Chapter 14 MA Test

Diagnosis of fibromyalgia syndrome is considered positive when _____ of the 18 trigger points are painful.

11

The body has _____ muscles.

600

Explain what a muscle team is and given examples.

A muscle team is two different muscles working together. An example is flexor and extensor muscles.

Which term means: When muscles contract to move extremities away from the body's center line?

Abduction

What is the thickest and longest tendon in the human body?

Achilles tendon

Which term means: Movement of extremities away from the center of the body?

Adduction

Which term means: Movement of extremities toward the center of the body?

Adduction

Which term means: When skeletal muscles join bones that meet at joints, one of the bones becomes this, which is where the muscle has its origin?

Anchor

Which term means: Designates either a fascia or a flat tendon type of muscle attachment?

Aponeurosis

With prolonged lack of use, muscles will _____, which is a progressive wasting away of the muscle tissue.

Atrophy

Which term means: When this muscle contracts, being firmly anchored at the shoulder, it pulls upon the insertion location on the forearm, and the arm flexes (bends)?

Biceps

As people age, the amount of:

Both connective tissue and elastic fibers increase

The _____ functions as a watery cushion to minimize pressure and friction over bony prominences and under tendons.

Bursa

The muscle of the _____ is the site of choice for intramuscular injections, especially for large amounts of a slowly absorbing material.

Buttocks

When light is focused on the eye, the _____ muscles of the iris that surround the pupil contract, making the pupil smaller, thereby limiting the amount of light striking the retina.

Circular sphincter

Which of the following is NOT a common treatment for epicondylitis?

Cold therapy

Which term means: Muscular condition in which certain muscles become shorter, permanently bending the joints?

Contracture

Which term means: Caused by a muscle that has contracted but cannot relax?

Cramp

The shoulders are protected by a triangle of muscle called the:

Deltoid

Which term means: The shoulders are protected by a triangle of muscle called this, which abducts the arm?

Deltoid

Which term means: Most important muscle in breathing?

Diaphragm

Name the muscles of respiration.

Diaphragm and intercostal

Which condition makes up about half of all cases of muscular dystrophy?

Duchenne's dystrophy

Which term means: Congenital disorders result in progressive wasting away of skeletal muscles?

Dystrophy

The most common bursae are located at the:

Elbow, knee, and shoulder

The signs and symptoms of _____ are weakness of the upper arm and pelvic muscles. Other symptoms include winging of the scapulae, lordosis, with protruding abdomen, waddling gait, poor balance, and the inability to raise the arms.

Erb's (or juvenile)

The structure that connects the mouth with the stomach is known as the:

Esophagus

Which term means: Skeletal muscle that straightens a joint?

Extensor

Another form of muscular attachment is by _____, a sheet-like, tough membrane that forms sheaths to cover and protect the muscle tissue.

Fascia

Which term means: Chronic musculoskeletal condition characterized by widespread pain?

Fibromyalgia

Which term means: Skeletal muscle that bends a joint?

Flexor

What is the main muscle in the calf of the leg?

Gastrocnemius

Which term means: The main muscle in the calf of the leg?

Gastrocnemius

When muscles function, they change stored glycogen to _____ as their source of energy.

Glucose

The _____ muscles support much of the body's weight and enable us to stand erect.

Gluteus maximus

Which term means: This muscle is located at the back of the iliac crest and stretched downward toward the greater trochanter of the femur, with the lower third of the muscle being partially covered by the gluteus maximus?

Gluteus medius

Which term means: The posterior thigh is the site of this group, which includes the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and a portion of the adductor magnus?

Hamstring

Which term means: Spasmodic contractions of the diaphragm, followed by spasmodic closure of the space between the vocal cords?

Hiccough

Which term means: End of a muscle furthest from the center of the body?

Insertion

The _____ muscles lie beneath the pectoralis major, between the ribs.

Intercostal

Which term means: These muscles lie beneath the pectoralis major, between the ribs?

Intercostal

The back is covered by a large muscle called the _____. Its main function is to extend and adduct the arm, as when swimming.

Latissimus dorsi

Which term means: Group of muscle cells and a motor neuron that function together to cause movement?

Motor unit

During strenuous activity, a great number of motor units are called on to contract, a process known as:

Muscle recruitment

The constant state of contraction that allows the body to maintain its erect position is known as:

Muscle tone

What is muscle tone?

Muscle tone is a constant state of partial muscle contraction.

Which term means: Pertaining to the muscular and skeletal systems?

Musculoskeletal

Which term means: Type of muscle tissue found only in the heart?

Myocarial muscle tissue

Which term means: Muscle that enables us to squint or wink?

Orbicularis oculi

Which term means: Muscle that allows humans to whistle, kiss, smile, grin, grimace with pain, or pout?

Orbicularis oris

Which term means: End of a muscle nearest to the center of the body?

Origin

Which term means: The main upper chest muscle?

Pectoralis major

The contracting and relaxing muscles that work food through the body in a wavelike action is called:

Peristalsis

The contracting and relaxing of muscles that works food through the body in a wavelike action is called:

Peristalsis

Which term means: Alternating action of both smooth layers, contracting and relaxing, works the food through the body in a wavelike action?

Peristalsis

What initials can you put after your name after becoming certified?

RMA

What is a sphincter?

Ring-shaped muscle that controls opening

Muscle groups are separated by membranes called:

Sheaths

When muscles contract, they become:

Shorter and thicker

Name the three types of muscle tissue and where they are located.

Skeletal - Attached to bones Smooth - Internal organs Cardiac - In heart

Which term means: Type of muscle tissue attached to bones that permits movement?

Skeletal muscle tissue

Which term means: Type of muscle tissue made of small, delicate muscle cells that is found throughout most of the internal organs of the body?

Smooth muscle tissue

Which term means: Smooth, donut-shaped muscle that pinches shut intermittently to control the flow of food, liquid, or blood?

Sphincter

Tendonitis is MOST often caused by a:

Sports-related injury

Which of the following is NOT a function of the muscles?

Storing calcium

Which term means: Commonly results from the application of too much stress to skeletal muscles while exercising or participating in athletic activities?

Strain

Which term means: Strong fibrous structure attached to rough surfaces on a bone?

Tendon

Which of the following is NOT part of the hamstring group?

Teres major

Which term means: State of maintained muscle contraction?

Tetanus

Which of the following is NOT part of the quadriceps femoris?

Tibialis anterior

What is a function of tendons?

To attach muscle to bone

This type of muscular dystrophy has increased in infants since they are now placed on their backs to prevent SIDS. The sternocleidomastoid muscle shortens due to the position.

Torticollis

Which term means: Neck deformity that bends the head to the affected side and rotates the chin toward the opposite side?

Torticollis

The _____ not only supports the head but also extends down the back and shoulders, giving us the ability to raise and throw back the shoulders.

Trapezius

The extensor muscle that straightens the elbow is the:

Triceps

What does "insertion" refer to?

Where the muscle attaches to the bone to be moved

What does "origin" refer to?

Where the muscle has its anchor attachment