Chapter 14 The Digestive System

Gallbladder

Bile is stored and concentrated in the

anus

Feces is eliminated from the body through the

rectum

Feces passes from the lower large intestine into the

ingestion

Getting food into the system by putting food into the mouth, the opening to the digestive system.

diarrhea

If not enough water is absorbed as undigested material is moving through the large intestine, ___ can occur.

constipation

If too much water is absorbed as undigested material is moving through the large intestine, ___ can occur.

chemical digestion

Involves the breakdown of large molecules of food into smaller substances by enzymes

True

T/F Food is contained in the gastrointestinal tract from the time of ingestion until it is completely digested and the waste prepared for elimination.

True

T/F The digestive function of the liver is to produce bile.

False

T/F The function of the enzyme salivary amylase is to begin digesting proteins.

True

T/F The main chemical activity of the stomach is to begin the digestion of proteins.

duodenum

The ___ is the first segment of the small intestine

digestion

The chemical and mechanical process of food breakdown are called

feces

The concentrated waste material that remains after most of the water has been removed

enamel

The crown of a tooth is covered by

hydrochloric acid

Acid found in the stomach

amylase

An enzyme in saliva that can break the chemical bonds in starch is

colon

Another word for the large intestine

chyme

As the food in the stomach is repeatedly squeezed and mixed with gastric juice, it is converted into a creamy paste called

stomach

Chyme is created in the

lipids

Digestion of which of the following would be affected the most if the liver were severely damaged?

pepsin

Enzyme that breaks down protein into smaller fragments in the stomach

esophagus

Which of the following is not an accessory organ? Pancreas Liver Esophagus Gallbladder

Contains enzymes that begin the breakdown of proteins

Which of the following is not true of saliva?

amylase

You have just eaten a meal high in complex carbohydrates. Which of the following enzymes will help to digest the meal?

pancreas

You have just eaten french fries, buttered toast, ice cream, and whole milk. Which gland would be active in helping you to digest the food?

bile

____ breaks up globs of fat into smaller droplets that disperse in the watery environment of the small intestine.

bolus

A clump of food formed by the mouth is called

liver

A digestive organ that is not part of the alimentary canal is the

epiglottis

A flap of connective tissue that closes over the opening to the trachea.

bile

A fluid secreted into the small intestine during digestion when there is fat present

appendix

A small sac-like organ protruding from the beginning of the large intestine.

cardiac sphincter

A thick ring of muscle called the ____ closes the esophagus and prevents the contents of the stomach from flowing back.

nutrient free

By the time chyme is ready to leave the small intestine, it is basically _____.

mechanical digestion

Chewing food and breaking it into smaller pieces

pancreas - production of insulin

Choose the correct pair of accessory organs and their function Pancreas - production of insulin Gallbladder - production of bile Salivary - production of protein-digesting enzymes Liver - production of nucleases

Vitamin K deficiency

Large doses of antibiotics to treat infection can result in

liver

Letter B is pointing to

gallbladder

Letter C is pointing to

large intestine

Letter D is pointing to

rectum

Letter E is pointing to

esophagus

Letter H is pointing to

stomach

Letter I is pointing to

pancreas

Letter J is pointing to

small intestine

Letter K is pointing to

anus

Letter L is pointing to

pyloric valve

Located between the stomach and small intestine, and opens and closes, controlling the chyme that enters the small intestine.

mucous

Lubricates and protects the stomach

absorption

Once food has been broken down into small molecules, it is taken in by cells in the small intestine.

protein

Pepsin enzymatically digests

stomach

Peptic ulcers are most commonly found in the

smooth muscle contraction

Peristalsis of the digestive tract is carried out by

digestion

Process of food being broken down

elimination

Process where undigested food that is removed from the body

stomach

Proteins are primarily broken down in the

enzymes

Proteins that speed up chemical reactions are called

bile storage

Removal of the gallbladder directly affects

bacteria

Rich colonies of ___ are present in the large intestine which produce important compounds to be used by the body.

Epiglottis

Swallowed food does not enter the lungs because of the function of this structure

False

T/F Chemical digestion of lipids begins in the mouth.

False

T/F Contractions of smooth muscles provide the force that moves food through the esophagus towards the stomach in a process known as mastication.

Remove water from undigested material

The function of the large intestine

Bile would be released from the gallbladder to emulsify the fat in the duodenum

The ingestion of a meal high in fat content would cause which of the following to occur?

Shorter than the small intestine, but has larger diameter

The large intestine is

mastication

The loss of teeth reduces this digestive system capability

remove waste material

The major function of the large intestine is to

small intestine

The major site for nutrient absorption is the

secretion of digestive enzymes

The pancreas carries out the following digestive system function

nervous

The release of saliva is under the control of the ___ system

esophagus

Tube that moves from the back of the throat to the stomach

small intestine

Villi and microvilli increase the surface area of the

overeating and overdrinking

What causes heartburn?

produces bile

What does the liver do to help digestion?

vitamin K

What important nutrient is made in the large intestine?

mouth

What is the first part of the digestive system that food passes through?

To increase the surface area for absorption and secretion

What is the function of the villi in the small intestine?

liver

What organ assists the pancreas in fat digestion?

liver

What organ is bile made in?

pancreas

What organ produces sodium bicarbonate?

Sodium Bicarbonate

What substance produced by the pancreas neutralizes stomach acid?

appendicitis

When the appendix becomes clogged and inflamed.

large intestine

Where does chyme go after the small intestine?

small intestine

Where does chyme go after the stomach?

the mouth

Where does mechanical digestion begin?

proteins are broken down

Which action takes place in the stomach?

gastrin

Which hormone is produced by the stomach?

spleen

Which is not a part of the digestive system? Spleen Esophagus Stomach Colon Pharynx

liver

Which of the following is an accessory organ of the digestive system?

Carries oxygen to the cells of the body, Removes carbon dioxide from the body

Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system?

production of urea

Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system?

intestines

Which of the following is not an accessory organ of the digestive system? Salivary glands Teeth Tongue Intestines