Chapter 14 — US History
factory
IWW was a _____ labor union
the Great Strike of 1877
What strike did Mary Harris Jones support?
Pullman, Illinois
What was the town called that George Pullman created for his workers to live?
- holding companies - merged companies together - financed companies
What were some business strategies of J.P. Morgan?
- joined competing companies in trust agreements - paid employees low wages - drove his competitors out of business - robber baron
What were some business strategies of John D. Rockefeller?
Andrew Carnegie; Carnegie
created the _______ Steel Company, and eventually controlled almost the entire steel industry
John D. Rockefeller
established the Standard Oil Company, he joined with competing companies in trust agreements.
Interstate Commerce Act
established the right of the federal government to supervise railroad activities and established a five-member Interstate Commerce Commision (ICC) for that purpose
Eugene V. Debs
formed the American Railroad Union
George M. Pullman
he built a factory for manufacturing sleepers and other railroad cars on the Illinois prairie
Samuel Gompers
he led the Cigar Makers' International Union to join with other craft unions in 1886
skilled
AFL only hired ______ workers
police brutality
The Haymarket Affair protested what?
No, the president Rutherford B Hayes sent in federal troops bc the strike was interrupting free trade.
Was the Great Strike of 1877 successful?
because wages were cute two times in 2 months
What caused the workers to strike during the Great Strike of 1877
- industry increased - economy boosted - allowed people to live further from the work place - led to the creation of time zones - people could vacation and visit family - opened new markets for farmers
What were some effects of the transcontinental railroad?
- limited his competition by vertical and horizontal integration - found cheaper ways to produce quality products - offered talented people stock in the company
What were some of Andrew Carnegie's business strategies?
benefits : a job, a nice home, cheaper rent, accommodation disadvantages: personal life is monitored, no alcohol, no hanging on your front steps
What were the benefits of living in an employee town like Pullman? What are the disadvantages?
the Traingle Shirtwest Factory
Where did the fire occur where employees were trapped inside because fire escapes were locked?
the Clayton Antitrust Act clearly defined what a trust was
Which act replaced the Sherman Antitrust Act after it wasn't clear of what a trust was?
Eugene Debs
Who came in to defend the employees at the Pullman strike?
George M. Pullman
Who constructed a town strictly for his workers to live in?
Chinese & Japenese
Who did the AFL exclude?
Chinese
Who did the Knights of Labor exclude?
blacks
Who did the NLU exclude?
the Baltimore and Ohio railroad
Who did the strikers work for in the Great Strike of 1877?
Eugene Debs
Who founded the American Railway Union?
Henry Frick
Who was Carnegie's manager while he was overseas?
Samuel Gompers
Who was the president of the American Federation of labor?
- government support of businesses - vast resources - cheap labor (mostly immigrants)
Why did America become the worlds leading industrial power?
because of poor working condition; striked in the Carnegie Steel Company
Why did employee strike at the Homestead Strike?
Pullman reduced the wages of workers and didn't reduce the renting cost
Why did the Pullman Strike occur?
Colored Labor Union was created bc they NLU excluded blacks
Why was the CLU formed and what does it stand for?
Henry Frick
______ tried to cut wages of the employees working at the Carnegie Steel Company in attempt to profit more money for Carnegie
American Railway Union
___________ protected railway workers
Bessemer process
a cheap and efficient process for making steel, developed around 1850
vertical integration
a company's taking over its suppliers and distributors and transportation systems to gain total control over the quality and cost of its product
Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)
a labor organization for unskilled workers, formed by a group of radical unionists and socialists in 1905
Sherman Antitrust Act
a law that was intended to prevent the creation of monopolies by making it illegal to establish trusts that interfered with free trade
transcontinental railroad
a railroad line linking the Atlantic to the Pacific coasts of the US, completed in 1869
Munn vs. Illinois
an 1877 case in which the Supreme Court upheld states' regulation of railroads for the benefit of farmers and consumers, thus establishing the right of government to regulate private industry to serve the public interest
American Federation of Labor
an alliance of trade and craft unions
Social Darwinism
an economic and social philosophy holding that a system of unrestrained competition will ensure the survival of the fittest
Alexander Graham Bell
invented the telephone along with his assistant, Thomas Watson in 1876
Christopher Sholes
invented the type writer in 1867
Edwin L. Drake
successfully used a steam engine to drill for oil
Social Darwinism
the idea that business with better business tactics will succeed in the industry
horizontal integration
the merging of companies that make similar products
immigrants in America accepted cheap pay and worked for cheap labor
what does cheap labor mean?
no laws were passed to support workers so the businesses had free reign over many things in the business
what does government support of businesses mean?
America was large with territory that had many resources like steel, iron, coal, timber, lumber
what does vast resources mean?
steel
what industry was Andrew Carnegie in?
oil
what industry was John D. Rockefeller in?
child labor laws
what laws did Mother Jones help pass?
Mother Jones
what was Mary Harris Jones nickname?
MotherJones
what was Mary Harris Jones nickname?
a trust
when many companies work together to maintain control of the market, achieved this by merging stocks
Promontory, Utah; the Union Pacific started in Nebraska to out west and Central Pacific started in Sacramento, CA and the two met in the middle at Promontory
where did the transcontinental railroad meet and how?
Union Pacific - European immigrants especially Irish Central Pacific - Asian immigrants especially Chinese
who mainly worked on the transcontinental railroad for the Union Pacific and the Central Pacific?
Professor Dowd
who split up the world into 24 different time zones?
they caused problems for the railroad
why were differing time zones a problem?
to protect the workers; dealt with pay, benefits and hours
why were labor unions formed?
many employees endured dangerous condition, extremely low pay, and long hours, so the union prevented these things
why were labor unions needed in the late 1800s?
