Chapter 14 - Endocrine System
which of the following is true of both prolcatin and oxytocin?
both are concerned with lactation
a deficiency of dietary iodine
causes a goiter
Hyperglycemia
causes glucosuria and polyuria
Calcitonin and PTH
control plasma levels of calcium
which of the following hormones exerts a negative feedback control on the secretion of ACTH?
cortisol
Sugar, Salt and sex is descriptive of
cortisol, aldosterone, and testosterone
identify the hormones that are secreted by these glands: adrenal cortex, pancreas, and adenohypophysis
cortisol, insulin, and growth hormone
hypocalcemic tetany
develops in response to a deficiency of parathyroid activity
Which of the following is characterized by low blood volume?
diabetes insipidus
the "melting of flesh into urine". an old timey name is most descriptive of untreated
diabetes mellitus
Cushing syndrome and addisons disease are
disorders of the adrenal cortex
Myxedema, Grave's disease, and cretinism are
disorders of the thyroid gland
Cretinism, myxedema, and grave's disease are all
disorders of thyroid gland function
the word diabetes means
diuresis
Which of the following is most likely to cause the secretion of calcitonin?
elevated plasma calcium levels
Which of the following supresses the secretion of ACTH
elevated plasma cortisol levels
excess secretion of epinephrine
elevates blood glucose levels
Ketoacidosis is most related to
excess fatty catabolism
Which of the following are concerned with "sugar, salt, and sex"?
glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, and androgen
which of the following is the most important effect of somatotropic hormone?
growth of the musculoskeletal system
a patient has been receiving a large dose of prednisone for the relief of arthritic pain for 6 months. he suddenly stops taking his medication. what is the most serious concern?
he will develop an acute adrenal insufficiency
Which of the following is NOT a function of insulin?
hepatic gluconeogenesis
What is the stimulus for the release of insulin?
high plasma levels of glucose
An excessive growth of hair in locations where hair growth in women is normally minimal is known as
hirsutism
virilization is characterized by
hirsutism
which group is incorrect? A) hormones of the anterior pituitary gland: ACTH, Prolactin, TSH, oxytocin B) steroids: cortisol, aldosterone, testosterone C) secretions of the gonads: estrogen, progesterone, testosterone D) hormones secreted by the thyroid gland: t3, t4, and calcitonin
hormones of the anterior pituitary gland: ACTH, Prolactin, TSH, oxytocin
A deficiency of insulin causes
hyperglycemia
The person with __________ is most likely to recieve insulin therapy.
hyperglycemia
excess insulin is most apt to cause
hypoglycemia
Catecholamines
include epinephrine and norepinephrine
Which of the following is a function of parathyroid hormone?
increase plasma levels of calcium
what two effects does PTH exert on the kidneys?
increases calcium reabsorptin and increases the excretion of phosphate in the urine.
which of the following is least characteristic of the function of insulin?
increases the generation of ketone bodies
ketosis and acidosis are
indicative of rapid and incomplete metabolism of fatty acids
a deficiency of ADH is most likely to
induce polyuria
The hypersecretion of which hormone is LEAST likely to cause hyperglycemia?
insulin
the only hormone that lowers blood glucose levels is
insulin
Bronzing
is a characteristic of chronic adrenal cortical insufficiency (addisons disease)
Aldosterone
is a mineralocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex
Oxytocin
is a neurohypophyseal hormone that stimulates the uterine muscle to contract thereby assisting in labor
enlargement of the thyroid gland
is called a goiter
a tumor of the adrenal medulla
is called a pheochromocytoma
The anterior pituitary gland
is connect to the hypothalamus by the portal capillaries
The adrenal medulla
is part of the fight or flight response
TSH
is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland
Insulin
is secreted by the beta cells of the islets of langerhans
glucagon
is secreted in response to a decrease in blood glucose
Thyroxine
is t4
The neurohypophysis
is the posterior pituitary gland
The adrenal cortex
is the target gland of ACTH
What is the most likely effect of a deficiency of aldosterone?
low blood volume and hypotension
Which of the following best describes the function of insulin?
lowers blood glucose levels
Hypocalcemic tetant
may be caused by a deficiency of PTH
Cushing syndrome
may be caused by steroid (prednisone) therapy
Kussmaul respiration's occur in response to
metabolic acidosis
hyperglycemia, glucosuria, polyuria, and acidosis are
most apt to be caused by a deficiency of insulin
which of the following is most responsive to treatment with thyroxine?
myxedema
iodine is
necessary for the synthesis of thyroid hormones
The secretion of cortisol by the adrenal gland suppresses further secretion of ACTH by the anterior pituitary gland. What is this interaction called?
negative feedback control
Which gland secretes two hormones: one that elevates blood glucose levels and one that decreases blood glucose levels?
pancreas
identify the glands that secrete these hormones: glucagon, PTH, TSH
pancreas, parathyroid, anterior pituitary
Which of the following is NOT under direct control of the pituitary gland?
parathyroid secretion of PTH
this cone shaped gland is located in the head and is called the biological clock
pineal
Which gland secretes melatonin and is concerned with out biological rythyms?
pineal gland
Which of the following structures connects the hypothalamus and the adenohypophysis?
portal capillaries
a hormone that suppresses gluconeogenesis
prevents hyperglycemia
What do the following hormones have in common: growth hormone, cortisol, and epinephrine? All
raise blood glucose
Glucagon, growth hormone, cortisol, and epinephrine
raise blood glucose levels
The adenohypophysis
refers to the anterior pituitary gland
T3 and T4
regulate the basal metabolic rate
Iodine containing hormones
regulate the metabolic rate
Which of the following hormones are found within the hypophyseal-hypothalmic portal capillaries?
releasing hormones
What is the most critical need for the child with newly diagnosed cretinism?
replacement dose of thyroid hormones
Which of the following is most descriptive of cAMP?
second chemical messenger
The islets of Langerhans
secrete insulin and glucagon
T3, T4, and Calcitonin are
secreted by the thyroid gland
which of the following is least descriptive of the hypothalamus?
secretes ACTH, TSH, and gonadotropins
The adrenal medulla
secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
the pancreas
secretes hormones that affect blood glucose levels
which of the following is true of the hypothalamus?
secretes releasing hormones into the portal capillaries
Which of the following is the response to low plasma levels of calcium?
secretion of PTH
Which group is incorrect? A) hormones of the anterior pituitary gland: ACTH, prolcation, TSH, and growth hormone. B) hormones of posterior pituitary gland: ADH, oxytocin C) steroids: coritsol, aldosterone, testosterone, epinephrine D) secretions of the gonads: estrogen, progesterone,testosterone
steroids: coritsol, aldosterone, testosterone, epinephrine
PTH
stimulates osteoclastic activity
ACTH
stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol
Lactogenic hormone
stimulates the mammary glands to make milk
epinephrine ( adrenalin) increases blood glucose by
stimulating the hepatic conversion of glycogen into glucose
Which of the following is LEAST associated with the adrenal medulla?
sugar, salt, and sex
which of the following is descriptive of the adrenal cortex?
target gland of ACTH
Which of the following steroids is an androgen?
testosterone
As plasma levels of calcium decrease
the parathyroid glands secrete an osteoclastic hormone
why is the posterior pituitary gland called the neurohypophysis?
the posterior pituitary gland is an extension of the hypothalamus
Iodine, colloid, and goiter refer to which gland?
thyroid
ACTH, TSH, and gonadotropin are
tropic hormones
testosterone is best described as
virilizing
Which gland secretes TSH, ACTH, and growth hormone?
Anterior pituitary gland
steroids
Include glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and androgens
the bones, kidneys, and intestine are target organs of this calcium-regulator hormone
PTH
this hormone stimulates osteoclastic activity, causing bone resorption
PTH
abrupt, sudden withdrawl of prednisone(cortisol) is most likely to cause
acute adrenal insufficiency
identify the glands associated with these hormones: gonadotropins, aldosterone, and epinephrine
adenohypophysis, posterior pituitary, adrenal medulla
Which gland is associated with sugar, salt, and sex
adrenal cortex
the secretion of this gland is described as sympathomimetic.
adrenal medulla
This adrenal cortical mineralocorticoid helps regulate salt and water balance,
aldosterone
Which of the following is descriptive of prolactin?
also called the lactogenic hormone
Portal capillaries carry releasing hormones from the brain to the
anterior pituitary gland
insulin, cortisol, thyroxine, and oxytocin
are hormones
the beta cells of the islets of langerhans
are insulin secreting pancreatic cells
Estrogen, Progesterone, and testosterone
are secreted by the gonads
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin
are secreted by the nuerohyphysis
Insulin and Glucagon
are secreted by the pancreas and are concerned with the regulation of blood glucose.
regarding the "tab of ab flab" what is the tab?
(all of the above) fat cells secrete hormones that are harmful to the body fat cells secrete hormones that increase insulin resistance fat cells secrete hormones that increase blood pressure into a hypertensive range
Insulin
(all of the above) stimulates the formation of glycogen increases the transport of glucose into a cell stimulates the synthesis of proteins and fats
Obesity
(all of the above) antagonizes insulin elevates blood glucose levels causes Na+ and water reabsorption, thereby increasing blood pressure
Growth hormone
(all of the above) is secreted by the adenohypophysis stimulates the growth of the muscoskeletal system is called the somatotropic hormone
Which of the following is not controlled by a hypothalmic releasing hormone?
ADH
Which of the following posterior pituitary hormones causes the kidneys to decrease its excretion of urine?
ADH