Chapter 14 The Digestive System
Gallbladder
Bile is stored and concentrated in the
anus
Feces is eliminated from the body through the
rectum
Feces passes from the lower large intestine into the
ingestion
Getting food into the system by putting food into the mouth, the opening to the digestive system.
diarrhea
If not enough water is absorbed as undigested material is moving through the large intestine, ___ can occur.
constipation
If too much water is absorbed as undigested material is moving through the large intestine, ___ can occur.
chemical digestion
Involves the breakdown of large molecules of food into smaller substances by enzymes
True
T/F Food is contained in the gastrointestinal tract from the time of ingestion until it is completely digested and the waste prepared for elimination.
True
T/F The digestive function of the liver is to produce bile.
False
T/F The function of the enzyme salivary amylase is to begin digesting proteins.
True
T/F The main chemical activity of the stomach is to begin the digestion of proteins.
duodenum
The ___ is the first segment of the small intestine
digestion
The chemical and mechanical process of food breakdown are called
feces
The concentrated waste material that remains after most of the water has been removed
enamel
The crown of a tooth is covered by
hydrochloric acid
Acid found in the stomach
amylase
An enzyme in saliva that can break the chemical bonds in starch is
colon
Another word for the large intestine
chyme
As the food in the stomach is repeatedly squeezed and mixed with gastric juice, it is converted into a creamy paste called
stomach
Chyme is created in the
lipids
Digestion of which of the following would be affected the most if the liver were severely damaged?
pepsin
Enzyme that breaks down protein into smaller fragments in the stomach
esophagus
Which of the following is not an accessory organ? Pancreas Liver Esophagus Gallbladder
Contains enzymes that begin the breakdown of proteins
Which of the following is not true of saliva?
amylase
You have just eaten a meal high in complex carbohydrates. Which of the following enzymes will help to digest the meal?
pancreas
You have just eaten french fries, buttered toast, ice cream, and whole milk. Which gland would be active in helping you to digest the food?
bile
____ breaks up globs of fat into smaller droplets that disperse in the watery environment of the small intestine.
bolus
A clump of food formed by the mouth is called
liver
A digestive organ that is not part of the alimentary canal is the
epiglottis
A flap of connective tissue that closes over the opening to the trachea.
bile
A fluid secreted into the small intestine during digestion when there is fat present
appendix
A small sac-like organ protruding from the beginning of the large intestine.
cardiac sphincter
A thick ring of muscle called the ____ closes the esophagus and prevents the contents of the stomach from flowing back.
nutrient free
By the time chyme is ready to leave the small intestine, it is basically _____.
mechanical digestion
Chewing food and breaking it into smaller pieces
pancreas - production of insulin
Choose the correct pair of accessory organs and their function Pancreas - production of insulin Gallbladder - production of bile Salivary - production of protein-digesting enzymes Liver - production of nucleases
Vitamin K deficiency
Large doses of antibiotics to treat infection can result in
liver
Letter B is pointing to
gallbladder
Letter C is pointing to
large intestine
Letter D is pointing to
rectum
Letter E is pointing to
esophagus
Letter H is pointing to
stomach
Letter I is pointing to
pancreas
Letter J is pointing to
small intestine
Letter K is pointing to
anus
Letter L is pointing to
pyloric valve
Located between the stomach and small intestine, and opens and closes, controlling the chyme that enters the small intestine.
mucous
Lubricates and protects the stomach
absorption
Once food has been broken down into small molecules, it is taken in by cells in the small intestine.
protein
Pepsin enzymatically digests
stomach
Peptic ulcers are most commonly found in the
smooth muscle contraction
Peristalsis of the digestive tract is carried out by
digestion
Process of food being broken down
elimination
Process where undigested food that is removed from the body
stomach
Proteins are primarily broken down in the
enzymes
Proteins that speed up chemical reactions are called
bile storage
Removal of the gallbladder directly affects
bacteria
Rich colonies of ___ are present in the large intestine which produce important compounds to be used by the body.
Epiglottis
Swallowed food does not enter the lungs because of the function of this structure
False
T/F Chemical digestion of lipids begins in the mouth.
False
T/F Contractions of smooth muscles provide the force that moves food through the esophagus towards the stomach in a process known as mastication.
Remove water from undigested material
The function of the large intestine
Bile would be released from the gallbladder to emulsify the fat in the duodenum
The ingestion of a meal high in fat content would cause which of the following to occur?
Shorter than the small intestine, but has larger diameter
The large intestine is
mastication
The loss of teeth reduces this digestive system capability
remove waste material
The major function of the large intestine is to
small intestine
The major site for nutrient absorption is the
secretion of digestive enzymes
The pancreas carries out the following digestive system function
nervous
The release of saliva is under the control of the ___ system
esophagus
Tube that moves from the back of the throat to the stomach
small intestine
Villi and microvilli increase the surface area of the
overeating and overdrinking
What causes heartburn?
produces bile
What does the liver do to help digestion?
vitamin K
What important nutrient is made in the large intestine?
mouth
What is the first part of the digestive system that food passes through?
To increase the surface area for absorption and secretion
What is the function of the villi in the small intestine?
liver
What organ assists the pancreas in fat digestion?
liver
What organ is bile made in?
pancreas
What organ produces sodium bicarbonate?
Sodium Bicarbonate
What substance produced by the pancreas neutralizes stomach acid?
appendicitis
When the appendix becomes clogged and inflamed.
large intestine
Where does chyme go after the small intestine?
small intestine
Where does chyme go after the stomach?
the mouth
Where does mechanical digestion begin?
proteins are broken down
Which action takes place in the stomach?
gastrin
Which hormone is produced by the stomach?
spleen
Which is not a part of the digestive system? Spleen Esophagus Stomach Colon Pharynx
liver
Which of the following is an accessory organ of the digestive system?
Carries oxygen to the cells of the body, Removes carbon dioxide from the body
Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system?
production of urea
Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system?
intestines
Which of the following is not an accessory organ of the digestive system? Salivary glands Teeth Tongue Intestines