Chapter 14:keeping with the republic

@Closed primary @semi-open primary

In order for citizens to participate in a _they must be registered party members

True

Party identification is the single most important factor in determining who citizens vote for

Prospective voting

Which is considered the ideal model of policy voting?

Married women vote more conservatively than single women.

Which is true regarding women and voting?

Instant Runoff Voting

Which of the following alternatives to the electoral college system requires that voters rank the candidates according to their preferences?

direct voting

Which of the following alternatives to the electoral college system would ensure that a Candidate could win with just a plurality, not a majority, of a vote?

retrospective voting

basing voting decisions on reactions to past performance; approving the status quo or a desire for change

prospective voting

basing voting decisions on well-informed opinions and consideration of the future consequences of a given vote

negative advertising

campaign advertising that emphasizes the negative characteristics of opponents rather than one's own strengths

hard money

campaign funds donated directly to candidates; amounts are limited by federal election laws

oppo research

investigation of an opponent's background for the purpose of exploiting weaknesses or undermining credibility

Valence issues

issues on which most voters and candidates share the same position

Position issues

issues on which the parties differ in their perspectives and proposed solutions

Motor Voter Act

legislation allowing citizens to register to vote at the same time they apply for a driver's license or other state benefit

Caucus

local gathering of party members to choose convention delegates

government matching funds

money given by the federal government to qualified presidential candidates in the primary and general election campaigns

soft money

unregulated campaign contributions by individuals, groups, or parties that promote general election activities but do not directly support individual candidates

wedge issue

A Democratic candidate takes a firm stance on expanding a few federally funded social service program in an attempt to split the opposing party supporters and recruit some of the those supporters for himself. This would be considered what type of issue?

voter mobilization is

A party attempt to educate on issues and candidates in order to persuade them to vote

regulating the electorate

Bonita believes that law should be put into place that make it difficult for ill-informed voters to cast a ballot what process is Bonita supporting?

Does not produce the best candidates

In modern times, some argue that the Democratic selection of leaders_

Issues of ownership

A strategy of candidates is to convince voters that _ are the most important issues of the election.

political efficacy

After voting in her first election, Alyson is excited and feels like she is doing her part to contribute to making her community a better place. what term does this exemplify?

education

Although _ has increased over time, voter turnout has barely made it above 60% in the last thirty years.

proportional voting

Candidates would be more likely to campaign in all fifty states, since races would no longer be zero-sum games for them in which of the following alternatives to the electoral college system?

Longer voting hours,extended periods of early voting

Cornelius is registered Democrat and has been for several years. based solely on his political affiliation, which is Cornelius most likely to support?

Performing oppo research

Corsica works for a presidential campaign. Her job is to research the other candidate and find areas where the candidate has "flip-flopped" on important issues or lacks experience. What does this exemplify

voter mobilization

During a presidential election, Andre receives a number of mass emails from different political candidates. Each email outlines what that particular candidate believes and encourages Andre to vote a certain way on election date. What does this exemplify?

False

During presidential elections, each citizen who casts a vote is voting directly for the candidates he or she supports

@gives the impression of momentum @garners favor from founders.@establishes their candidate as the front-runner

During the primary race, a politicians team works to build a compelling narrative that

A single type of citizen

Early studies of democracy concluded that which of the following would yield a citizenry plagued by conflict?

True

Elections do hold elected officials accountable

True

Elections give mediated citizens a way to rally around shared points of interest

True

Elections provide a safe means for citizens to voice their displeasure.

@a invisible primary, @an exploratory committee

Elle is interested in running for president. during the pre-primary season, Elle forms a group of people who take polls and leak stories to determine with Elle is a viable candidate. What does this exemplify?

False

Evidence shows that people do not actually learn useful political information from political advertisements

A Caucus

Grassroots members of a party gather to determine their party's convention delegates. This is called_

stable

In the political specialization view, an electorate that is vastly different creates a democracy that is_

High level of social connectedness

Keith is passionate about the neighborhood he lives in. He volunteers on the neighborhood association board and plans the neighborhood's annual block party one of the reasons Keith loves the neighborhood so much is because he grew up there, attended primary school there,and is active in a local church. what does keith exemplify?

lower voter turnout

Low levels of political efficacy lead to_

@Invisible primary-candidates test the waters to see if they have support and funding @exploratory committee-candidates file with the federal election commission to start fundraising @serious candidate-candidate raises large amounts of funding and positions himself or herself as a seasoned politician @announcing candidacy-candidates make promises to supporters,set agendas, and captures media attention

Match each stage of the pre-primary with a description of what occurs in that stage

@Young Hispanic man @young Asian women

Modern democracy is mostly likely biased against which of the following people?

Capture swing voters

Most of the fall presidential campaign is spent trying to

A wide diversity of citizens

Several modern studies of democracy indicate that modern democracy functions better with_

@mostly responsive to short term factors @mostly nonpartisan

Studies seem to show that non voters are_

unwise and unreliable

The U.S Constitution shows that when it came to elections, the founders feared the general public was

False

The federal government controls most rules that regulate the electorate

Limit the power of the general public

The founders originally designed the electoral college to_

True

The modern model of democracy is disadvantages to those who are young,poor, and uneducated

False

The sharp partisan divide over voter restrictions shows that voter rights and regulations are really a fight over ensuring the integrity of the electoral process

Presidential elections

Turnout is highest during _

@caused them to be less represented in government process,@been lower than that of white

Voter turnout among members of racial and ethnic minorities has traditionally_

The benefit of voting is influencing the government

Voting maybe viewed as irrational when a citizen has which view?

Be disappointed, but accept the results

Wanda strongly supports a particular candidate before the election Wanda volunteers for the candidates campaign and keeps a sign publicizing the candidates in her window. although she vote for the candidate on Election Day the candidate she wants does not win because elections legitimize leader ship and provide system stability wonder why most likely

There is a direct relationship between government policies and elections.

What do scholars note about the relationship between elections of policies the government enacts?

All require an electorate that chooses leaders

What do the elite model,pluralist model,and participatory models of democracy have in common

Force office holders to be accountable for their actions

What is one reason why elections matter

Higher levels of partisanship yield lower levels of voter turnout

What is the relationship between partisanship and voter turnout?

Low levels of social connectedness cause low levels of voter turnout

What is the relationship between social connectedness and voter turnout?

@ The debate has intensified as the parties have become more polarized.@ The debate has become a partisan power struggle

What is true regarding the debate over how easy it should be to vote in the US?

social connectedness

What term describes a citizen's involve in groups and relationship to their communities

Retrospective voting

What term describes someone who votes for a candidate based on their past performance

@potential candidates attempt to begin raising money.@potential candidates determine how much support they might have

What typically occurs during an invisible primary during a presidential election?

@legitimation and system stability,@citizen development

Which functions of elections may be most affected by low voter turnout?

retrospective voting

When considering who to vote for in a presidential election, Madeline considers how the country has done over the past four years and whether she agrees with the Decisions the incumbent made during this time. She decides to vote for the incumbent to support the same type of changes moving forward. What does this exemplify?

The convention

When is the Vice Presidential-candidate officially named

False

When people do not participate in elections, they will experience higher levels of political efficacy

Valence issues

When running for president, a candidate emphasizes that he supports a strong economy and a cleaner environment in his stump speech. the candidate is talking about_

@nonvoters would likely have little effect in changing election results.@results of no voting are contradictory

When studies have been conducted on non voters, their results have suggested which of the following?

@voters often use this type of voting along with prospective voting. @some scholars believe it is the only type of voting needed @it is a way to hold politicians accountable

Which are common beliefs about prospective voting?

@Candidates who are well-known @Candidates who are incumbents @well-funded candidates

Which candidate does front-loading favor

@Sincerity@trustworthiness@experience

Which qualities would likely be most influential in a presidential election?

Women vote more than men

Which statement about votership is true?

The president candidate

Who chooses the v.p candidate?

@a 68yr old male who is a college professor. @a 50yr old white female who owns her own business

Who is more likely to vote?

To attract the highest level of interest from candidates

Why might a state want to engage in front-loading?

Policy direction

_is a function of elections that, in theory, keeps leaders responsive to the governed

regulating the electorate

_refers to the process of establishing guidelines that indicate who can vote and how difficult or easy it is to vote.

The Motor voter act

_requires states to take a move active role in voter registration

exploratory committee

a committee formed to determine the viability of one's candidacy for office; activities may include polling, travel, and other communications relevant to the purpose

wedge issues

a controversial issue that one party uses to split the voters in the other party

voter mobilization

a party's efforts to inform potential voters about issues and candidates and to persuade them to vote

issue advocacy ads

advertisements paid for by soft money, and thus not regulated, that promote certain issue positions but do not endorse specific candidates

presidential primary

an election by which voters choose convention delegates committed to voting for a certain candidate

Electoral College

an intermediary body that elects the president

political efficacy

citizens' feelings of effectiveness in political affairs

social connectedness

citizens' involvement in groups and their relationships to their communities and families

Invisible primary

early attempts to raise money, line up campaign consultants, generate media attention, and get commitments for support even before candidates announce they are running

get-out-the-vote (GOTV) drives

efforts by political parties, interest groups, and the candidate's staff to maximize voter turnout among supporters

swing voters

the approximately one-third of the electorate who are undecided at the start of a campaign

front-runner

the leading candidate and expected winner of a nomination or an election

electoral mandate

the perception that an election victory signals broad support for the winner's proposed policies

front-loading

the process of scheduling presidential primaries early in the primary season

regulating the electorate

the process of setting rules that define who can vote and how difficult or easy it will be to cast a ballot in an election

issue ownership

the tendency of one party to be seen as more competent in a specific policy area

Momentum

the widely held public perception that a candidate is gaining electoral strength