chapter 14 objectives- lymphatic system & immunity
what structure filters lymph?
lymph nodes
bronchodilation
opening of bronchi treat asthma patients with this
mucus and cilia in
prevent infection and movement of thing such as air -- smokers cough!! POWERPOINT
Natural Killer cells
primarily involved in killing virus infected cells and tumor cells
when activated, what do B cells do?
produce antibodies
when activated, what do cytotoxic T cells do?
produce the effects of cell-mediated immunity
antigen receptors
proteins on the surfaces of lymphocytes
Which lymphoid structure filters blood?
spleen
what part of the antibody binds to immune cells such as basophl, mast cells, neutrophils and macrophages?
the constant region
how long does it take to make antibodies during the primary immune response and the secondary immune response?
the primary response normally takes 3-14 days to produce enough antibodies to be effective against the antigen. The secondary immune response starts producing antibodies in hours to a few days
what does the variable region of an antibody do?
the variable region is a part f an antibody that combines with an antigen. It is responsible for the specificity of the antibody.
where does maturation of T cells occur?
thymus
antibodies
are protein in the plasma that are responsible for antibody-mediated immunity - bind specifically to an antigen
basophils
involved in releasing inflammatory mediators and promoting inflammation
spleen
- filters blood instead of lymph - located in the superior mediastinum, the partition dividing the thoracic cavity into left and right parts
thymus
- site for the maturation class of lymphocytes called T cells
where does a lymph originate from, where does it go, and how is it transported in the body?
-Lymph comes from the extra 3 L of interstitial fluid that remains in the interstitial spaces after the other 27 L moves back into the blood capillaries. -The 3 L of fluid enters the lymphatic capillaries where it is called lymph, and it passes through the lymphatic vessels to return to the blood. -The lymphatic system carried fluid in one direction, from tissues to the circulatory system.
antigen
-a substance that induces a state of sensitivity or resistance to microorganisms or toxic substances after a latent period - substance that stimulates the adaptive immune system
is vaccination a form of active immunity or passive immunity?
-active immunity - passive is indirect ex: baby in the womb
lymph nodes
-distributed along the various lymphatic vessels and most lymph passes through at least one lymph node before entering the blood - superficial lymph nodes are found in the groin, armpit, and cervical nodes in the neck - activate the immune system
adaptive immunity
-immune system response in which there is an ability to recognize, remember, and destroy a specific antigen - has memory - can distinguish among various types of bacteria - response during second exposure to something is quicker and stronger than the response was the first time because the immune system exhibits memory for the bacteria from the first experience
innate immunity
-immune system response that is the same on each expose to an antigen - there is no ability to remember previous exposure to a specific antigen - recognizes general types of pathogens - each response is the same pace because it has no memory of previous encounters
tonsils
-located inside the mouth -form a protective ring of lymphatic tissue around the openings between the nasal and oral cavities and the pharynx - protect against pathogens and other potentially harmful materials entering the nose or mouth
what is the difference between foreign antigens and self-antigens?
-self antigens are produced by the body - foreign antigens are introduced into the body
three main functions of the lymphatic system
1. fluid balance 2. fat absorption 3. defense
major lymphatic organs
1. tonsils 2. lymph nodes 3. spleen 4. thymus
What immune system is the epithelial skin barrier apart of?
innate immune system
which type of adaptive immunity involves antibody production?
antibody-mediated immunity
two types of adaptive immunity
antibody-mediated immunity cell-mediated immunity
B-cell receptors
antigen receptors on B cells
T-cell receptors
antigen receptors on T cells
neutrophils and macrophages
are phagocytic cells with the goal of destroying the invading pathogen or ingested material
MHC class I and II proteins present processed antigen on the surface of cells to which type of cell?
helper T cells
What do helper T cells activate?
helper T cells have a glycoprotein called CD4, which helps connect helper T cells to macrophage by binding to MHC class II molecules
antibody-mediated immunity
immunity resulting from B cells and the production of antibodies
cell-mediated immunity
immunity resulting from the actions of T cells