Chapter 14 HW

Damage to the substantia nigra causes a decrease in the neurotransmitter dopamine. This causes a gradual, generalized increase in muscle tone, which is the main symptom of _________.

Parkinson's disease

The white matter of the cerebellum forms a branching array called the __________.

arbor vitae

Cortical regions that interpret sensory information or coordinate motor responses are called __________ areas.

association

The cerebellum can be permanently damaged by stroke or temporarily affected by drugs or alcohol. The resulting disturbance in motor control is known as __________.

ataxia

Hydrocephalus, or "water on the brain," may result from __________.

blockage of CSF circulation or excessive CSF production

The medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain comprise the _________.

brain stem

The third and fourth ventricles are linked by a slender canal designated as the __________.

cerebral aqueduct

The highest levels of information processing occur in the __________.

cerebrum

The mammillary bodies of the hypothalamus __________.

control feeding reflexes

The pons is involved in all of the following EXCEPT _________.

control of food intake

The __________ are the four masses on the posterior of the midbrain.

corpora quadrigemina

The thalamus is often called the "air traffic controller" of the brain because it __________.

determines the routing of incoming sensory information to the correct cerebral cortex area

A(n) __________ is a printed record of the brain's electrical activity over a period of time.

electroencephalogram

The most obvious features that one notices about the cerebrum is the __________.

extensiveness of the gyri and sulci

Stimulation of the __________ within the hypothalamus produces the sensation of hunger.

feeding center

Which of the following is NOT a property of the limbic system?

functions in maintaining homeostasis in cold weather

Stimulation of the reticular activating system results in _________.

increased consciousness

The medulla oblongata relays auditory information to the __________.

inferior colliculi

The __________, a narrow stalk, connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland.

infundibulum

The brain requires a substantial blood supply. The vessels that deliver blood to the brain are the __________.

internal carotid and vertebral arteries

The hypothalamus is a key player in the endocrine system because __________.

it controls the pituitary gland directly underneath it

The optic tracts carry visual information from the retina to the __________.

lateral geniculates

The auditory cortex is located in the __________.

temporal lobe

Sensory information is processed and relayed to the cerebrum by the __________.

thalamus

Which of the following symptoms would you associate with damage to the spinal accessory nerve?

weakness in sternocleidomastoid muscle

Which of the following nerves do not innervate the eye muscles?

I, II, V, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII

Which cranial nerves carry motor impulses to the eyes?

III, IV, VI

The pons is involved in __________.

-automatically processing incoming sensations -respiration -connections to cerebellum

Tic douloureux is __________.

-characterized by almost totally debilitating pain -triggered by contact with the lip, tongue, or gums -also called trigeminal neuralgia -a disorder of the maxillary and mandibular branches of nerve V

Which of the following are properties of the limbic system?

-functions in emotions, learning, and memory -contains cerebral and diencephalic components -located between the border of the cerebrum and diencephalon -links conscious functions of the cerebral cortex with unconscious functions of the brain stem

Which of the following is a property of the blood-brain barrier?

-it is generally permeable to lipid-soluble compounds -it is absent in portions of the hypothalamus -astrocyes surround the CNS capillaries -the capillary endothelial cells are interconnected by tight junctions

Which of the following is a function of the diencephalon?

-regulate body temperature -secrete CSF -process and transmit sensory information

Ependymal cells work to __________.

-remove waste products from the CSF -secrete CSF into the ventricles -surround the capillaries of the choroid plexus -adjust the composition of CSF

Which of the following help to protect the brain?

-the blood-brain barrier -the cranial meninges -the CSF -the bones of the skull

There are __________ pairs of cranial nerves.

12

The elevated ridges of the cerebrum are called _________.

gyri

Which sensation(s) does the vestibulocochlear nerve carry?

hearing and equilibrium

The _________ is important in storage and recall of new long-term memories.

hippocampus

A patient develops a tumor of a cranial nerve that leads to difficulty in speaking from a loss of tongue movement. Which cranial nerve is affected?

hypoglossal

Emotions and behavioral drives are associated with the _________.

hypothalamus

The __________ provides the principal link between the nervous and endocrine systems.

hypothalamus

After suffering a blow to the back of the head, Phil loses his vision. The blow probably caused damage to the __________.

occipital lobe

The only sensation that is received directly by the cerebrum is __________.

olfaction

Olfactory receptors send axons through the cribiform plate and synapse on neurons in the

olfactory bulb

The layer of the meninges that closely follows every gyrus and sulcus is the __________.

pia mater

The region of the brain responsible for predicting the consequence of events or actions is the __________.

prefrontal cerebral cortex

Damage to the preoptic area of the hypothalamus leads to which problem?

reduced ability to regulate body temperature

The mesencephalon contains the headquarters of the ________, a specialized component of the reticular formation that controls alertness and attention.

reticular activating system

Difficulties in estimating temporal relationships between events may stem from damage to __________.

the prefrontal cortex

Damage to the medulla oblongata can result in death because __________.

the vital centers for blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing are located there

Chambers within the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid are called __________.

ventricles

The cerebellar hemispheres are separated by a band of cortex called the __________.

vermis