Chapter 14 Self Study

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A nerve is...

A bundle of parallel axons

Factors that affect PNS regeneration

Amount of damage Distance btwn injury and effector organ

Endoneurium is made of

Areolar connective tissue

What functional division of the nervous system provides involuntary control of smooth muscle?

Autonomic motor

What helps connect the axon to the soma?

Axon hillock

What are the reasons for very limited regeneration of damaged axons in CNS?

Axons are crowded in the CNS Astrocytes create scar tissue inhibiting growth

The neurons in the retina of the eye are...?

Bipolar

fascicle

Bundle of axons

Satellite cells are found surrounding ..?

Cell bodies

Ependymal cells help produce?

Cerebrospinal fluid

Two primary functions of the nervous system

Control and communication

The neural plate is a thickened region of the:

Ectoderm

The muscle and gland cells that receive nerve impulses from motor neurons are called...

Effectors

Synapses are classified as:

Electrical and chemical

Order the connective tissue wrappings of a nerve from deep to superficial

Endoneurium Perineurium Epineurium

True or false: neurons far outnumber glial cells

False

Myelin sheath is made of a large portion of...

Fats

How are neurons classified depending on the direction the nerve impulse travels?

Functionally

Peripheral nervous system is composed of what structures?

Ganglia Spinal nerves Cranial nerves

Unipolar neurons

Have a single process that emerges from the cell body and branches like a T

Function of Astrocytes

Help form the blood brain barrier Replaces damaged neurons Regulates composition of tissue fluid

Basic characteristics of a neuron

High metabolic rate Depend on high levels of oxygen and glucose Respond to stimuli

Glial cells are found...

In both the central and peripheral nervous systems

The visceral sensory division is under _________ control

Involuntary

Which glial cell acts as a phagocyte?

Microglial cell

Three diseases caused by destruction of myelin sheath

Multi focal motor neuropathy MS Gullain-Barre syndrome

Function of oligodendrocyte

Myelinated axons in the CNS

Function of neurolemmocytes

Myelinated axons in the PNS

What has several neurons processing the same info at one time?

Parallel-after-discharge circuits

Function of microglial cells

Phagocytize waste

A tumor that originated within the organ it is found is called a ...

Primary tumor

Function of satellite cells

Protects cell bodies in PNS ganglia

Neurofibrils

Provide tensile strength for the axons and dendrites

Do dendrites send or receive messages?

Receive

A ____________ neuron transmits stimuli to the interneuron.

Sensory

If a(n) ___________ detects a painful stimulus, it will send a signal to a(n) ____________ in the CNS for processing. This may result in a(n) ___________ stimulating muscle contraction, moving the body away from the painful stimulus.

Sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron

Divisions of the motor nervous system

Somatic and autonomic

Divisions of the sensory nervous system

Somatic and visceral

Stimulus of itchy nose was detected by the _________ division of the sensory nervous system and the command to scratch was carried out by the ________ division of the motor nervous system

Somatic sensory, somatic motor

The cell bodies of most motor neurons lie in the:

Spinal cord

Central nervous system is composed of what structures?

Spinal cord Brain

What is the name of the slightly expanded region at the tip of the terminal arborizations?

Synaptic knobs

What helps create the gray color in parts of the brain and spinal cord?

The chromatophilic substance

What helps circulate the CSF?

The cilia of ependymal cells

What is responsible for OUTPUT of info from the CNS?

The motor nervous system

What division of the nervous system receives info from the eyes, ears and skin?

The somatic sensory

The blood brain barrier helps protect the brain from ...

Toxins

Where do synapses occur?

Where axons contact muscles, glands, and other neurons

Bipolar neurons

neurons with two processes, an axon and a dendrite


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