Chapter 14:keeping with the republic
@Closed primary @semi-open primary
In order for citizens to participate in a _they must be registered party members
True
Party identification is the single most important factor in determining who citizens vote for
Prospective voting
Which is considered the ideal model of policy voting?
Married women vote more conservatively than single women.
Which is true regarding women and voting?
Instant Runoff Voting
Which of the following alternatives to the electoral college system requires that voters rank the candidates according to their preferences?
direct voting
Which of the following alternatives to the electoral college system would ensure that a Candidate could win with just a plurality, not a majority, of a vote?
retrospective voting
basing voting decisions on reactions to past performance; approving the status quo or a desire for change
prospective voting
basing voting decisions on well-informed opinions and consideration of the future consequences of a given vote
negative advertising
campaign advertising that emphasizes the negative characteristics of opponents rather than one's own strengths
hard money
campaign funds donated directly to candidates; amounts are limited by federal election laws
oppo research
investigation of an opponent's background for the purpose of exploiting weaknesses or undermining credibility
Valence issues
issues on which most voters and candidates share the same position
Position issues
issues on which the parties differ in their perspectives and proposed solutions
Motor Voter Act
legislation allowing citizens to register to vote at the same time they apply for a driver's license or other state benefit
Caucus
local gathering of party members to choose convention delegates
government matching funds
money given by the federal government to qualified presidential candidates in the primary and general election campaigns
soft money
unregulated campaign contributions by individuals, groups, or parties that promote general election activities but do not directly support individual candidates
wedge issue
A Democratic candidate takes a firm stance on expanding a few federally funded social service program in an attempt to split the opposing party supporters and recruit some of the those supporters for himself. This would be considered what type of issue?
voter mobilization is
A party attempt to educate on issues and candidates in order to persuade them to vote
regulating the electorate
Bonita believes that law should be put into place that make it difficult for ill-informed voters to cast a ballot what process is Bonita supporting?
Does not produce the best candidates
In modern times, some argue that the Democratic selection of leaders_
Issues of ownership
A strategy of candidates is to convince voters that _ are the most important issues of the election.
political efficacy
After voting in her first election, Alyson is excited and feels like she is doing her part to contribute to making her community a better place. what term does this exemplify?
education
Although _ has increased over time, voter turnout has barely made it above 60% in the last thirty years.
proportional voting
Candidates would be more likely to campaign in all fifty states, since races would no longer be zero-sum games for them in which of the following alternatives to the electoral college system?
Longer voting hours,extended periods of early voting
Cornelius is registered Democrat and has been for several years. based solely on his political affiliation, which is Cornelius most likely to support?
Performing oppo research
Corsica works for a presidential campaign. Her job is to research the other candidate and find areas where the candidate has "flip-flopped" on important issues or lacks experience. What does this exemplify
voter mobilization
During a presidential election, Andre receives a number of mass emails from different political candidates. Each email outlines what that particular candidate believes and encourages Andre to vote a certain way on election date. What does this exemplify?
False
During presidential elections, each citizen who casts a vote is voting directly for the candidates he or she supports
@gives the impression of momentum @garners favor from founders.@establishes their candidate as the front-runner
During the primary race, a politicians team works to build a compelling narrative that
A single type of citizen
Early studies of democracy concluded that which of the following would yield a citizenry plagued by conflict?
True
Elections do hold elected officials accountable
True
Elections give mediated citizens a way to rally around shared points of interest
True
Elections provide a safe means for citizens to voice their displeasure.
@a invisible primary, @an exploratory committee
Elle is interested in running for president. during the pre-primary season, Elle forms a group of people who take polls and leak stories to determine with Elle is a viable candidate. What does this exemplify?
False
Evidence shows that people do not actually learn useful political information from political advertisements
A Caucus
Grassroots members of a party gather to determine their party's convention delegates. This is called_
stable
In the political specialization view, an electorate that is vastly different creates a democracy that is_
High level of social connectedness
Keith is passionate about the neighborhood he lives in. He volunteers on the neighborhood association board and plans the neighborhood's annual block party one of the reasons Keith loves the neighborhood so much is because he grew up there, attended primary school there,and is active in a local church. what does keith exemplify?
lower voter turnout
Low levels of political efficacy lead to_
@Invisible primary-candidates test the waters to see if they have support and funding @exploratory committee-candidates file with the federal election commission to start fundraising @serious candidate-candidate raises large amounts of funding and positions himself or herself as a seasoned politician @announcing candidacy-candidates make promises to supporters,set agendas, and captures media attention
Match each stage of the pre-primary with a description of what occurs in that stage
@Young Hispanic man @young Asian women
Modern democracy is mostly likely biased against which of the following people?
Capture swing voters
Most of the fall presidential campaign is spent trying to
A wide diversity of citizens
Several modern studies of democracy indicate that modern democracy functions better with_
@mostly responsive to short term factors @mostly nonpartisan
Studies seem to show that non voters are_
unwise and unreliable
The U.S Constitution shows that when it came to elections, the founders feared the general public was
False
The federal government controls most rules that regulate the electorate
Limit the power of the general public
The founders originally designed the electoral college to_
True
The modern model of democracy is disadvantages to those who are young,poor, and uneducated
False
The sharp partisan divide over voter restrictions shows that voter rights and regulations are really a fight over ensuring the integrity of the electoral process
Presidential elections
Turnout is highest during _
@caused them to be less represented in government process,@been lower than that of white
Voter turnout among members of racial and ethnic minorities has traditionally_
The benefit of voting is influencing the government
Voting maybe viewed as irrational when a citizen has which view?
Be disappointed, but accept the results
Wanda strongly supports a particular candidate before the election Wanda volunteers for the candidates campaign and keeps a sign publicizing the candidates in her window. although she vote for the candidate on Election Day the candidate she wants does not win because elections legitimize leader ship and provide system stability wonder why most likely
There is a direct relationship between government policies and elections.
What do scholars note about the relationship between elections of policies the government enacts?
All require an electorate that chooses leaders
What do the elite model,pluralist model,and participatory models of democracy have in common
Force office holders to be accountable for their actions
What is one reason why elections matter
Higher levels of partisanship yield lower levels of voter turnout
What is the relationship between partisanship and voter turnout?
Low levels of social connectedness cause low levels of voter turnout
What is the relationship between social connectedness and voter turnout?
@ The debate has intensified as the parties have become more polarized.@ The debate has become a partisan power struggle
What is true regarding the debate over how easy it should be to vote in the US?
social connectedness
What term describes a citizen's involve in groups and relationship to their communities
Retrospective voting
What term describes someone who votes for a candidate based on their past performance
@potential candidates attempt to begin raising money.@potential candidates determine how much support they might have
What typically occurs during an invisible primary during a presidential election?
@legitimation and system stability,@citizen development
Which functions of elections may be most affected by low voter turnout?
retrospective voting
When considering who to vote for in a presidential election, Madeline considers how the country has done over the past four years and whether she agrees with the Decisions the incumbent made during this time. She decides to vote for the incumbent to support the same type of changes moving forward. What does this exemplify?
The convention
When is the Vice Presidential-candidate officially named
False
When people do not participate in elections, they will experience higher levels of political efficacy
Valence issues
When running for president, a candidate emphasizes that he supports a strong economy and a cleaner environment in his stump speech. the candidate is talking about_
@nonvoters would likely have little effect in changing election results.@results of no voting are contradictory
When studies have been conducted on non voters, their results have suggested which of the following?
@voters often use this type of voting along with prospective voting. @some scholars believe it is the only type of voting needed @it is a way to hold politicians accountable
Which are common beliefs about prospective voting?
@Candidates who are well-known @Candidates who are incumbents @well-funded candidates
Which candidate does front-loading favor
@Sincerity@trustworthiness@experience
Which qualities would likely be most influential in a presidential election?
Women vote more than men
Which statement about votership is true?
The president candidate
Who chooses the v.p candidate?
@a 68yr old male who is a college professor. @a 50yr old white female who owns her own business
Who is more likely to vote?
To attract the highest level of interest from candidates
Why might a state want to engage in front-loading?
Policy direction
_is a function of elections that, in theory, keeps leaders responsive to the governed
regulating the electorate
_refers to the process of establishing guidelines that indicate who can vote and how difficult or easy it is to vote.
The Motor voter act
_requires states to take a move active role in voter registration
exploratory committee
a committee formed to determine the viability of one's candidacy for office; activities may include polling, travel, and other communications relevant to the purpose
wedge issues
a controversial issue that one party uses to split the voters in the other party
voter mobilization
a party's efforts to inform potential voters about issues and candidates and to persuade them to vote
issue advocacy ads
advertisements paid for by soft money, and thus not regulated, that promote certain issue positions but do not endorse specific candidates
presidential primary
an election by which voters choose convention delegates committed to voting for a certain candidate
Electoral College
an intermediary body that elects the president
political efficacy
citizens' feelings of effectiveness in political affairs
social connectedness
citizens' involvement in groups and their relationships to their communities and families
Invisible primary
early attempts to raise money, line up campaign consultants, generate media attention, and get commitments for support even before candidates announce they are running
get-out-the-vote (GOTV) drives
efforts by political parties, interest groups, and the candidate's staff to maximize voter turnout among supporters
swing voters
the approximately one-third of the electorate who are undecided at the start of a campaign
front-runner
the leading candidate and expected winner of a nomination or an election
electoral mandate
the perception that an election victory signals broad support for the winner's proposed policies
front-loading
the process of scheduling presidential primaries early in the primary season
regulating the electorate
the process of setting rules that define who can vote and how difficult or easy it will be to cast a ballot in an election
issue ownership
the tendency of one party to be seen as more competent in a specific policy area
Momentum
the widely held public perception that a candidate is gaining electoral strength
