Chapter 14 MA Test
Diagnosis of fibromyalgia syndrome is considered positive when _____ of the 18 trigger points are painful.
11
The body has _____ muscles.
600
Explain what a muscle team is and given examples.
A muscle team is two different muscles working together. An example is flexor and extensor muscles.
Which term means: When muscles contract to move extremities away from the body's center line?
Abduction
What is the thickest and longest tendon in the human body?
Achilles tendon
Which term means: Movement of extremities away from the center of the body?
Adduction
Which term means: Movement of extremities toward the center of the body?
Adduction
Which term means: When skeletal muscles join bones that meet at joints, one of the bones becomes this, which is where the muscle has its origin?
Anchor
Which term means: Designates either a fascia or a flat tendon type of muscle attachment?
Aponeurosis
With prolonged lack of use, muscles will _____, which is a progressive wasting away of the muscle tissue.
Atrophy
Which term means: When this muscle contracts, being firmly anchored at the shoulder, it pulls upon the insertion location on the forearm, and the arm flexes (bends)?
Biceps
As people age, the amount of:
Both connective tissue and elastic fibers increase
The _____ functions as a watery cushion to minimize pressure and friction over bony prominences and under tendons.
Bursa
The muscle of the _____ is the site of choice for intramuscular injections, especially for large amounts of a slowly absorbing material.
Buttocks
When light is focused on the eye, the _____ muscles of the iris that surround the pupil contract, making the pupil smaller, thereby limiting the amount of light striking the retina.
Circular sphincter
Which of the following is NOT a common treatment for epicondylitis?
Cold therapy
Which term means: Muscular condition in which certain muscles become shorter, permanently bending the joints?
Contracture
Which term means: Caused by a muscle that has contracted but cannot relax?
Cramp
The shoulders are protected by a triangle of muscle called the:
Deltoid
Which term means: The shoulders are protected by a triangle of muscle called this, which abducts the arm?
Deltoid
Which term means: Most important muscle in breathing?
Diaphragm
Name the muscles of respiration.
Diaphragm and intercostal
Which condition makes up about half of all cases of muscular dystrophy?
Duchenne's dystrophy
Which term means: Congenital disorders result in progressive wasting away of skeletal muscles?
Dystrophy
The most common bursae are located at the:
Elbow, knee, and shoulder
The signs and symptoms of _____ are weakness of the upper arm and pelvic muscles. Other symptoms include winging of the scapulae, lordosis, with protruding abdomen, waddling gait, poor balance, and the inability to raise the arms.
Erb's (or juvenile)
The structure that connects the mouth with the stomach is known as the:
Esophagus
Which term means: Skeletal muscle that straightens a joint?
Extensor
Another form of muscular attachment is by _____, a sheet-like, tough membrane that forms sheaths to cover and protect the muscle tissue.
Fascia
Which term means: Chronic musculoskeletal condition characterized by widespread pain?
Fibromyalgia
Which term means: Skeletal muscle that bends a joint?
Flexor
What is the main muscle in the calf of the leg?
Gastrocnemius
Which term means: The main muscle in the calf of the leg?
Gastrocnemius
When muscles function, they change stored glycogen to _____ as their source of energy.
Glucose
The _____ muscles support much of the body's weight and enable us to stand erect.
Gluteus maximus
Which term means: This muscle is located at the back of the iliac crest and stretched downward toward the greater trochanter of the femur, with the lower third of the muscle being partially covered by the gluteus maximus?
Gluteus medius
Which term means: The posterior thigh is the site of this group, which includes the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and a portion of the adductor magnus?
Hamstring
Which term means: Spasmodic contractions of the diaphragm, followed by spasmodic closure of the space between the vocal cords?
Hiccough
Which term means: End of a muscle furthest from the center of the body?
Insertion
The _____ muscles lie beneath the pectoralis major, between the ribs.
Intercostal
Which term means: These muscles lie beneath the pectoralis major, between the ribs?
Intercostal
The back is covered by a large muscle called the _____. Its main function is to extend and adduct the arm, as when swimming.
Latissimus dorsi
Which term means: Group of muscle cells and a motor neuron that function together to cause movement?
Motor unit
During strenuous activity, a great number of motor units are called on to contract, a process known as:
Muscle recruitment
The constant state of contraction that allows the body to maintain its erect position is known as:
Muscle tone
What is muscle tone?
Muscle tone is a constant state of partial muscle contraction.
Which term means: Pertaining to the muscular and skeletal systems?
Musculoskeletal
Which term means: Type of muscle tissue found only in the heart?
Myocarial muscle tissue
Which term means: Muscle that enables us to squint or wink?
Orbicularis oculi
Which term means: Muscle that allows humans to whistle, kiss, smile, grin, grimace with pain, or pout?
Orbicularis oris
Which term means: End of a muscle nearest to the center of the body?
Origin
Which term means: The main upper chest muscle?
Pectoralis major
The contracting and relaxing muscles that work food through the body in a wavelike action is called:
Peristalsis
The contracting and relaxing of muscles that works food through the body in a wavelike action is called:
Peristalsis
Which term means: Alternating action of both smooth layers, contracting and relaxing, works the food through the body in a wavelike action?
Peristalsis
What initials can you put after your name after becoming certified?
RMA
What is a sphincter?
Ring-shaped muscle that controls opening
Muscle groups are separated by membranes called:
Sheaths
When muscles contract, they become:
Shorter and thicker
Name the three types of muscle tissue and where they are located.
Skeletal - Attached to bones Smooth - Internal organs Cardiac - In heart
Which term means: Type of muscle tissue attached to bones that permits movement?
Skeletal muscle tissue
Which term means: Type of muscle tissue made of small, delicate muscle cells that is found throughout most of the internal organs of the body?
Smooth muscle tissue
Which term means: Smooth, donut-shaped muscle that pinches shut intermittently to control the flow of food, liquid, or blood?
Sphincter
Tendonitis is MOST often caused by a:
Sports-related injury
Which of the following is NOT a function of the muscles?
Storing calcium
Which term means: Commonly results from the application of too much stress to skeletal muscles while exercising or participating in athletic activities?
Strain
Which term means: Strong fibrous structure attached to rough surfaces on a bone?
Tendon
Which of the following is NOT part of the hamstring group?
Teres major
Which term means: State of maintained muscle contraction?
Tetanus
Which of the following is NOT part of the quadriceps femoris?
Tibialis anterior
What is a function of tendons?
To attach muscle to bone
This type of muscular dystrophy has increased in infants since they are now placed on their backs to prevent SIDS. The sternocleidomastoid muscle shortens due to the position.
Torticollis
Which term means: Neck deformity that bends the head to the affected side and rotates the chin toward the opposite side?
Torticollis
The _____ not only supports the head but also extends down the back and shoulders, giving us the ability to raise and throw back the shoulders.
Trapezius
The extensor muscle that straightens the elbow is the:
Triceps
What does "insertion" refer to?
Where the muscle attaches to the bone to be moved
What does "origin" refer to?
Where the muscle has its anchor attachment