Chapter 14: The Brain and Cranial Nerves
Which best defines "cerebral cortex?"
The layer of gray matter covering the surface of the cerebral hemispheres
Which is the definition of the term "rostral"?
Toward the nose; toward the forehead; or higher (vertical)
Which cranial nerve functions to sense touch, pain, and temperature on the upper and lower face and to transmit motor impulses needed for chewing?
Trigeminal
Which nerve is indicated by the arrow in the picture of the base of the brain?
Trochlear
Which nerve is indicated by the arrow?
Trochlear
True or false: A brain wave is the electrical activity that results from voltage changes in the cells of the brain.
True
Which is least likely to get through the blood-brain barrier?
Urea
Which cranial nerve plays a major role in the control of cardiac, pulmonary, digestive and urinary functions?
Vagus
Which nerve transmits sensory signals for hearing and equilibrium?
Vestibulocochlear (VIII)
Which is a special sense?
Vision
Which are considered "special senses"?
Vision Hearing Taste Smell Equilibrium
Name the area of the brain that is responsible for interpreting the meaning of written and spoken language?
Wernicke area
Where is the gray matter of the cerebrum located?
basal nuclei, limbic system and cerebral cortex
The term ______ means "toward the tail".
caudal
Sensory perception, thought, reasoning, judgment, learning, memory, imagination, and intuition are all examples of ______.
cognition
The outer layer of the cerebrum, called the cerebral ____, is formed by gray matter.
cortex
A brain wave is a measure of the ____ activity in the cells of the brain.
electrical
Which structures produce CSF?
ependymal cells of the choroid plexus
The chief functions of the ____ lobe include voluntary motor functions, memory, mood, emotion, social judgment and aggression.
frontal
The primary motor cortex is located in the precentral gyrus of the ______ lobe.
frontal
The ____________ provides critical function in motivation, logical reasoning, expression of emotion, and social attitudes.
frontal lobe
The ____ region of the diencephalon forms the floor of the third ventricle and extends anteriorly to the optic chiasm.
hypothalamus
The deepest of the cerebral lobes, the ____________ , is also the smallest and least understood.
insula
The three-layer fibrous membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord are collectively called the ____.
meninges
The pons develops from an embryonic secondary brain vesicle called the ____.
metencephalon
How is the glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve functionally classified?
mixed
How is the abducens nerve (cranial nerve VI) classified?
motor
The frontal lobes also include the primary ____________ , which controls voluntary motor functions.
motor cortex
The ______ lobe contains the primary visual center of the brain.
occipital
Housing the visual centers, the ____________ receive input from the optic radiation.
occipital lobe
The ____ nerves (cranial nerve I) pass through the cribriform plate in the roof of the nasal cavity functioning in the sense of smell.
olfactory
The ____ lobe starts at the central sulcus and extends caudally to the parieto-occipital sulcus.
parietal
The____ lobe starts at the central sulcus and extends caudally to the parieto-occipital sulcus.
parietal
The ____________ exhibit receipt and association of general body sensations.
parietal lobes
The ______ is where a person decides the appropriate ways to show feelings.
prefrontal cortex
The letter A indicates the _____ on this diagram?
primary motor area
After an injury to the head, Hans cannot remember the past several years of his life. Hans has a type of amnesia called ____ amnesia.
retrograde
The term ______ means "toward the nose".
rostral
The ____ colliculi play an important role in visual attention and visual tracking of moving objects.
superior
Fluid-filled internal chambers of the brain are called ____.
ventricles
The portion of the cerebellum that connects the right and left cerebellar hemispheres is the ______.
vermis
Which are examples of general (aka somatosensory or somatic) senses?
-Heat -Pain -Touch -Pressure -Cold
Which cranial nerve is indicated on this diagram?
Accessory
Equilibrium involves consciousness of which of the following?
Body movements Orientation in space
Identify the temporal lobe.
D
Which letter corresponds to the vermis in this picture?
D
How many ventricles are located in the brain?
Four
Which term refers to the differences in function between the right and left sides of the cerebrum?
Hemispheric lateralization
Which cerebral lobe is located deep to the lateral sulcus and is not visible from the surface of the brain?
Insula
Which statement about the reticular formation is true?
It is a loose web of gray matter that runs through multiple levels of the brainstem.
Which groove in the brain separates the parietal lobe from the temporal lobe?
Lateral sulcus
Although it may be different in some people, the Wernicke area is usually located in which hemisphere?
Left
Which cerebral hemisphere is usually specialized for spoken and written language and for the analytical reasoning used in math?
Left
How is the accessory (XI) nerve classified?
Motor
How is the hypoglossal (XII) nerve classified according to function?
Motor
Which term refers to the sense of smell?
Olfaction
Which type of primary sensory cortex is located in the medial surface of the temporal lobe and inferior surface of the frontal lobe?
Olfactory
How is the vestibulocochlear nerve (cranial nerve VIII) functionally classified?
Predominantly Sensory
How is the oculomotor nerve (cranial nerve III) classified?
Predominantly motor
Which type of tract, found within the cerebral white matter, carries information between the cerebrum and the rest of the body?
Projection
Where does cranial nerve II originate?
Retina
How is the optic nerve (cranial nerve II) classified?
Sensory
Which cranial nerve is indicated in the figure?
Trigeminal nerve
Which nerve controls eye movement?
Trochlear (IV)
Olfaction and hearing are processed in the ____________ .
temporal lobes
The ____ is an oval-shaped structure in the diencephalon located at the superior end of the brainstem beneath the cerebral hemispheres.
thalamus
How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?
12
How many divisions does the trigeminal nerve have?
3 divisions
The cerebral cortex constitutes about ______ of the mass of the brain.
40%
How many lobes are found in each of the cerebral hemispheres?
5
How many branches does the facial nerve have?
5 branches
Which letter indicates the olfactory bulb?
A
Which nerve innervates muscles that move the eyeball laterally?
Abducens (VI)
Which nerve sends motor signals for swallowing, and moving the head, neck, and shoulders?
Accessory
Which term refers to the general inability to describe past events?
Amnesia
Where is the reticular formation located?
Brainstem and spinal cord
Most motor fibers of cranial nerves begin in which of the following?
Brainstem nuclei
Which cranial nerves are purely sensory?
CN I and II
The blood-brain barrier consists of tight junctions between which of the following?
Capillary endothelial cells
Which groove in the brain separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe?
Central sulcus
Which is NOT one of the five cerebral lobes?
Cerebellar lobe
What fills the ventricles of the brain, the central canal of the spinal cord, and the space between the CNS and dura mater?
Cerebrospinal fluid
The forebrain includes of which of the following structures?
Cerebrum, thalamus, and hypothalamus
Which term refers to the range of mental processes by which knowledge is acquired and used?
Cognition
Which type of tract, found within the cerebral white matter, carries information between the two cerebral hemispheres?
Commissural
Name the large, C-shaped structure that contains most of the commissural tracts of the brain.
Corpus callosum
Name the prominent C-shaped band of nerve tracts that connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres to each other.
Corpus callosum
The gray matter of the cerebrum forms which of the following?
Cortex
Which arise from the base of the brain, exit the cranium through its foramina, and lead to muscles and sense organs in the head and neck?
Cranial nerves
Identify the vagus (X) nerve.
E
The abducens nerve is indicated by which letter in this diagram?
E
Which term refers to the sense of balance?
Equilibrium
Where does cranial nerve III (the oculomotor nerve) terminate?
External eye muscles Constrictor of the iris Ciliary muscle of the lens
True or false: "Cerebral lateralization" refers to the fact that one of the two cerebral hemispheres is dominant in each person.
False
True or false: A lesion in the right side of the brainstem will usually cause a sensory or motor deficit on left side of the head.
False
True or false: The chief functions of the occipital lobe include voluntary motor functions, memory, mood, emotion, social judgment and aggression.
False
True or false: The chief functions of the parietal lobe include voluntary motor functions, memory, mood, emotion, social judgment and aggression.
False
True or false: The midbrain and the cerebellum interact to control emotional feelings and memories.
False
Where does optic nerve carry visual information?
From the eye to the brain
The primary motor cortex is located in the precentral gyrus of the
Frontal
Which cerebral lobe is responsible for voluntary motor function, motivation, memory, mood, and aggression?
Frontal
Which nerve transmits both sensory and motor impulses to the head, neck and thoracic region?
Glossopharyngeal (IX)
Which cranial nerve is identified by the arrow?
Hypoglossal
Which nerve controls tongue movements?
Hypoglossal
Which structure serves as the major control center of the endocrine and autonomic nervous system?
Hypothalamus
Where are the sensory receptors for equilibrium located?
Inner ear
Which term refers to the connective tissue membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord?
Meninges
The pons develops from which region of the neural tube?
Metencephalon
Where does cranial nerve III (the oculomotor nerve) originate?
Midbrain
How is the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) classified?
Mixed
How is the trigeminal nerve classified according to function?
Mixed
What type of nerve is the vagus nerve?
Mixed
How is the trochlear nerve (cranial nerve IV) classified according to
Motor
How is the trochlear nerve (cranial nerve IV) classified according to function?
Motor
How are cranial nerves traditionally classified according to function?
Motor, sensory or mixed
Where does the olfactory (I) nerve originate?
Mucosa of the nasal cavity
The medulla oblongata develops from which of the following?
Myelencephalon
The embryonic hindbrain consists of which secondary vesicles?
Myelencephalon Metencephalon
Within the first three weeks of embryonic development, the neural plate sinks and its edges thicken to form which of the following?
Neural groove
Which embryonic structure develops first?
Neural plate
Which lobe is at the rear of the head?
Occipital
Which nerve controls movements of the eyeball, and upper eyelid as well as pupillary constriction and focusing?
Oculomotor (III)
Where does the olfactory (I) nerve terminate?
Olfactory bulb
Which cranial nerve transmits sensory information for vision?
Optic (II)
Which cerebral lobe is responsible for receiving and interpreting input from the general senses, as well as for some taste and visual processing?
Parietal
Which groove in the brain separates the parietal lobe from the occipital lobe?
Parieto-occipital sulcus
Which term refers to a temporary state of unconsciousness from which one can awaken when stimulated?
Sleep
Which term refers to vision, equilibrium, hearing, taste, and smell?
Special senses
Which midbrain structures mediate visual reflexes?
Superior colliculi
Which best describes the cerebral cortex?
Surface layer of gray matter on the cerebrum
Which embryonic brain regions develop into the forebrain?
Telencephalon Diencephalon
Which structure is sometimes called the "gateway to the cerebral cortex?"
Thalamus