Chapter 14 endocrine system

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Adrenal medulla

Part of the fight or flight response

Iodine-containing hormones

Regulate the metabolic rate

Which of the following hormones are found within the hypopyseal-hypothalamic portal capillaries

Releasing hormones

Most descriptive of cAMP

Second chemical messenger

Islets of langerhans

Secrete insulin and glucagon

Incorrect group

Steroids: cortisol, aldosterone, testosterone, epinephrine

Abrupt, sudden withdrawal of prednisone (cortisol) is most likely to cause

A cuter adrenal insufficiency

Which of the following is not controlled by a hypothalamic-releasing hormone

ADH

Which gland is associated with "sugar, salt and sex"

Adrenal cortex

ACTH stimulates the

Adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol

Descriptive of prolactin

Also called lactogenic hormone

Obesity

Antagonizes insulin Elevates blood glucose levels Causes Na+ and water reabsorption, thereby increasing blood pressure

Portal capillaries carry releasing hormones from the brain to the

Anterior pituitary gland

Which gland secretes TSH, ACTH, and growth hormone

Anterior pituitary gland

Insulin, cortisol, thyroxine, and oxytocin

Are hormones

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and OxyContin

Are secreted by the neurohypophysis

Insulin and glucagon

Are secreted by the pancreas and are concerned with the regulation of blood glucose

Enlargement of the thyroid gland

Called the goiter

Hyperglycemia

Causes glucosuria and polyuria

Deficiency of dietary iodine

Causes goiter

Bronzing

Characteristic of chronic adrenal cortical insufficiency (Addison's disease)

Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone

Control plasma levels of calcium

"Sugar, salt and sex" is descriptive of

Cortisol, aldosterone, and testosterone

Hypocalcemic tetany

Develops in response to a deficiency of parathyroid activity

Which of the following is characterized by low blood volume

Diabetes insipidus

Cretinism, myxedema and Graves' disease are all

Disorders of thyroid gland function

Which of the following is most likely to cause secretion of calcitonin

Elevated plasma calcium level

Suppresses the secretion of ACTH

Elevated plasma cortisol levels

Excess secretion of epinephrine

Elevates blood glucose levels

Ketoacidosis is most related to

Excess fatty acid catabolism

Concerned with "sugar, salt and sex"

Glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, androgen

Not a function of insulin

Hepatic gluconeogenesis

An excessive growth of hair in locations where hair growth in women is normally minimal is known as

Hirsutism

Virilization is characterized by

Hirsutism

Incorrect group

Hormones of the anterior pituitary gland: ACTH, prolactin, TSH, oxytocin

A deficiency of insulin causes

Hyperglycemia

The person with __ is most likely to receive insulin therapy

Hyperglycemia

Catecholamines

Include epinephrine (Adrenalin) and norepinephrine

Steroids

Include the glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids and androgen

Deficiency of ADH is most likely to

Induce polyuria

Only hormone that lowers blood glucose levels is

Insulin

The hypersecretion of which hormone is least likely to cause hyperglycemia

Insulin

Oxytocin

Is a neurohypophyseal hormone that stimulates the uterine muscle to contract, thereby assisting in labor

Anterior pituitary gland

Is connected to the hypothalamus by the portal capillaries

Aldosterone

Is mineralocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex

Insulin

Is secreted by the beta cells of the islets of langerhans

The neurophypophysis

Is the posterior pituitary gland

The adrenal cortex

Is the target gland of ACTH

Which of the following is a function of parathyroid hormone

I️t increases plasma levels of calcium

What is the most likely effect of a deficiency of aldosterone

Low blood volume and hypotension

What is the stimulus for the release of insulin

Low plasma levels of glucose

Best describes the function of insulin

Lowers blood glucose levels

Hypocalcemic tetany

May be caused by a deficiency of PTH

Cushing's syndrome

May be caused by steroid (prednisone) therapy

Kussmaul respiration occur in response to

Metabolic acidosis

Which of the following is most responsive to treatment with thyroxine

Myxedema

The secretion of cortisol by the adrenal gland suppresses further secretion of ACTH by the anterior pituitary gland. What is this interaction called

Negative feedback control

Which gland secretes two hormones; one hormone elevates blood glucose levels and the second hormone decreases blood glucose levels

Pancreas

Plasma levels of calcium decrease

Parathyroid glands secretes an osteoclastic hormone

Which gland secretes melatonin and is concerned with our biologic rhythms

Pineal gland

Which of the following structures connects the hypothalamus and adenohypophysis

Portal capillaries

Glucagon, growth hormone, cortisol and epinephrine

Raises blood glucose levels

Adenophypopysis

Refers to the anterior pituitary gland

T3 and T4

Regulate the basal metabolic rate (BMR)

Growth hormone

Secreted by the adenohypophysis Stimulates growth of the musculoskeletal system Also called the somatotropic hormone

TSH

Secreted by the anterior pituitary gland

Estrogen, progesterone, testosterone

Secreted by the gonads

T3, T4, calcitonin are

Secreted by thyroid gland

Which of the following is least descriptive of the hypothalamus

Secretes ACTH, TSH and gonodotropins

Adrenal medulla

Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine

The pancreas

Secretes hormones that affect blood glucose levels

Which of the following is true of the hypothalamus

Secretes releasing hormones into the portal capillaries

Which of the following is the response to low plasma

Secretion of PTH

PTH

Stimulates osteoclasts activity

Insulin ..

Stimulates the formation of glycogen Increases the transport of glucose into a cell Stimulates the synthesis of proteins and fats ..

Lactogenic hormone

Stimulates the mammary glands to make milk

Which of the following is least associated with the adrenal medulla

Sugar, salt, sex

Which of the following steroids is an androgen

Testosterone

Iodine, colloid, goiter refer to which gland

Thyroid

ACTH, TSH, gonadotropins are

Tropic hormones

Testosterone is best described as

Virilizing


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