Chapter 14 endocrine system
Adrenal medulla
Part of the fight or flight response
Iodine-containing hormones
Regulate the metabolic rate
Which of the following hormones are found within the hypopyseal-hypothalamic portal capillaries
Releasing hormones
Most descriptive of cAMP
Second chemical messenger
Islets of langerhans
Secrete insulin and glucagon
Incorrect group
Steroids: cortisol, aldosterone, testosterone, epinephrine
Abrupt, sudden withdrawal of prednisone (cortisol) is most likely to cause
A cuter adrenal insufficiency
Which of the following is not controlled by a hypothalamic-releasing hormone
ADH
Which gland is associated with "sugar, salt and sex"
Adrenal cortex
ACTH stimulates the
Adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol
Descriptive of prolactin
Also called lactogenic hormone
Obesity
Antagonizes insulin Elevates blood glucose levels Causes Na+ and water reabsorption, thereby increasing blood pressure
Portal capillaries carry releasing hormones from the brain to the
Anterior pituitary gland
Which gland secretes TSH, ACTH, and growth hormone
Anterior pituitary gland
Insulin, cortisol, thyroxine, and oxytocin
Are hormones
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and OxyContin
Are secreted by the neurohypophysis
Insulin and glucagon
Are secreted by the pancreas and are concerned with the regulation of blood glucose
Enlargement of the thyroid gland
Called the goiter
Hyperglycemia
Causes glucosuria and polyuria
Deficiency of dietary iodine
Causes goiter
Bronzing
Characteristic of chronic adrenal cortical insufficiency (Addison's disease)
Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone
Control plasma levels of calcium
"Sugar, salt and sex" is descriptive of
Cortisol, aldosterone, and testosterone
Hypocalcemic tetany
Develops in response to a deficiency of parathyroid activity
Which of the following is characterized by low blood volume
Diabetes insipidus
Cretinism, myxedema and Graves' disease are all
Disorders of thyroid gland function
Which of the following is most likely to cause secretion of calcitonin
Elevated plasma calcium level
Suppresses the secretion of ACTH
Elevated plasma cortisol levels
Excess secretion of epinephrine
Elevates blood glucose levels
Ketoacidosis is most related to
Excess fatty acid catabolism
Concerned with "sugar, salt and sex"
Glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, androgen
Not a function of insulin
Hepatic gluconeogenesis
An excessive growth of hair in locations where hair growth in women is normally minimal is known as
Hirsutism
Virilization is characterized by
Hirsutism
Incorrect group
Hormones of the anterior pituitary gland: ACTH, prolactin, TSH, oxytocin
A deficiency of insulin causes
Hyperglycemia
The person with __ is most likely to receive insulin therapy
Hyperglycemia
Catecholamines
Include epinephrine (Adrenalin) and norepinephrine
Steroids
Include the glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids and androgen
Deficiency of ADH is most likely to
Induce polyuria
Only hormone that lowers blood glucose levels is
Insulin
The hypersecretion of which hormone is least likely to cause hyperglycemia
Insulin
Oxytocin
Is a neurohypophyseal hormone that stimulates the uterine muscle to contract, thereby assisting in labor
Anterior pituitary gland
Is connected to the hypothalamus by the portal capillaries
Aldosterone
Is mineralocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex
Insulin
Is secreted by the beta cells of the islets of langerhans
The neurophypophysis
Is the posterior pituitary gland
The adrenal cortex
Is the target gland of ACTH
Which of the following is a function of parathyroid hormone
I️t increases plasma levels of calcium
What is the most likely effect of a deficiency of aldosterone
Low blood volume and hypotension
What is the stimulus for the release of insulin
Low plasma levels of glucose
Best describes the function of insulin
Lowers blood glucose levels
Hypocalcemic tetany
May be caused by a deficiency of PTH
Cushing's syndrome
May be caused by steroid (prednisone) therapy
Kussmaul respiration occur in response to
Metabolic acidosis
Which of the following is most responsive to treatment with thyroxine
Myxedema
The secretion of cortisol by the adrenal gland suppresses further secretion of ACTH by the anterior pituitary gland. What is this interaction called
Negative feedback control
Which gland secretes two hormones; one hormone elevates blood glucose levels and the second hormone decreases blood glucose levels
Pancreas
Plasma levels of calcium decrease
Parathyroid glands secretes an osteoclastic hormone
Which gland secretes melatonin and is concerned with our biologic rhythms
Pineal gland
Which of the following structures connects the hypothalamus and adenohypophysis
Portal capillaries
Glucagon, growth hormone, cortisol and epinephrine
Raises blood glucose levels
Adenophypopysis
Refers to the anterior pituitary gland
T3 and T4
Regulate the basal metabolic rate (BMR)
Growth hormone
Secreted by the adenohypophysis Stimulates growth of the musculoskeletal system Also called the somatotropic hormone
TSH
Secreted by the anterior pituitary gland
Estrogen, progesterone, testosterone
Secreted by the gonads
T3, T4, calcitonin are
Secreted by thyroid gland
Which of the following is least descriptive of the hypothalamus
Secretes ACTH, TSH and gonodotropins
Adrenal medulla
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
The pancreas
Secretes hormones that affect blood glucose levels
Which of the following is true of the hypothalamus
Secretes releasing hormones into the portal capillaries
Which of the following is the response to low plasma
Secretion of PTH
PTH
Stimulates osteoclasts activity
Insulin ..
Stimulates the formation of glycogen Increases the transport of glucose into a cell Stimulates the synthesis of proteins and fats ..
Lactogenic hormone
Stimulates the mammary glands to make milk
Which of the following is least associated with the adrenal medulla
Sugar, salt, sex
Which of the following steroids is an androgen
Testosterone
Iodine, colloid, goiter refer to which gland
Thyroid
ACTH, TSH, gonadotropins are
Tropic hormones
Testosterone is best described as
Virilizing
