Chapter 14 - Endocrine System

which of the following is true of both prolcatin and oxytocin?

both are concerned with lactation

a deficiency of dietary iodine

causes a goiter

Hyperglycemia

causes glucosuria and polyuria

Calcitonin and PTH

control plasma levels of calcium

which of the following hormones exerts a negative feedback control on the secretion of ACTH?

cortisol

Sugar, Salt and sex is descriptive of

cortisol, aldosterone, and testosterone

identify the hormones that are secreted by these glands: adrenal cortex, pancreas, and adenohypophysis

cortisol, insulin, and growth hormone

hypocalcemic tetany

develops in response to a deficiency of parathyroid activity

Which of the following is characterized by low blood volume?

diabetes insipidus

the "melting of flesh into urine". an old timey name is most descriptive of untreated

diabetes mellitus

Cushing syndrome and addisons disease are

disorders of the adrenal cortex

Myxedema, Grave's disease, and cretinism are

disorders of the thyroid gland

Cretinism, myxedema, and grave's disease are all

disorders of thyroid gland function

the word diabetes means

diuresis

Which of the following is most likely to cause the secretion of calcitonin?

elevated plasma calcium levels

Which of the following supresses the secretion of ACTH

elevated plasma cortisol levels

excess secretion of epinephrine

elevates blood glucose levels

Ketoacidosis is most related to

excess fatty catabolism

Which of the following are concerned with "sugar, salt, and sex"?

glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, and androgen

which of the following is the most important effect of somatotropic hormone?

growth of the musculoskeletal system

a patient has been receiving a large dose of prednisone for the relief of arthritic pain for 6 months. he suddenly stops taking his medication. what is the most serious concern?

he will develop an acute adrenal insufficiency

Which of the following is NOT a function of insulin?

hepatic gluconeogenesis

What is the stimulus for the release of insulin?

high plasma levels of glucose

An excessive growth of hair in locations where hair growth in women is normally minimal is known as

hirsutism

virilization is characterized by

hirsutism

which group is incorrect? A) hormones of the anterior pituitary gland: ACTH, Prolactin, TSH, oxytocin B) steroids: cortisol, aldosterone, testosterone C) secretions of the gonads: estrogen, progesterone, testosterone D) hormones secreted by the thyroid gland: t3, t4, and calcitonin

hormones of the anterior pituitary gland: ACTH, Prolactin, TSH, oxytocin

A deficiency of insulin causes

hyperglycemia

The person with __________ is most likely to recieve insulin therapy.

hyperglycemia

excess insulin is most apt to cause

hypoglycemia

Catecholamines

include epinephrine and norepinephrine

Which of the following is a function of parathyroid hormone?

increase plasma levels of calcium

what two effects does PTH exert on the kidneys?

increases calcium reabsorptin and increases the excretion of phosphate in the urine.

which of the following is least characteristic of the function of insulin?

increases the generation of ketone bodies

ketosis and acidosis are

indicative of rapid and incomplete metabolism of fatty acids

a deficiency of ADH is most likely to

induce polyuria

The hypersecretion of which hormone is LEAST likely to cause hyperglycemia?

insulin

the only hormone that lowers blood glucose levels is

insulin

Bronzing

is a characteristic of chronic adrenal cortical insufficiency (addisons disease)

Aldosterone

is a mineralocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex

Oxytocin

is a neurohypophyseal hormone that stimulates the uterine muscle to contract thereby assisting in labor

enlargement of the thyroid gland

is called a goiter

a tumor of the adrenal medulla

is called a pheochromocytoma

The anterior pituitary gland

is connect to the hypothalamus by the portal capillaries

The adrenal medulla

is part of the fight or flight response

TSH

is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland

Insulin

is secreted by the beta cells of the islets of langerhans

glucagon

is secreted in response to a decrease in blood glucose

Thyroxine

is t4

The neurohypophysis

is the posterior pituitary gland

The adrenal cortex

is the target gland of ACTH

What is the most likely effect of a deficiency of aldosterone?

low blood volume and hypotension

Which of the following best describes the function of insulin?

lowers blood glucose levels

Hypocalcemic tetant

may be caused by a deficiency of PTH

Cushing syndrome

may be caused by steroid (prednisone) therapy

Kussmaul respiration's occur in response to

metabolic acidosis

hyperglycemia, glucosuria, polyuria, and acidosis are

most apt to be caused by a deficiency of insulin

which of the following is most responsive to treatment with thyroxine?

myxedema

iodine is

necessary for the synthesis of thyroid hormones

The secretion of cortisol by the adrenal gland suppresses further secretion of ACTH by the anterior pituitary gland. What is this interaction called?

negative feedback control

Which gland secretes two hormones: one that elevates blood glucose levels and one that decreases blood glucose levels?

pancreas

identify the glands that secrete these hormones: glucagon, PTH, TSH

pancreas, parathyroid, anterior pituitary

Which of the following is NOT under direct control of the pituitary gland?

parathyroid secretion of PTH

this cone shaped gland is located in the head and is called the biological clock

pineal

Which gland secretes melatonin and is concerned with out biological rythyms?

pineal gland

Which of the following structures connects the hypothalamus and the adenohypophysis?

portal capillaries

a hormone that suppresses gluconeogenesis

prevents hyperglycemia

What do the following hormones have in common: growth hormone, cortisol, and epinephrine? All

raise blood glucose

Glucagon, growth hormone, cortisol, and epinephrine

raise blood glucose levels

The adenohypophysis

refers to the anterior pituitary gland

T3 and T4

regulate the basal metabolic rate

Iodine containing hormones

regulate the metabolic rate

Which of the following hormones are found within the hypophyseal-hypothalmic portal capillaries?

releasing hormones

What is the most critical need for the child with newly diagnosed cretinism?

replacement dose of thyroid hormones

Which of the following is most descriptive of cAMP?

second chemical messenger

The islets of Langerhans

secrete insulin and glucagon

T3, T4, and Calcitonin are

secreted by the thyroid gland

which of the following is least descriptive of the hypothalamus?

secretes ACTH, TSH, and gonadotropins

The adrenal medulla

secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine

the pancreas

secretes hormones that affect blood glucose levels

which of the following is true of the hypothalamus?

secretes releasing hormones into the portal capillaries

Which of the following is the response to low plasma levels of calcium?

secretion of PTH

Which group is incorrect? A) hormones of the anterior pituitary gland: ACTH, prolcation, TSH, and growth hormone. B) hormones of posterior pituitary gland: ADH, oxytocin C) steroids: coritsol, aldosterone, testosterone, epinephrine D) secretions of the gonads: estrogen, progesterone,testosterone

steroids: coritsol, aldosterone, testosterone, epinephrine

PTH

stimulates osteoclastic activity

ACTH

stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol

Lactogenic hormone

stimulates the mammary glands to make milk

epinephrine ( adrenalin) increases blood glucose by

stimulating the hepatic conversion of glycogen into glucose

Which of the following is LEAST associated with the adrenal medulla?

sugar, salt, and sex

which of the following is descriptive of the adrenal cortex?

target gland of ACTH

Which of the following steroids is an androgen?

testosterone

As plasma levels of calcium decrease

the parathyroid glands secrete an osteoclastic hormone

why is the posterior pituitary gland called the neurohypophysis?

the posterior pituitary gland is an extension of the hypothalamus

Iodine, colloid, and goiter refer to which gland?

thyroid

ACTH, TSH, and gonadotropin are

tropic hormones

testosterone is best described as

virilizing

Which gland secretes TSH, ACTH, and growth hormone?

Anterior pituitary gland

steroids

Include glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and androgens

the bones, kidneys, and intestine are target organs of this calcium-regulator hormone

PTH

this hormone stimulates osteoclastic activity, causing bone resorption

PTH

abrupt, sudden withdrawl of prednisone(cortisol) is most likely to cause

acute adrenal insufficiency

identify the glands associated with these hormones: gonadotropins, aldosterone, and epinephrine

adenohypophysis, posterior pituitary, adrenal medulla

Which gland is associated with sugar, salt, and sex

adrenal cortex

the secretion of this gland is described as sympathomimetic.

adrenal medulla

This adrenal cortical mineralocorticoid helps regulate salt and water balance,

aldosterone

Which of the following is descriptive of prolactin?

also called the lactogenic hormone

Portal capillaries carry releasing hormones from the brain to the

anterior pituitary gland

insulin, cortisol, thyroxine, and oxytocin

are hormones

the beta cells of the islets of langerhans

are insulin secreting pancreatic cells

Estrogen, Progesterone, and testosterone

are secreted by the gonads

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin

are secreted by the nuerohyphysis

Insulin and Glucagon

are secreted by the pancreas and are concerned with the regulation of blood glucose.

regarding the "tab of ab flab" what is the tab?

(all of the above) fat cells secrete hormones that are harmful to the body fat cells secrete hormones that increase insulin resistance fat cells secrete hormones that increase blood pressure into a hypertensive range

Insulin

(all of the above) stimulates the formation of glycogen increases the transport of glucose into a cell stimulates the synthesis of proteins and fats

Obesity

(all of the above) antagonizes insulin elevates blood glucose levels causes Na+ and water reabsorption, thereby increasing blood pressure

Growth hormone

(all of the above) is secreted by the adenohypophysis stimulates the growth of the muscoskeletal system is called the somatotropic hormone

Which of the following is not controlled by a hypothalmic releasing hormone?

ADH

Which of the following posterior pituitary hormones causes the kidneys to decrease its excretion of urine?

ADH