Chapter 14 Structure and Movement

osteoporosis

A bone disease that causes bones to weaken and/or become brittle.

fracture

A broken bone.

hinge joint

A joint that allows bone to move back and forth in one direction.

pivot joint

A joint that allows bone to rotate back and forth like your neck.

dermis

A thick layer of skin that gives skin strength, nourishment, and flexibility.

ball and socket joint

A type of joint that allows bone to move in nearly all directions such as your hip and shoulder.

bruise

An injury where blood vessels in the skin are broken but the skin isn't cut or opened.

cartilage

As bones grow, what do they replace?

tendons

Attach muscle to bone.

stimuli, homeostasis

Bones help to respond to ____ and maintain _____.

ligaments

Connects one bone to another.

skeletal system

Contains bones as well as other structures that connect and protect the bones and that support other functions in the body.

arthritis

Disease in which joints become irritated or inflamed, such as when cartilage in joints is damaged or wears away.

They work in pairs and pull on bones. One muscle contracts while the other relaxes and then they switch.

How do skeletal muscles work?

206

How many bones are in the human body?

integumentary system

Includes all external coverings of the body including hair, skin, and nails.

cardiac muscles

Involuntary muscles only found in the heart.

smooth muscles

Involuntary muscles that are named for smooth appearance.

spongy bone

Less dense type of bone that contains small holes.

muscle

Made of strong tissue that can contract.

periosteum

Membrane that surrounds and nourishes the bone.

skeletal muscle

Muscle that attaches to bones.

voluntary muscle

Muscle that you can consciously control.

involuntary muscle

Muscle that you can't consciously control.

skeletal, smooth, and cardiac

Name the three types of muscles.

epidermis

Outermost layer of the skin and the only layer that has direct contact with the outside environment.

melanin

Pigment that protects the body by absorbing some of the sun's ultra violet rays. Gives color to our skin, eyes, and hair.

joint

Place where two or more bones meet.

cartilage

Strong, flexible tissue that covers the ends of bones.

compact bone

The hard, outer portion of bones.

Bone marrow

The inside of bones where red blood cells are made.

third degree burn

The symptoms are black or white charred skin, numbness, months of healing, may require surgery, scarring.

first degree burn

The symptoms are pain and redness; 5-7 days of healing.

second degree burn

The symptoms are pain, redness, swelling, and blistering with 2-6 weeks of healing without scarring.

bruises, cuts, and burns

What are 3 injuries of the skin?

protection, sensory response, temperature regulation, production of vitamin D, elimination

What are some functions of the skin ?

support, protection, movement, production of red blood cells, and storage of fat and calcium

What are the functions of bones?

movement, balance, protection, temperature regulation

What are the functions of muscles?

movable and immovable

What are the two main classes of joints?

A healthy diet, and exercise

What is a good way to keep bones and muscles healthy?

striated

What is striped or ribbed muscle tissue called?

Skeletal and cardiac muscles

Which muscle types are striated?