chapter 14, chapter 13
8) ________ are chambers within the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid. A) Lobes B) Ventricles C) Nuclei D) Fissures E) Gyri
Ventricles
115) Bob is struck on the left side of the head and is knocked unconscious. When he recovers consciousness, he can hear individual words but cannot understand the meaning of phrases or sentences. This implies damage to his A) vestibulocochlear nerve. B) Wernickeʹs area.
Wernickeʹs area.
25) Preganglionic fibers of parasympathetic neurons are present in all of the following cranial nerves except A) III. B) VII. C) IX. D) X. E) XII.
XII.
51) Most sympathetic effector junctions release norepinephrine but a significant number release acetylcholine instead. Which of these is an example of an organ of the cholinergic type? A) the heart B) a blood vessel in the skin C) a sweat gland D) the liver E) the salivary glands
a sweat gland
46) The white matter of the cerebellum forms a branching array called the A) cortex. B) medulla. C) fourth ventricle. D) vermis. E) arbor vitae.
arbor vitae.
12) Collateral ganglia contain neurons that innervate tissues and organs in which cavity? A) thoracic B) lumbar C) abdominopelvic D) vertebral E) cranial
abdominopelvic
111) A person with a damaged visual association area may be A) unable to see rows of letters. B) declared legally blind. C) unable to recognize letters but able to identify whole words and their meanings. D) able to see letters but unable to associate them into words. E) unable to understand spoken words.
able to see letters but unable to associate them into words.
44) Sympathetic nerves A) provoke feelings of sympathy. B) allow us to relax, rest, and recover. C) are bundles of postganglionic fibers that innervate organs within the thoracic cavity. D) control swallowing. E) stimulate gastric secretion.
are bundles of postganglionic fibers that innervate organs within the thoracic cavity.
56) Muscarinic receptors A) are normally activated by acetylcholine. B) are found mostly in autonomic ganglia. C) always produce an excitatory response. D) control sodium channels in the affected membrane. E) are blocked by norepinephrine.
are normally activated by acetylcholine.
71) The anterior nuclei of the thalamus A) are part of the limbic system. B) secrete pituitary hormones. C) secrete melatonin. D) receive axon collaterals from the optic nerve.
are part of the limbic system.
103) Cortical regions that interpret sensory information or coordinate motor responses are called ________ areas. A) commissural B) sensory C) association D) somesthetic E) processing
association
17) The cells that cover the outer surfaces of CNS capillaries cells are the A) microglia. B) astrocytes. C) monocytes. D) leukocytes. E) lymphocytes.
astrocytes.
3) Ganglionic neurons usually synapse with preganglionic neurons in the ________ and have axons that innervate ________. A) brain; visceral effectors B) autonomic ganglia; visceral effectors C) visceral effectors; autonomic ganglia
autonomic ganglia; visceral effectors
63) A certain drug decreases heart rate by blocking a receptor on cardiac pacemaker cells. This drug probably binds to ________ receptors. A) nicotinic cholinergic B) muscarinic cholinergic C) alpha-1 adrenergic D) alpha-2 adrenergic E) beta-1 adrenergic
beta-1 adrenergic
27) Which of the following is not a parasympathetic ganglion? A) ciliary B) pterygopalatine C) submandibular D) otic E) celiac
celiac
54) The presence of many large, highly-branched Purkinje cells in a sample of brain tissue indicates that it came from the A) pons. B) medulla. C) cerebral cortex. D) cerebellar cortex. E) arbor vitae.
cerebellar cortex.
48) A cortex is found on the surface of both the A) cerebral hemispheres and pons. B) pons and cerebellum. C) cerebellum and medulla oblongata. D) cerebellum and cerebral hemispheres. E) pons and medullar oblongata.
cerebellum and cerebral hemispheres.
14) The third and fourth ventricles are linked by a slender canal designated as the A) central canal. B) tentorium cerebelli. C) cerebral aqueduct. D) interventricular foramina. E) septum pellucidum.
cerebral aqueduct.
107) The highest levels of information processing occur in the A) cerebrum. B) diencephalon. C) cerebellum. D) medulla oblongata. E) corpus callosum.
cerebrum.
47) The shallow folds of the surface of the cerebellum are called A) folia. B) fissures. C) gyri. D) sulci. E) arbor vitae.
folia.
85) A tract of white matter found in the limbic system that connects the hippocampus with the hypothalamus is the A) amygdaloid body. B) cingulate gyrus. C) mammillary bodies. D) hippocampus. E) fornix.
fornix.
15) The ventricle associated with the pons and upper medulla is the A) first. B) second. C) third. D) fourth. E) lateral.
fourth
112) What brain structure is considered to be the headquarters for the ANS? (Module 14.11A) A) thalamus B) hypothalamus C) midbrain D) pons E) medulla oblongata
hypothalamus
7) The floor of the diencephalon is formed by the A) hypothalamus. B) thalamus. C) brainstem. D) midbrain. E) myelencephalon.
hypothalamus
82) The integrative centers for autonomic activity are located in the A) cerebrum. B) pons. C) thalamus. D) hypothalamus. E) medulla oblongata.
hypothalamus.
113) What brain structure relays somatosensory information? (Module 14.11B) A) thalamus B) hypothalamus C) midbrain D) pons E) medulla oblongata
thalamus
9) Sensory information is processed and relayed to the cerebrum by the A) medulla oblongata. B) pons. C) midbrain. D) thalamus. E) cerebellum.
thalamus.
51) The cerebellar hemispheres are separated by a worm-shaped band of cortex called the A) cerebellar peduncles. B) arbor vitae. C) folia. D) vermis. E) pyramid.
vermis.
129) There are ________ pairs of cranial nerves. A) 2 B) 6 C) 12 D) 22 E) 31
12
143) Droopy eyelids and double vision can result from injury to the ________ nerve. A) optic B) oculomotor C) trochlear D) olfactory E) abducens
oculomotor
46) In general, sympathetic preganglionic fibers are ________ and postganglionic fibers are ________. A) long; short B) short; long C) long; long D) short; short
short; long
102) What neurotransmitter is released by all parasympathetic neurons? (Module 14.5B) A) acetylcholine B) epinephrine C) norepinephrine D) dopamine
102: acetylcholine
105) The sense of taste projects to the gustatory cortex located in the A) insula. B) temporal lobe. C) frontal lobe. D) prefrontal cortex. E) occipital lobe.
105: insula.
110) Difficulties in estimating temporal relationships between events may stem from damage to A) the prefrontal cortex. B) the general interpretive area. C) Brocaʹs area. D) Wernickeʹs area. E) the temporal lobe.
110: the prefrontal cortex.
120) Cortical regions that interpret sensory information or coordinate motor responses are called A) lobes. B) cortices. C) hemispheres. D) association areas. E) primary motor areas.
120: association areas.
123) The corpus callosum is composed of A) arcuate fibers. B) longitudinal fasciculi. C) association fibers. D) commissural fibers. E) projection fibers.
123: commissural fibers.
124) White matter fibers that pass from one gyrus to the adjacent gyrus are called A) arcuate fibers. B) longitudinal fasciculi. C) association fibers. D) commissural fibers. E) projection fibers.
124: arcuate fibers.
125) The two cerebral hemispheres are separated by the A) longitudinal fissure. B) central sulcus. C) transverse fissure. D) parieto-occipital sulcus. E) postcentral sulcus.
125: longitudinal fissure.
126) The internal capsule of the cerebrum is composed of A) arcuate fibers. B) longitudinal fasciculi. C) association fibers. D) commissural fibers. E) projection fibers.
126: projection fibers.
146) Damage to the ________ nerve would result in near paralysis of the eye. A) optic B) oculomotor C) trochlear D) olfactory E) abducens
146: oculomotor
81) Visceral reflex arcs can bypass CNS neurons in ________ reflexes. A) short B) long C) both short and long D) neither short nor long
81: short
144) A patient develops a tumor of a cranial nerve that leads to difficulty in speaking from a loss of tongue movement. Which cranial nerve is affected? A) glossopharyngeal B) hypoglossal C) vagus D) spinal accessory E) trigeminal
144: hypoglossal
148) Jean needs to have a tooth in her mandible filled. Her dentist injects a local anesthetic to block pain afferents in one of her cranial nerves. What cranial nerve does the dentist numb? A) trochlear B) trigeminal C) facial D) glossopharyngeal E) hypoglossal
148: trigeminal
20) The dural fold that projects into the longitudinal fissure between cerebral hemispheres is called the A) dural sinus. B) falx cerebri. C) tentorium cerebelli. D) falx cerebelli. E) choroid plexus.
20: falx cerebri.
21) The statement ʺIt initiates contraction of urinary bladder smooth muscleʺ is A) true only for the parasympathetic nervous system. B) true only for the sympathetic nervous system. C) true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.
21: true only for the parasympathetic nervous system.
29) The layer of the meninges that closely follows every gyrus and sulcus is the A) pia mater. B) dura mater. C) arachnoid mater. D) subarachnoid space. E) subarachnoid mater.
29: pia mater.
31) What type of neuron of the parasympathetic division exits the brain stem? A) somatic motor neuron B) preganglionic neuron C) sensory neuron D) ganglionic neuron E) astrocyte
31: preganglionic neuron
40) The cardiovascular reflexes are based in the A) cerebrum. B) midbrain. C) cerebellum. D) medulla oblongata. E) spinal cord.
40: medulla oblongata
42) The control of heart rate and blood pressure is based in the A) cerebrum. B) cerebellum. C) diencephalon. D) medulla oblongata. E) heart.
42: medulla oblongata
45) The statement ʺIts postganglionic axons always use acetylcholine as the neurotransmitterʺ is A) true only for the parasympathetic nervous system. B) true only for the sympathetic nervous system. C) true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems. D) not true for either the parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous systems.
45: true only for the parasympathetic nervous system.
48) The statement ʺPreganglionic axon terminals release acetylcholineʺ is A) true only for the parasympathetic nervous system. B) true only for the sympathetic nervous system. C) true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems. D) not true for either the parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous systems. E) true only for the somatic nervous system.
48: true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.
49) Overseeing the postural muscles of the body and making rapid adjustments to maintain balance and equilibrium are functions of the A) cerebrum. B) midbrain. C) cerebellum. D) pons. E) medulla oblongata.
49: cerebellum
28) The choroid plexuses produces CSF at a rate of about A) 500 mL/day. B) 250 mL/day. C) 50 mL/day. D) 1000 mL/day. E) 150 mL/day.
500 mL/day.
52) The white matter of the cerebellum forms the A) cerebellar peduncles. B) arbor vitae. C) folia. D) vermis. E) pyramid.
52: arbor vitae
55) The medulla oblongata relays auditory information to the A) substantia nigra. B) red nuclei. C) cerebral peduncles. D) superior colliculi. E) inferior colliculi.
55: inferior colliculi.
56) The regions of the midbrain that issue subconscious motor commands that affect upper limb position and background muscle tone are the A) tecta. B) red nuclei. C) cerebral peduncles. D) superior colliculi. E) inferior colliculi.
56: red nuclei
57) Descending nerve fiber bundles on the ventrolateral surface of the midbrain are the A) tegmenta. B) corpora quadrigemina. C) cerebral peduncles. D) superior colliculi. E) inferior colliculi.
57: cerebral peduncles.
59) The tectum of the midbrain contains the A) substantia nigra. B) red nuclei. C) superior and inferior colliculi. D) cerebral peduncles. E) basal ganglia.
59: superior and inferior colliculi.
60) The reflex movement of the head toward a loud noise is directed by the midbrain. Which nuclei accomplish this? A) substantia nigra B) red nuclei C) tectum D) superior colliculi E) inferior colliculi
60: inferior colliculi
65) Dual innervation refers to an organ receiving A) two nerves from the spinal cord. B) both autonomic and somatomotor nerves. C) both sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation.
65: both sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation
66) Control of the diameter of the respiratory passages depends upon A) sympathetic stimulation only. B) parasympathetic stimulation only. C) somatomotor stimulation only. D) both parasympathetic and sympathetic levels of stimulation.
66: both parasympathetic and sympathetic levels of stimulation.
67) The ________ provides the principal link between the nervous and endocrine systems. A) cerebellum B) medulla oblongata C) cerebrum D) pons E) hypothalamus
67: hypothalamus
68) The ________ filters and relays sensory information to the cerebral cortex. A) cerebrum B) thalamus C) pons D) medulla oblongata E) cerebellum
68: thalamus
68) The statement ʺIt controls the diameter of the pupilʺ is A) true only for the parasympathetic nervous system. B) true only for the sympathetic nervous system. C) true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems. D) not true for either the parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous systems. E) true only for the somatic nervous system.
68: true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.
75) Which of the following would lead to increased heart rate? A) increased sympathetic input B) decreased sympathetic input C) increased parasympathetic input D) decreased parasympathetic input E) both increased sympathetic input and decreased parasympathetic input
75: both increased sympathetic input and decreased parasympathetic input
75) The optic tracts carry visual information from the retina to the A) pulvinar nuclei. B) lateral geniculate nuclei. C) medial geniculate nuclei. D) preoptic area. E) suprachiasmatic nuclei.
75: lateral geniculate nuclei.
76) The ________ relay(s) auditory information to the auditory cortex. A) pulvinar nuclei B) lateral geniculate nuclei C) medial geniculate nuclei D) preoptic area E) suprachiasmatic nuclei
76: medial geniculate nuclei
7) All of the following are visceral effectors except A) smooth muscles. B) cardiac muscle. C) adipocytes. D) skeletal muscles. E) glands.
7: skeletal muscles.
86) Terry suffers from dissociation of memories from their emotional content as the result of an automobile accident. What system of the brain is probably damaged? A) the prefrontal lobe B) the general interpretive area C) the limbic system D) the thalamus E) the putamen
86: the limbic system
87) Which of the following is not one of the basal nuclei? A) caudate nucleus B) globus pallidus C) putamen D) hippocampus E) lentiform nucleus
87: hippocampus
88) Which brain area is considered to be the headquarters of the ANS? A) cerebral cortex B) thalamus C) limbic system D) hypothalamus E) brain stem
88: hypothalamus
90) Within each hemisphere, deep to the floor of the lateral ventricle, you will find the A) anterior commissures. B) basal nuclei. C) motor association areas. D) visual cortex. E) auditory cortex.
90: basal nuclei.
92) The basal nuclei A) initiate conscious motor activity. B) activate spinal reflexes. C) adjust and refine learned motor activities. D) exert direct control over lower motor neurons. E) act as gatekeepers, filtering out unnecessary sensory input.
92: adjust and refine learned motor activities
93) Identify two major divisions of the ANS. (Module 14.2A) A) somatic division and sympathetic division B) somatic division and parasympathetic division C) enteric division and the central division D) central division and sympathetic division E) sympathetic division and parasympathetic division
93: sympathetic division and parasympathetic division
96) The superior border of the temporal lobe is marked by the A) insula. B) longitudinal fissure. C) central sulcus. D) lateral sulcus. E) parieto-occipital sulcus.
96: lateral sulcus.
4) The adult human brain contains almost ________ of the bodyʹs neural tissue. A) 15 percent B) 25 percent C) 68 percent D) 97 percent E) 100 percent
97 percent
128) ________ is a temporary cerebral disorder accompanied by abnormal movements, unusual sensations, and/or inappropriate behavior. A) Dyslexia B) Apraxia C) Aphasia D) Parkinsonʹs disease E) A seizure
A seizure
107) Define visceral reflex. (Module 14.9A) A) A visceral reflex is a slow, calculated response of the spinal cord following exposure to a single specific somatic stimulus. B) A visceral reflex is a slow, calculated response of the spinal cord following repeated exposure to specific somatic stimuli. C) A visceral reflex is an autonomic reflex initiated in the viscera. It can be modified, facilitated, or inhibited by higher centers, especially those in the hypothalamus.
A visceral reflex is an autonomic reflex initiated in the viscera. It can be modified, facilitated, or inhibited by higher centers, especially those in the hypothalamus.
58) Which of the following statements about adrenergic receptors is true? A) They are proteins in the plasma membrane. B) When activated, cAMP levels are affected. C) Epinephrine activates both alpha and beta types. D) Norepinephrine activates mainly the alpha type. E) All of the answers are correct.
All of the answers are correct.
98) Describe an intramural ganglion. (Module 14.3B) A) An intramural ganglion is a group of neurons located near the brainstem. B) An intramural ganglion is a group of neurons located near the spinal cord. C) An intramural ganglion is a group of neurons located near the target organ. D) An intramural ganglion is a group of neurons embedded in the tissues of the target organ.
An intramural ganglion is a group of neurons embedded in the tissues of the target organ.
110) Define baroreceptors. Where are baroreceptors located within the body? (Module 14.10A) A) Baroreceptors are thermoreceptors that detect changes in temperature. They are primarily located in the skin and hypothalamus. B) Baroreceptors are stretch receptors that detect changes in pressure. They are located along the digestive tract, within the walls of the urinary bladder, in the carotid and aortic sinuses, and in the lungs. C) Baroreceptors are chemoreceptors that detect changes in oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations. They are located within the medulla oblongata and in the carotid and aortic bodies.
Baroreceptors are stretch receptors that detect changes in pressure. They are located along the digestive tract, within the walls of the urinary bladder, in the carotid and aortic sinuses, and in the lungs
39) All of the following are properly paired except A) reticular formation - located in the medulla oblongata. B) gracile nucleus - relays somatic sensory information to the thalamus. C) ascending tracts - carry motor information to the thalamus. D) cuneate nucleus - relays somatic sensory information to the thalamus.
C) ascending tracts - carry motor information to the thalamus.
43) ________ is the term used to describe the crossing over of a tract to the side of the nervous system opposite to where the axons originated. A) Ascending B) Descending C) Decussation D) Relaying E) Coordinating
Decussation
106) Define dual innervation. (Module 14.8A) A) Dual innervation means that a given body system sends both sensory impulses and receives motor commands. B) Dual innervation means that a given body system receives instructions from both the central and peripheral nervous systems. C) Dual innervation means that sensory neurons and motor neurons are present in the tissue. D) Dual innervation means that a given body system has twice the amount of neural stimulation needed to produce an action. E) Dual innervation means that a given body system receives instructions from both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS.
Dual innervation means that a given body system receives instructions from both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS.
121) If the corpus callosum is surgically cut, which of the following is not true? A) The two cerebral hemispheres operate independently. B) Objects viewed by the left eye can be verbally identified. C) Objects touched by the left hand could be recognized but not verbally identified. D) Conscious decisions are made without regard to sensations from the left side. E) Faces seen by the left eye cannot be identified.
Faces seen by the left eye cannot be identified.
130) The cranial nerves that innervate the eye muscles are A) I, II, and III. B) III, IV, and VI. C) II, III, and IV.
III, IV, and VI.
133) Gustatory information reaches the brain by way of cranial nerve A) I. B) II. C) X. D) IV. E) IX.
IX. 9
94) Compare the anatomy of the sympathetic division with that of the parasympathetic division. (Module 14.2B) A) In the SNS, axons emerge from the thoracic and lumbar segments of the spinal cord and innervate ganglia relatively close to the spinal cord. In the PNS, axons emerge from the brainstem and sacral segments of the spinal cord and innervate ganglia very close to or within the target organs. B) In the SNS, axons emerge from the brainstem and sacral segments of the spinal cord and innervate ganglia relatively close to the spinal cord. In the PNS, axons emerge from the thoracic and lumbar segments of the spinal cord and innervate ganglia very close to or within the target organs.
In the SNS, axons emerge from the thoracic and lumbar segments of the spinal cord and innervate ganglia relatively close to the spinal cord. In the PNS, axons emerge from the brainstem and sacral segments of the spinal cord and innervate ganglia very close to or within the target organs.
9) Which of the following is true for the craniosacral division? A) It is also called the sympathetic division of the ANS. B) It is also called the parasympathetic division of the ANS. C) It is referred to the ʺfight or flightʺ division. D) It is a division of the visceral sensory nervous system. E) It is included solely in the peripheral nervous system.
It is also called the parasympathetic division of the ANS.
103) Compare nicotinic receptors and muscarinic receptors. (Module 14.6B) A) Nicotinic receptors are acetylcholine receptors on the surface of sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglionic cells. Muscarinic receptors are acetylcholine G protein-coupled receptors located at all parasympathetic neuromuscular and neuroglandular junctions, and at a few sympathetic neuromuscular and neuroglandular junctions. B) Nicotinic receptors are acetylcholine G protein-coupled receptors located at all parasympathetic neuromuscular and neuroglandular junctions, and at a few sympathetic neuromuscular and neuroglandular junctions. Muscarinic receptors are acetylcholine receptors on the surface of sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglionic cells.
Nicotinic receptors are acetylcholine receptors on the surface of sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglionic cells. Muscarinic receptors are acetylcholine G protein-coupled receptors located at all parasympathetic neuromuscular and neuroglandular junctions, and at a few sympathetic neuromuscular and neuroglandular junctions.
49) Which of the following statements concerning the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is false? A) Preganglionic neurons are located in the brainstem and sacral region of the spinal cord. B) Ganglionic neurons are located in ganglia within or near to effectors. C) Preganglionic fibers are relatively short and postganglionic fibers are relatively long.
Preganglionic fibers are relatively short and postganglionic fibers are relatively long.
108) Compare short reflexes with long reflexes. (Module 14.9B) A) Short reflexes are autonomic responses that bypass the CNS, whereas long reflexes involve interneurons within the CNS and autonomic delivery of motor commands to the effectors. B) Short reflexes involve interneurons within the CNS and autonomic delivery of motor commands to the effectors, whereas long reflexes are autonomic responses that bypass the CNS.
Short reflexes are autonomic responses that bypass the CNS, whereas long reflexes involve interneurons within the CNS and autonomic delivery of motor commands to the effectors.
105) Identify somatic effectors and visceral effectors. (Module 14.7C) A) Somatic effectors are skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle. Visceral effectors are glands and adipose tissue. B) Somatic effectors are glands and adipose tissue. Visceral effectors are skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle. C) Somatic effectors are smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands, and adipose tissue. Visceral effectors are skeletal muscle. D) Somatic effectors are skeletal muscle. Visceral effectors are smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands, and adipose tissue.
Somatic effectors are skeletal muscle. Visceral effectors are smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands, and adipose tissue.
99) Define splanchnic nerves. (Module 14.4A) C) Splanchnic nerves carry sacral parasympathetic output. D) Splanchnic nerves form a collection of three cervical sympathetic ganglia (superior, middle, and inferior). E) Splanchnic nerves are three groups of nerves — cardiopulmonary, abdominopelvic (greater, lesser, and lumbar), and pelvic (sacral) — that supply the viscera.
Splanchnic nerves are three groups of nerves — cardiopulmonary, abdominopelvic (greater, lesser, and lumbar), and pelvic (sacral) — that supply the viscera.
95) Describe the ENS. (Module 14.2C) C) The ENS is a division of the nervous system that involves the voluntary movements of the skeletal muscle. D) The ENS is a division of the nervous system that uses spinal reflexes to mediate changes in the effectors. E) The ENS is a division of the nervous system consisting of a network of neurons and nerve networks in the walls of the digestive tract that primarily operates locally, without instructions from the CNS.
The ENS is a division of the nervous system consisting of a network of neurons and nerve networks in the walls of the digestive tract that primarily operates locally, without instructions from the CNS.
90) Compare the SNS with the ANS. (Module 14.1A) A) The SNS consists of the brain and spinal cord. The ANS provides conscious and subconscious control over skeletal muscles. B) The SNS provides conscious and subconscious control over skeletal muscles. The ANS consists of the brain and spinal cord. C) The SNS provides conscious and subconscious control over skeletal muscles. The ANS controls the visceral effectors: smooth muscle, glands, cardiac muscle, and adipocytes.
The SNS provides conscious and subconscious control over skeletal muscles. The ANS controls the visceral effectors: smooth muscle, glands, cardiac muscle, and adipocytes.
92) Explain the function of autonomic ganglia. (Module 14.1C) A) They are part of visceral reflex arcs, and most of their activity is a direct reflex response, rather than responses to commands from the hypothalamus. B) They are part of the visceral motor neurons in peripheral ganglia. C) They are ganglionic neurons that innervate visceral effectors.
They are ganglionic neurons that innervate visceral effectors.
109) Describe the solitary nuclei. (Module 14.9C) A) They are large tracts of white matter that link the brain with the spinal cord. B) They are large tracts of white matter that relay sensory information to the cerebellum. C) They are large masses of gray matter in the pons that control respiratory rhythmicity centers. D) They are large masses of gray matter on each side of the medulla oblongata that serve as processing sorting centers for visceral sensory information.
They are large masses of gray matter on each side of the medulla oblongata that serve as processing sorting centers for visceral sensory information.
91) Describe the role of preganglionic neurons. (Module 14.1B) A) They are part of visceral reflex arcs, and most of their activity is a direct reflex response, rather than responses to commands from the hypothalamus. B) They are part of the visceral motor neurons in peripheral ganglia.
They are part of visceral reflex arcs, and most of their activity is a direct reflex response, rather than responses to commands from the hypothalamus.
42) Which neurotransmitter is released at the sympathetic chain ganglia? A) norepinephrine B) dopamine C) acetylcholine D) endorphin E) All of the answers are correct.
acetylcholine
43) Postganglionic sympathetic axons release the neurotransmitter ________ at their effector junctions. A) acetylcholine B) nitric oxide C) norepinephrine D) acetylcholine or nitric oxide or norepinephrine E) None of the answers is correct.
acetylcholine or nitric oxide or norepinephrine
62) An inhaler used to treat airway constriction in asthma or allergy might contain a drug that A) activates β1 adrenergic receptors. B) activates β2 adrenergic receptors. C) blocks muscarinic cholinergic receptors. D) activates β1 or β2 adrenergic receptors. E) activates β2 adrenergic receptors or blocks muscarinic cholinergic receptors.
activates β2 adrenergic receptors or blocks muscarinic cholinergic receptors.
16) Specialized ganglionic sympathetic neurons that release hormones into the bloodstream are found within the A) intramural ganglia. B) collateral ganglia. C) chain ganglia. D) brainstem. E) adrenal glands.
adrenal glands
52) Neurons that use norepinephrine as a transmitter are called A) cholinergic. B) adrenergic. C) nicotinic. D) muscarinic.
adrenergic
77) Autonomic tone is an important aspect of ANS function because it A) allows ANS neurons to be silent under normal conditions. B) allows ANS neurons to increase activity on demand but not decrease their activity. C) allows ANS neurons to decrease their activity on demand but not increase their activity. D) allows ANS neurons to increase or decrease their activity, providing a range of control options.
allows ANS neurons to increase or decrease their activity, providing a range of control options.
88) The ________ is located at the tip of the tail of the caudate nucleus. A) amygdaloid body B) thalamus C) lentiform nucleus D) globus pallidus E) putamen
amygdaloid body
116) Jane suffers from chronic seizures and in order to control the problem undergoes surgery in which the fibers of the corpus callosum are cut. As a result of this surgery she would likely be unable to A) speak. B) move her left arm. C) analyze by touch an object in her right hand. D) recognize written words. E) touch her nose with her eyes closed.
analyze by touch an object in her right hand.
59) A neuron with nicotinic receptors is exposed to acetylcholine. This will not lead to A) activation of chemically gated ion channels. B) excitation of the neuron. C) entry of sodium ion. D) binding of the nicotine to the channel.
binding of the nicotine to the channel.
26) The neural tissue is isolated from the general circulation by the A) dura mater. B) choroid plexuses. C) arachnoid granulations. D) meninges. E) blood-brain barrier.
blood-brain barrier.
80) A decrease in the autonomic tone of the smooth muscle in a blood vessel would result in A) an increase in vessel diameter. B) a decrease in vessel diameter. C) oscillation in vessel diameter. D) an increase in blood flow through the vessel. E) both an increase in vessel diameter and an increase in blood flow through the vessel.
both an increase in vessel diameter and an increase in blood flow through the vessel.
87) In which of the following organs are both chemoreceptors and baroreceptors associated with respiratory autonomic reflexes? A) only lungs B) only aorta C) only carotid arteries D) both lungs and aorta E) both aorta and carotid arteries
both aorta and carotid arteries
41) The adrenal medullae secrete A) medullin. B) epinephrine. C) norepinephrine. D) renin. E) both epinephrine and norepinephrine.
both epinephrine and norepinephrine.
10) Cell bodies of preganglionic neurons of the autonomic nervous system are located A) only in the brain stem. B) only in the lateral gray horns of the spinal cord. C) only in the posterior gray horns of the spinal cord. D) both in the brain stem and in the lateral gray horns of the spinal cord.
both in the brain stem and in the lateral gray horns of the spinal cord.
113) As you ascend from the medulla oblongata to the cerebrum, the functions of each successive level become A) more complex. B) simpler. C) better understood. D) less crucial to visceral functions. E) both more complex and less crucial to visceral functions.
both more complex and less crucial to visceral functions.
30) Sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers that innervate the heart pass through the A) celiac plexus. B) hypogastric plexus. C) cardiac plexus. D) pterygopalatine ganglia. E) otic ganglia.
cardiac plexus.
100) Name the plexuses innervated by the vagus nerve. (Module 14.4B) A) brachial, lumbar, and sacral plexuses B) sacral and pelvic plexuses C) cardiac, celiac, inferior mesenteric, and hypogastric plexuses
cardiac, celiac, inferior mesenteric, and hypogastric plexuses
14) Clusters of ganglionic sympathetic neurons lying along either side of the spinal cord are called sympathetic ________ ganglia. A) intramural B) collateral C) chain D) prevertebral E) suprarenal
chain
111) Which type of receptor is sensitive to changes in blood pH? (Module 14.10B) A) baroreceptors B) proprioceptors C) photoreceptors D) chemoreceptors E) mechanoreceptors
chemoreceptors
15) Clusters of ganglionic sympathetic neurons that innervate organs in the abdominopelvic region are called ________ ganglia. A) intramural B) collateral C) chain
collateral
6) Autonomic motor neurons A) cause general relaxation. B) cause general excitation. C) conduct impulses from sensory receptors. D) conduct impulses to skeletal muscles. E) conduct impulses to smooth and cardiac muscles and glands.
conduct impulses to smooth and cardiac muscles and glands.
22) Splanchnic nerves A) originate from first-order neurons located in the upper five thoracic segments of the spinal cord. B) consist of axons that synapse in collateral ganglia. C) control sympathetic function of structures in the thorax.
consist of axons that synapse in collateral ganglia.
73) During sympathetic activation, which of the following would not occur? A) elevated heart rate B) elevated blood pressure C) increased sweating D) elevated blood glucose E) constriction of pupil
constriction of pupil
69) Which of the following is a property of the mammillary bodies? A) controls feeding reflexes like swallowing and licking B) responsible for auditory reflexes C) located posterior to the pons D) connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland E) secretes melatonin
controls feeding reflexes like swallowing and licking
12) Which of the following is improperly paired? A) falx cerebri — a fold of dura mater between the cerebral hemispheres B) septum pellucidum — a thin partition that separates the two lateral ventricles C) corpus callosum — thick tract of gray matter that connects the two cerebral hemispheres
corpus callosum — thick tract of gray matter that connects the two cerebral hemispheres
50) Each of the following effects is associated with the action of postganglionic sympathetic fibers except A) increased sweat secretion. B) reduced circulation to the skin. C) decreased heart rate. D) dilation of the pupils. E) increased blood flow to skeletal muscles.
decreased heart rate.
83) Which of the following is an example of a parasympathetic visceral reflex? A) defecation reflex B) cardioacceleratory reflex C) pupillary reflex D) ejaculation (in males) in response to tactile stimuli E) vasomotor reflex
defecation reflex
2) Which of the following lies between the cerebrum and the brainstem? A) medulla oblongata B) pons C) midbrain D) diencephalon E) cerebellum
diencephalon
3) Which of the following is improperly paired? A) telencephalon — will form the cerebrum B) diencephalon — becomes the ventricle C) mesencephalon — also called the midbrain D) metencephalon — will form the cerebellum and pons E) myelencephalon — will form the medullar oblongata
diencephalon — becomes the ventricle
33) As CSF circulates, ________ between it and the interstitial fluid of the CNS is unrestricted between and across the ependymal cells. A) osmosis B) perfusion C) diffusion D) convection E) conduction
diffusion
71) The parasympathetic nervous system is especially active during which physiological state(s)? A) exertion B) trauma C) digestion D) stress E) All of the answers are correct.
digestion
20) Injury to the neurons of a collateral ganglion would affect the function of the A) heart. B) pupils. C) sweat glands. D) digestive tract. E) arrector pili muscles.
digestive tract.
39) Damage to the ventral roots of the first five thoracic spinal nerves on the right side of the body would interfere with the ability to A) dilate the right pupil. B) constrict the right pupil. C) dilate the left pupil. D) constrict the left pupil. E) smile and frown.
dilate the right pupil
74) Parasympathetic functions include all of the following except A) reduction in the rate of cardiac contraction. B) constriction of the pupils. C) dilation of the airways. D) stimulation of urination. E) stimulation of defecation.
dilation of the airways.
79) Most vital organs receive ________ innervation. That is, they receive input from both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. A) opposing B) complementary C) dual
dual
18) The dural sinuses are located in the A) paranasal cavity. B) arachnoid mater. C) pia mater. D) dural folds. E) tentorium cerebelli.
dural folds.
127) A(n) ________ is a printed record of the brainʹs electrical activity over a period of time. A) electrocardiogram B) electroencephalogram C) X-ray D) MRI E) CT scan
electroencephalogram
27) Specialized ________ cells form the secretory component of the choroid plexus. A) astrocyte B) ependymal C) neuron D) microglia E) oligodendrocyte
ependymal
60) Drugs known as beta-blockers may be useful for treating A) constipation. B) diarrhea. C) excessive salivation. D) excessive heart rate. E) depressed heart rate.
excessive heart rate.
16) Two large venous sinuses, the sagittal sinuses, lie within a dural fold called the A) tentorium cerebelli. B) falx cerebelli. C) lateral aperture. D) falx cerebri. E) arachnoid granulations.
falx cerebri
61) Mary accidentally ate poisonous mushrooms that contain muscarine. What would not occur? A) constriction of the pupils B) constriction of respiratory passageways C) diarrhea D) reduction in heart rate E) feeling of euphoria and increased energy
feeling of euphoria and increased energy
83) Which of the following is not a property of the limbic system? A) contains cerebral and diencephalic components B) functions in maintaining homeostasis in cold weather C) located between the border of the cerebrum and diencephalon D) links conscious functions of the cerebral cortex with unconscious functions of the brainstem
functions in maintaining homeostasis in cold weather
4) Preganglionic fibers leave the CNS and then synapse on A) postganglionic fibers. B) visceral reflex responses. C) motor neurons. D) ganglionic neurons. E) sensory neuron neurons
ganglionic neurons.
82) Which of the following is not a component of the limbic system? A) amygdaloid body B) cingulate gyrus C) globus pallidus D) hippocampus E) fornix
globus pallidus
32) Which structure carries postganglionic fibers for distribution in the body wall and limbs? A) gray ramus B) dorsal ramus C) spinal nerve
gray ramus
50) The cerebellum adjusts motor activity in response to all of the following except A) tactile sensations. B) visual information. C) equilibrium-related sensations. D) gustatory information. E) proprioceptor information.
gustatory information.
76) Stimulation of the neurons in the celiac ganglion would lead to A) relaxation of the urinary sphincter. B) increased heart rate. C) hydrolysis of liver glycogen reserves. D) activation of ventral sweat glands. E) increased gastric motility.
hydrolysis of liver glycogen reserves.
54) Stimulation of the beta receptors on heart muscle cells does not result in A) the formation of cAMP. B) increased heart rate. C) increased force of contraction. D) increased metabolism. E) inactivation of G proteins.
inactivation of G proteins.
58) Stimulation of the reticular formation results in A) increased consciousness. B) sleep. C) coma. D) decreased cerebral function. E) All of the above.
increased consciousness.
89) Which of the following would be an example of higher-level control of autonomic function? A) gagging on food that does not appeal to you B) a violent coughing attack in response to an irritant C) increased heart rate when you see a person you fear D) dilation of the pupils when you enter a dark room E) increased salivation when you smell food that appeals to you
increased heart rate when you see a person you fear
93) Excitation of neurons in the basal nuclei would lead to A) increased muscle tone. B) loss of consciousness. C) inability to sense pain. D) sexual arousal. E) involuntary speech production.
increased muscle tone.
72) Sympathetic activation leads to all of the following except A) vasoconstriction to digestive organs. B) vasodilation to skeletal muscle. C) increased heart rate. D) increased release of insulin. E) increase in alertness.
increased release of insulin.
69) Parasympathetic stimulation A) increases heart rate. B) increases gastric motility. C) causes sweat glands to secrete. D) causes blood vessels in the skin to dilate. E) causes the pupils to dilate.
increases gastric motility.
23) Sympathetic innervation of the urinary bladder is by way of the ________ ganglion. A) celiac B) superior mesenteric C) inferior mesenteric
inferior mesenteric
66) The ________, a narrow stalk, connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland. A) thalamus B) infundibulum C) brain stem D) mammillary body E) anterior commissure
infundibulum
98) The region of the cerebral cortex that is medial and deep to the temporal lobe is the A) parietal lobe. B) temporal lobe. C) frontal lobe. D) occipital lobe. E) insula.
insula.
72) The medial nuclei of the thalamus A) are part of the limbic system. B) integrate sensory information for relay to the frontal lobes. C) produce the hormone oxytocin. D) process visual information.
integrate sensory information for relay to the frontal lobes.
112) ________ centers receive information from many association areas and direct extremely complex motor activities such as speech. A) Frontal B) Integrative C) Communication D) Terminal E) Vocal
integrative
13) Each lateral ventricle communicates with the third ventricle through a(n) A) septum pellucidum. B) cerebral aqueduct. C) aqueduct of midbrain. D) interventricular foramen. E) medulla oblongata.
interventricular foramen.
19) The celiac ganglia do not innervate the A) liver. B) spleen. C) stomach. D) pancreas. E) intestines.
intestines.
38) Preganglionic fibers of parasympathetic pelvic nerves synapse on neurons located within ________ ganglia. A) pterygopalatine B) ciliary C) coccygeal D) inferior mesenteric E) intramural
intramural
22) Cerebrospinal fluid A) is secreted by ependymal cells. B) is formed by a passive process. C) is normally produced twice as fast as it is removed. .
is secreted by ependymal cells.
36) Injury to the cervical sympathetic ganglia would not affect the function of the A) heart. B) pupils. C) salivary glands. D) lungs. E) lacrimal glands.
lacrimal glands.
5) Male brains are typically ________ compared to female brains. A) larger B) smaller C) the same size D) very smooth E) more convoluted
larger
24) Cerebrospinal fluid enters the subarachnoid space through the A) interventricular foramina. B) cerebral aqueduct. C) dural sinus. D) lateral and median apertures. E) falx cerebri.
lateral and median apertures.
40) Preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system are located in the A) lateral gray horns of the cervical cord. B) anterior gray horns of the cervical and thoracic spinal cord. C) lateral gray horns of segments T1 to L2 of the spinal cord.
lateral gray horns of segments T1 to L2 of the spinal cord.
37) As the result of an accident, the white rami of spinal nerves T1 and T2 on the left side of Bradʹs body are severed. What organ(s) would you expect might be affected by this injury? A) left pupil B) right pupil C) heart D) left and right pupil E) left pupil and heart
left pupil and heart
89) The putamen and globus pallidus are considered subdivisions of the A) caudate nucleus. B) claustrum. C) lentiform nucleus. D) corpus striatum. E) limbic system.
lentiform nucleus.
94) Divisions of the cerebral hemispheres that are named after the overlying skull bones are A) fissures. B) sinuses. C) lobes. D) sulci. E) gyri.
lobes
47) In general, parasympathetic preganglionic fibers are ________ and postganglionic fibers are ________. A) long; short B) short; long C) long; long D) short; short
long; short
122) The ________ connect the frontal lobe to the other lobes of the same hemisphere. A) arcuate fibers B) longitudinal fasciculi C) commissural fibers D) fibers of the corpus callosum E) fibers of the anterior commissure
longitudinal fasciculi
24) The sympathetic collateral ganglia include all of the following except the A) celiac. B) superior mesenteric. C) inferior mesenteric. D) lumbar
lumbar
74) The posterior nuclei of the thalamus include all of the following areas except A) pulvinar. B) lateral geniculate. C) medial geniculate. D) mammillary bodies.
mammillary bodies.
132) Sensory innervation of the lower teeth and gums is by the ________ nerve. A) ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal B) maxillary branch of the trigeminal C) mandibular branch of the trigeminal D) glossopharyngeal E) hypoglossal
mandibular branch of the trigeminal
11) Autonomic centers that control blood pressure, heart rate, and digestion are located in the A) medulla oblongata. B) pons. C) midbrain. D) diencephalon. E) cerebellum.
medulla oblongata.
53) The tract that links the cerebellum with the pons is the A) superior cerebellar peduncle. B) inferior cerebellar peduncle. C) middle cerebellar peduncle. D) longitudinal fibers. E) obverse fibers.
middle cerebellar peduncle.
64) Sweat glands contain ________ receptors. A) nicotinic cholinergic B) muscarinic cholinergic C) alpha D) beta E) both muscarinic cholinergic and beta
muscarinic cholinergic
44) Which of the following is not found in the medulla oblongata? A) reticular formation. B) respiratory rhythmicity centers. C) solitary nucleus. D) nuclei for CN V, VI, and VII. E) olivary nucleus.
nuclei for CN V, VI, and VII.
137) Olfactory receptors send axons through the cribriform plate and synapse on neurons in the A) medulla. B) thalamus. C) cerebral cortex. D) olfactory bulb. E) olfactory tract.
olfactory bulb.
55) Nicotinic receptors A) respond to epinephrine. B) respond to norepinephrine. C) open chemically gated sodium ion channels. D) are found at neuroeffector junctions of the autonomic nervous system. E) open chemically gated calcium ion channels.
open chemically gated sodium ion channels.
65) The superior colliculi receive visual input from the lateral geniculate nuclei via the A) substantia nigra. B) red nuclei. C) cerebral peduncles. D) optic tract. E) inferior colliculi.
optic tract.
85) Baroreceptors are not found in the A) digestive tract. B) lungs. C) colon. D) aorta. E) oral cavity.
oral cavity.
13) The ________ division of the autonomic nervous system is known as the ʺrest and digestʺ division. A) sympathetic B) parasympathetic C) thoracolumbar D) visceral E) somatomotor
parasympathetic
97) The region(s) of the cerebral cortex superior to the lateral sulcus is the A) parietal lobe. B) temporal lobe. C) frontal lobe. D) occipital lobe. E) parietal lobe and the frontal lobe.
parietal lobe and the frontal lobe.
95) The cerebral area posterior to the central sulcus is the A) parietal lobe. B) temporal lobe. C) frontal lobe. D) occipital lobe.
parietal lobe.
28) Intramural ganglia in the large intestine, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs are innervated by the ________ nerves. A) spinal B) splanchnic C) ciliary D) pelvic E) collateral
pelvic
19) What structure is covered by many blood vessels and adheres tightly to the surface of the brain? A) pia mater B) arachnoid mater C) dura mater D) falx cerebelli E) choroid plexus
pia mater
108) Damage to the somatic motor association area of the frontal lobe would interfere with the ability to A) understand written words. B) understand spoken words. C) understand visual images. D) play the piano. E) sense the texture of velvet.
play the piano.
10) The tracts that connect the cerebellum to the brainstem are located in the A) medulla oblongata. B) pons. C) midbrain. D) diencephalon. E) thalamus.
pons
99) The primary motor cortex is the surface of the A) insula. B) precentral gyrus. C) postcentral gyrus. D) arcuate gyrus. E) corpus callosum.
precentral gyrus.
104) The region of the brain responsible for predicting the consequence of events or actions is the A) prefrontal cerebral cortex. B) occipital association cortex. C) reticular formation.
prefrontal cerebral cortex.
2) A visceral motor neuron whose cell body is within the CNS is called a(n) ________ neuron. A) upper motor B) lower motor C) preganglionic D) postganglionic E) somatomotor
preganglionic
97) Starting in the spinal cord, trace the path of a nerve impulse through the sympathetic ANS to its target organ in the abdominal cavity. (Module 14.3A) A) preganglionic neurons (T1-L2) — collateral ganglia — ganglionic neurons — visceral effectors in abdominopelvic cavity B) preganglionic neurons (S2-S4) — collateral ganglia — ganglionic neurons — visceral effectors in abdominopelvic cavity C) collateral ganglia — preganglionic neurons (T1-L2) — ganglionic neurons — visceral effectors in abdominopelvic cavity
preganglionic neurons (T1-L2) — collateral ganglia — ganglionic neurons — visceral effectors in abdominopelvic cavity
100) The surface of the postcentral gyrus contains the ________ cortex. A) primary sensory B) primary motor C) visual D) olfactory E) auditory
primary sensory
70) Which of the following is a function of the thalamus? A) secretes cerebrospinal fluid B) secretes melatonin C) processes sensory information and relays it to the cerebrum D) stores memories E) regulates food intake
processes sensory information and relays it to the cerebrum
73) The ventral nuclei of the thalamus perform all of the following functions except A) relaying input from basal ganglia to the motor areas of the cerebral cortex. B) relaying input from cerebellum to the motor areas of the cerebral cortex. C) relaying general sensory input to the primary sensory cortex. D) projecting visual and auditory information to the visual and auditory cortices.
projecting visual and auditory information to the visual and auditory cortices.
78) All of the following are a function of the hypothalamus except A) coordinating day-night cycles of activity/inactivity. B) controlling autonomic centers. C) regulating body temperature. D) secreting hormones. E) projecting visual information to the visual cortex
projecting visual information to the visual cortex
1) Which of the following is not one of the main divisions of the adult brain? A) cerebrum B) diencephalon C) prosencephalon D) midbrain E) pons
prosencephalon
91) The basal nuclei A) plan and coordinate voluntary muscle activity. B) provide the general pattern and rhythm for movements such as walking. C) coordinate sensory information. D) control the secretions of the pituitary gland. E) control respiration and blood pressure.
provide the general pattern and rhythm for movements such as walking.
30) Which of the following is not a function of cerebrospinal fluid? A) provides cushioning for delicate neural tissues B) provides buoyant support for the brain C) acts as a transport medium for nutrients D) provides ATP for impulse transmission E) acts as a transport medium for waste products
provides ATP for impulse transmission
84) Which of the following visceral reflexes is not coordinated by the medulla oblongata? A) swallowing reflex B) baroreceptor reflex C) coughing reflex D) cardioacceleratory reflex E) pupillary reflex
pupillary reflex
45) The pons contains all of the following structures except the A) sensory and motor nuclei for cranial nerves V, VI, VII, and VIII. B) nuclei concerned with the control of respiration. C) tracts that link the cerebellum with the brainstem. D) transverse fibers that link the pons with the cerebellum. E) pyramids that contain motor tracts originating in the cerebral cortex.
pyramids that contain motor tracts originating in the cerebral cortex.
63) Damage to the superior colliculi would interfere with the reflex ability to A) express rage. B) voluntarily move the arm. C) react to a bright light. D) react to loud noises. E) maintain proper posture.
react to a bright light.
80) Damage to the preoptic area of the hypothalamus leads to which problem? A) an intense thirst B) an uncontrolled sex drive C) reduced ability to regulate body temperature D) an insatiable appetite E) production of a large volume of urine
reduced ability to regulate body temperature
41) The respiratory rhythmicity center is located in the A) reticular formation of the pons. B) left cerebral hemisphere. C) reflex centers of the medulla oblongata. D) arbor vitae of the cerebellum. E) substantia nigra of the midbrain.
reflex centers of the medulla oblongata.
79) Which of the following hypothalamic functions is incorrect? A) regulate lactation — preoptic region B) secrete oxytocin — paraventricular nucleus C) control feeding reflexes — mammillary bodies D) control heart rate and blood pressure — autonomic centers E) secrete antidiuretic hormone — supra-optic nucleus
regulate lactation — preoptic region
67) Ganglionic neurons in the adrenal gland A) are located in the adrenal cortex. B) release acetylcholine into blood capillaries. C) release epinephrine into blood capillaries.
release epinephrine into blood capillaries.
57) The stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors does not lead to A) an increase in metabolic activity. B) relaxation of airway smooth muscle. C) the breakdown of triglycerides within adipocytes. D) cardiac muscle stimulation. E) release of calcium from the ER.
release of calcium from the ER.
53) Stimulation of α1 adrenergic receptors by norepinephrine results in A) an increase in the amount of intracellular cAMP. B) a decrease in the amount of intracellular cAMP. C) decreased membrane permeability to sodium ion. D) release of calcium ions from intracellular stores. E) increased membrane permeability to potassium ions.
release of calcium ions from intracellular stores.
64) The midbrain contains the headquarters of the ________, a specialized component of the reticular formation that controls alertness and attention. A) cardiovascular control center B) reticular activating system C) respiratory rhythmicity center D) tectum E) tegmentum
reticular activating system
33) Which of the following is exclusive to the sympathetic division of the ANS? A) ventral roots B) dorsal rami C) spinal nerves D) ventral rami E) short pre-ganglionic fibers
short pre-ganglionic fibers
5) Ganglionic neurons innervate as all of the following except A) smooth muscle. B) cardiac muscle. C) adipose tissue. D) glands. E) skeletal muscle.
skeletal muscle
149) You suspect your friend has damage to cranial nerve I when he is unable to A) smell his food. B) smile. C) blink his eyes. D) nod his head. E) see.
smell his food.
86) Chemoreceptors that play an important role in reflexive control of respiratory function are not affected by A) pH. B) PO2. C) PCO2. D) hydrogen ion concentration. E) sodium ion concentration.
sodium ion concentration.
104) Name the two types of motor pathways. (Module 14.7B) A) sympathetic and parasympathetic B) sensory and somatosensory C) somatic and visceral D) peripheral and visceral E) external and internal
somatic and visceral
34) Two terms that both refer to internal organs are A) sympathetic and parasympathetic. B) viscera and somatic. C) splanchnic and ganglionic. D) splanchnic and viscera. E) somatic and preganglionic.
splanchnic and viscera.
29) Preganglionic fibers that innervate the collateral ganglia form the A) suprarenal medulla. B) celiac ganglia. C) sympathetic chain ganglia. D) inferior mesenteric ganglia. E) splanchnic nerves.
splanchnic nerves.
78) A person is confronted by a dangerous dog. His heart begins to race and beat strongly, his pupils dilate, and his hairs stand up. These signs are not the result of A) sympathetic activation. B) increased levels of epinephrine in the blood. C) increased activity of autonomic centers in the hypothalamus. D) stimulation of the cardioacceleratory reflex. E) stimulation of the pancreas to release insulin.
stimulation of the pancreas to release insulin.
21) What contains a spider web-like network of cells and fibers through which cerebrospinal fluid flows? A) subdural space B) dural sinus C) falx cerebri D) subarachnoid space E) pia mater
subarachnoid space
61) Examination of a tissue sample from the central nervous system reveals many darkly pigmented cells. This tissue probably came from the A) nucleus gracilis. B) nucleus cuneatus. C) motor cortex. D) substantia nigra. E) red nucleus.
substantia nigra
25) Cerebrospinal fluid enters the blood circulation at the A) jugular veins. B) dural drain. C) superior sagittal sinus. D) tentorium cerebelli. E) frontal sinus.
superior sagittal sinus.
6) During embryonic development, which of the following secondary brain vesicles will form the cerebrum? A) telencephalon B) diencephalon C) midbrain D) metencephalon E) myelencephalon
telencephalon
31) Which of these is mismatched with its location? A) falx cerebri; between cerebral hemispheres B) tentorium cerebelli; between cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum C) falx cerebelli; between cerebellar hemispheres D) superior sagittal sinus; runs along superior edge of the corpus callosum
superior sagittal sinus; runs along superior edge of the corpus callosum
77) Which of the following is incorrect? A) pulvinar nuclei — integrates sensory information for projection to the association areas of the cerebral cortex B) lateral geniculate nuclei — projects visual information to primary visual cortex C) medial geniculate nuclei — projects auditory information to primary auditory cortex D) preoptic area — regulates body temperature E) suprachiasmatic nuclei — secretes ADH
suprachiasmatic nuclei — secretes ADH
17) Postganglionic fibers that innervate targets in the body wall or thoracic cavity originate on neurons within A) intramural ganglia. B) collateral ganglia. C) sympathetic chain ganglia. D) suprarenal ganglia. E) white rami.
sympathetic chain ganglia.
96) Which division of the ANS is responsible for the physiological changes you experience when startled by a loud noise? (Module 14.2D) A) enteric division of the ANS B) sympathetic division of the ANS C) parasympathetic division of the ANS D) central division of the ANS E) effector division of the ANS
sympathetic division of the ANS
70) In general, autonomic tone of peripheral blood vessels increases when A) sympathetic stimulation is increased. B) sympathetic stimulation is decreased. C) parasympathetic stimulation is increased. D) parasympathetic stimulation is decreased. E) somatomotor stimulation is increased.
sympathetic stimulation is increased.
32) All of the following help(s) to directly protect the brain except A) the blood-brain barrier. B) the bones of the skull. C) the cranial meninges. D) the CSF. E) the neural tubes.
the neural tubes.
8) The sympathetic division of the ANS is also known as which of the following? A) somatic division B) craniosacral division C) resting division D) thoracolumbar division
thoracolumbar division
135) The Roman numeral V indicates the ________ nerve. A) trigeminal B) trochlear C) abduces D) oculomotor E) vestibulocochlear
trigeminal
1) The statement ʺThere is always a synapse in a peripheral ganglion between the CNS and the effector organʺ is A) true only for the parasympathetic nervous system. B) true only for the sympathetic nervous system. C) true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.
true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.
11) The statement ʺIt sends its preganglionic fibers to terminal or intramural gangliaʺ is A) true only for the parasympathetic nervous system. B) true only for the sympathetic nervous system.
true only for the parasympathetic nervous system.
18) The statement ʺIts ganglia are usually near or within the end organʺ is A) true only for the parasympathetic nervous system. B) true only for the sympathetic nervous system. C) true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.
true only for the parasympathetic nervous system.
26) Almost 75 percent of all parasympathetic outflow travels along the ________ nerve(s). A) splanchnic B) facial C) vagus D) glossopharyngeal E) trigeminal
vagus
Difficulty in swallowing may be a sign of damage to which cranial nerve(s)? A) vagus B) facial C) glossopharyngeal D) trochlear E) vagus and glossopharyngeal
vagus and glossopharyngeal
101) Which nerve carries most of the parasympathetic outflow? (Module 14.4C) A) occulomotor nerve B) facial nerve C) glossopharyngeal nerve D) vagus nerve E) abducens nerve
vagus nerve
35) Which of the following provides preganglionic parasympathetic innervation to structures in the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities? A) vagus nerves B) sciatic nerves C) glossopharyngeal nerves
vagus nerves
23) Absorption at the arachnoid granulations returns CSF to the A) third ventricle. B) arterial circulation. C) venous circulation. D) fourth ventricle. E) central canal.
venous circulation.
106) Integrative centers concerned with the performance of complex processes are restricted to either the left or the right hemisphere. These complex processes include all of the following except A) speech. B) writing. C) mathematical computation. D) understanding spatial relationships. E) vision.
vision.
62) Damage to the corpora quadrigemina would interfere with A) control of muscle tone. B) regulation of body temperature. C) visual and auditory reflex movements of the head and neck. D) subconscious control of skeletal muscles of the upper limbs. E) control of breathing.
visual and auditory reflex movements of the head and neck.
147) Which of the cranial nerves is named for the fact that it ʺwanders,ʺ that is, innervates structures throughout the thorax and abdomen? A) VIII B) IX C) X D) XI E) XII
x 10