women's equality in the United States

American Temperance Society

Established in 1826 and wanted to limit the consumption of alcohol. Lyman Beecher leader of the Temperance Society as well as the Second Great Awakening. First American organization that fought for a national cause. Churches held most of the meetings and alcohol was called "demon rum". Most successful in the North.

New Harmony

Established in New Harmony, Indiana by Robert Owen. Wanted to create a utopian society and hoped to inspire the ability to have equality for men and women. an experimental idea which did not last up to three years.

Margaret Fuller, The Dial

First Female full-time book reviewer in journalism. Her transcendentalist journal The Dial kicked off the transcendentalist movement. Base on the inherent goodness of people, anti-intellectual and anti-spiritual. Pursued a different branch of unexplored knowledge

Seneca Falls Convention

First convention for women's rights. The altercation of Thomas Jefferson's "all men and women are created equal..." became the main point of the Seneca Falls Convention.

Troy Female Seminary

First education institution for women dedicated to higher education (high school & technical aspects of college). Set the precedent as the first school to offer higher education equivalent to that of males. Functioned as a gateway (for females) to extracurricular studies

Mount Holyoke

First female education institution dedicated to the studies of general knowledge and intellectual capacity (liberal arts). Another stepping stone in the field of higher education; this was the first female school dedicated to liberal arts rather than technological studies.

Oneida Community

Founded by John Humphrey Noyes. Group of socio-religious perfectionists who regularly practiced polygamy, communal raising of children, as well as communal property.

The 'Cult of Domesticity'

Glorified the functions of a housewife. Also known as the cult of true womanhood, believed that women should stay at home and make sure homelife is supportive of the husband

'Republican Motherhood'

Helped elevate the role of women in society. Abigail Adams was an early advocate for women's rights as her husband was helping reform the government she prompted the saying, "Remember the Ladies". It is the idea of the educated woman as the only way a republic would succeed was to allow women the ability of education so they could teach their children.

Elizabeth Blackwell

Set a precedent as first woman to receive a medical degree in the US Used this to support women's rights both in her English homeland and in the United States

Catherine Beecher

Vehement supporter of female education and the incorporation of kindergarten learning to all people's education. Established the Hartford Female Seminary One of the first educational institution for women

Amelia Bloomer

Women's Rights and temperance advocate, attended Seneca Falls Convention. Many women's garments had nearly suffocated women. Bloomer popularized (did not create) the Bloomer style of fashion, based more on comfort of the individual rather than looks.

Shakers/ Ann Lee

a religious group that was devoted to Ann Lee- similar to a cult. Believed in not marrying nor sexual relationships.

The Declaration of Sentiments

Elizabeth Cady Stanton created the Declaration of Sentiments, which took the constitution as her model and changed it to incorporate women. Stanton made eleven resolutions which mainly advocated for the equal freedom for women

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Key players in the Seneca Falls Convention Helped write the Declaration of Sentiments at the Seneca Falls convention; a pivotal document in the women's rights movement

Lucretia Mott

Key players in the Seneca Falls Convention Helped write the Declaration of Sentiments at the Seneca Falls convention; a pivotal document in the women's rights movement

Arthur's Ten Nights in a Barroom

Novel written by T.S. Arthur in efforts to gain supporters in the temperance movement The novel criticized alcohol use

Lucy Stone

Public orator; focused on public expression Was one of the first public figures to refuse to use her husband's surname (still renowned for this today) Worked in oration and weekly publications of her speeches Became key in recording the history of the suffrage movement