Chapter 14 HW
Damage to the substantia nigra causes a decrease in the neurotransmitter dopamine. This causes a gradual, generalized increase in muscle tone, which is the main symptom of _________.
Parkinson's disease
The white matter of the cerebellum forms a branching array called the __________.
arbor vitae
Cortical regions that interpret sensory information or coordinate motor responses are called __________ areas.
association
The cerebellum can be permanently damaged by stroke or temporarily affected by drugs or alcohol. The resulting disturbance in motor control is known as __________.
ataxia
Hydrocephalus, or "water on the brain," may result from __________.
blockage of CSF circulation or excessive CSF production
The medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain comprise the _________.
brain stem
The third and fourth ventricles are linked by a slender canal designated as the __________.
cerebral aqueduct
The highest levels of information processing occur in the __________.
cerebrum
The mammillary bodies of the hypothalamus __________.
control feeding reflexes
The pons is involved in all of the following EXCEPT _________.
control of food intake
The __________ are the four masses on the posterior of the midbrain.
corpora quadrigemina
The thalamus is often called the "air traffic controller" of the brain because it __________.
determines the routing of incoming sensory information to the correct cerebral cortex area
A(n) __________ is a printed record of the brain's electrical activity over a period of time.
electroencephalogram
The most obvious features that one notices about the cerebrum is the __________.
extensiveness of the gyri and sulci
Stimulation of the __________ within the hypothalamus produces the sensation of hunger.
feeding center
Which of the following is NOT a property of the limbic system?
functions in maintaining homeostasis in cold weather
Stimulation of the reticular activating system results in _________.
increased consciousness
The medulla oblongata relays auditory information to the __________.
inferior colliculi
The __________, a narrow stalk, connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland.
infundibulum
The brain requires a substantial blood supply. The vessels that deliver blood to the brain are the __________.
internal carotid and vertebral arteries
The hypothalamus is a key player in the endocrine system because __________.
it controls the pituitary gland directly underneath it
The optic tracts carry visual information from the retina to the __________.
lateral geniculates
The auditory cortex is located in the __________.
temporal lobe
Sensory information is processed and relayed to the cerebrum by the __________.
thalamus
Which of the following symptoms would you associate with damage to the spinal accessory nerve?
weakness in sternocleidomastoid muscle
Which of the following nerves do not innervate the eye muscles?
I, II, V, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII
Which cranial nerves carry motor impulses to the eyes?
III, IV, VI
The pons is involved in __________.
-automatically processing incoming sensations -respiration -connections to cerebellum
Tic douloureux is __________.
-characterized by almost totally debilitating pain -triggered by contact with the lip, tongue, or gums -also called trigeminal neuralgia -a disorder of the maxillary and mandibular branches of nerve V
Which of the following are properties of the limbic system?
-functions in emotions, learning, and memory -contains cerebral and diencephalic components -located between the border of the cerebrum and diencephalon -links conscious functions of the cerebral cortex with unconscious functions of the brain stem
Which of the following is a property of the blood-brain barrier?
-it is generally permeable to lipid-soluble compounds -it is absent in portions of the hypothalamus -astrocyes surround the CNS capillaries -the capillary endothelial cells are interconnected by tight junctions
Which of the following is a function of the diencephalon?
-regulate body temperature -secrete CSF -process and transmit sensory information
Ependymal cells work to __________.
-remove waste products from the CSF -secrete CSF into the ventricles -surround the capillaries of the choroid plexus -adjust the composition of CSF
Which of the following help to protect the brain?
-the blood-brain barrier -the cranial meninges -the CSF -the bones of the skull
There are __________ pairs of cranial nerves.
12
The elevated ridges of the cerebrum are called _________.
gyri
Which sensation(s) does the vestibulocochlear nerve carry?
hearing and equilibrium
The _________ is important in storage and recall of new long-term memories.
hippocampus
A patient develops a tumor of a cranial nerve that leads to difficulty in speaking from a loss of tongue movement. Which cranial nerve is affected?
hypoglossal
Emotions and behavioral drives are associated with the _________.
hypothalamus
The __________ provides the principal link between the nervous and endocrine systems.
hypothalamus
After suffering a blow to the back of the head, Phil loses his vision. The blow probably caused damage to the __________.
occipital lobe
The only sensation that is received directly by the cerebrum is __________.
olfaction
Olfactory receptors send axons through the cribiform plate and synapse on neurons in the
olfactory bulb
The layer of the meninges that closely follows every gyrus and sulcus is the __________.
pia mater
The region of the brain responsible for predicting the consequence of events or actions is the __________.
prefrontal cerebral cortex
Damage to the preoptic area of the hypothalamus leads to which problem?
reduced ability to regulate body temperature
The mesencephalon contains the headquarters of the ________, a specialized component of the reticular formation that controls alertness and attention.
reticular activating system
Difficulties in estimating temporal relationships between events may stem from damage to __________.
the prefrontal cortex
Damage to the medulla oblongata can result in death because __________.
the vital centers for blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing are located there
Chambers within the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid are called __________.
ventricles
The cerebellar hemispheres are separated by a band of cortex called the __________.
vermis