Chapter 14

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How did the closing of the monasteries and convents affect upper-class women?

Marriage became virtually the only occupation for upper-class women.

Why did Elizabeth I have her cousin and heir, Mary Queen of Scotts, executed?

Mary became implicated in a plot to assassinate Elizabeth.

The pilgrimage of Grace attested to

Popular opposition, in northern England, to Henry VIII's reformation

Which of the following best describes Martin Luther's doctrine of salvation

Salvation came through faith alone as a free gift of God's grace

The Reformation in England was primarily the result of

The dynastic and romantic concerns of Henry VIII

Luther believed that the Church consisted of

The entire community of christian believers

In the early sixteenth century, anticlericalism focused primarily on all of the following except

The heresy of priest who preached messages contrary to church doctrine.

How did the choice to embrace or reject the reform movement occur in a territory or region in the holy roman empire

The political leader(s) of the territory or region determined whether to introduce reforms

Why did most ordinary Poles oppose the Lutheran reform movement

They held strong anti-German feelings

What was the fate of most people brought before the inquisition and accused of witchcraft?

They were sent home with a warning and ordered to do penance.

In addition to reforming the Church, what was the other goal of the Council of Trent?

To secure reconciliation with the protestants

A new religious order for women that emerged in the sixteenth century was the?

Ursuline Order

The Consistory was

a body of laymen and pastors who led Geneva.

The inquisitorial legal procedure differed from the accusatorial legal procedure in all of the following ways except

an accuser could be sued if charges were not proven

Luther's ideas about Roman exploitation of Germany

appealed to the national sentiment of the German princes

As a result of the Peace of Augsburg, the people of Germany

became either Lutheran or Catholic, depending on the preference of their prince.

The Calvinist doctrine of predestination led to a

confidence among Calvinists in their own salvation

The Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis ended the conflict known as

Hapsburg-Valois Wars

Why did John Calvin reject the idea of human free will?

Human free will would detract from the sovereignty of God.

How did Luther benefit from his appearance before the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V at the Diet of Worms?

Luther gained a larger audience for his reform ideas, and others began to challenge the church's teaching and practices.

What aided Martin Luther as his call for reform emerged?

Luther understood the power of the printing press and authorized the publication of his works

What were the Lutheran and Calvinist attitudes towards secular rulers?

Lutherans taught respect for authority, while Calvinists encouraged opposition to political authorities who were considered ungodly.

The Colloquy of Marburg

failed to resolve the differences among Protestants on the issue of the Eucharist

how did the Calvinists understand the idea of work or labor?

hard work, well done, was pleasing to God, and all work with a religious aspect was dignified

Luther viewed celibacy as

opposed to human nature and Gods commandments

France supported the protestant princes of Germany in order to

prevent Charles V from increasing his power

The dissolution of the English monasteries

resulted from Henry VIII's desire to confiscate their wealth

In Hungary, Lutheranism was

spread by hungarian students who had studied at the University of Wittenberg.

Martin Luther's first response to the Peasant's War was

to side with the peasants

The overriding goal of the Catholic religious orders established in the sixteenth century was

to uplift the moral condition of both the clergy and the laity

In religious affairs, Elizabeth I of England followed a policy that?

was a middle course between Catholic and Protestant extremes.


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