Chapter 15

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The __________ division of the autonomic nervous system is known as the "rest and digest" division.

Parasympathetic

Sympathetic nerves

Are bundles of postganglionic fibers that innervate organs within the thoracic cavity

Muscarinic receptors

Are normally activated by acetylcholine

Which of following would lead to increased heart rate?

Both increased sympathetic input and decreased parasympathetic input

Dual innervation refer to an organ receiving

Both sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation

Control of the diameter of the respiratory passages depends upon

Both the parasympathetic and sympathetic levels of stimulation

Clusters of ganglionic sympathetic neurons that innervate organs in the abdominopelvic region are called ________ ganglia.

Collateral

Two terms that both refer to internal organs are

Splanchnic and viscera

Preganglionic fibers that innervate the collateral ganglia form the

Splanchnic nervves

Which brain area is considered to be the headquarters of the ANS?

Hypothalamus

The integrative centers for autonomic activity are located in the

Hypothalamus

Preganglionic fibers of parasympathetic neurons are present in all of the following cranial nerves except A) XII B) III C) IX D) VII E) X

A) XII

During sympathetic activation, which of the following would not occur? A) constriction of pupil B) elevated heart rate C) elevated blood pressure D) elevated blood glucose E) increased sweating

A) constriction of pupil

Ganglionic neurons innervate as all of the following except A) skeletal muscle B) adipose tissue C) glands D) cardiac muscle E) smooth muscle

A) skeletal muscle

All of he flowing are visceral effectors except A) skeletal muscles B) adipocytes C) smooth muscles D) glands E) cardiac muscle

A) skeletal muscles

Postganglionic sympathetic axons release the neurotransmitter ___________ at their effector junctions.

Acetylcholine or nitric oxide or norepinephrine

Specialized ganglionic sympathetic neurons that release hormones into the bloodstream are found within the

Adrenal glands

Neurons that use norepinephrine as a transmitter are called

Adrenergic

Each of the following effects is associated with the action of postganglionic sympathetic fibers except A) increased blood flow to skeletal muscles B) decreased heart rate C) dilation of the pupils D) reduced circulation to the skin E) increased sweat secretion

B) decreased heart rate

Each of the following effects is associated with the action of postganglionic sympathetic fibers except A) increased blood flow to skeletal muscles B) decreased heart rate C) increased sweat secretion D) reduced circulation to the skin E) dilation of the pupils

B) decreased heart rate

Parasympathetic functions include all of the following except A) stimulation of urination B) dilation of the airways C) stimulation of defecation D) constriction of the pupils E) reduction in the rate of cardiac contraction

B) dilation of the airways

A certain drug decreases heart rate by blocking a receptor on cardiac pacemaker cells. This drug probably binds to ___________ receptors.

Beta-1 adrenergic

The adrenal medullae secrete

Both epinephrine and norepinephrine

Sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers that innervate the heart pass through the

Cardiac plexus

Clusters of ganglionic sympathetic neurons lying along either side of the spinal cord are called sympathetic _________ ganglia.

Chain

The parasympathetic nervous system is especially active during which physiological state?

Digestion

Injury to the neurons of a collateral ganglion would affect the function of the

Digestive tract

Most vital organs receive ________ innervation. That is, they receive input from both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.

Dual

Which of the following statements about adrenergic receptors is true? A) they are proteins in the plasma membrane B) when activated, cAMP levels are affected C) norepinephrine activates mainly the alpha type D) epinephrine activates both alpha and beta types E) all of the answers are correct

E) all of the answers are correct

Drugs known as beta-blockers may be useful for treating

Excessive heart rate

Mary accidentally ate poisonous mushrooms that contain muscadine. What would not occur?

Feeling of euphoria and increased energy

Preganglionic fibers leave the CNS and then synapse on

Ganglionic neurons

Which of the following would be an example of higher-level control to autonomic function?

Increased heart rate when you see a person you fear

Parasympathetic stimulation

Increases gastric motility

Which of the following is true for the craniosacral division?

It is also called the parasympathetic division of the ANS

Preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system are located in the

Lateral gray horns of segments T1 to L2 of the spinal cord

In general, parasympathetic preganglionic fibers are _________ and postganglionic fibers are __________.

Long; short

Which of the following statements concerning the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is false?

Preganglionic fibers are relatively short and postganglionic fibers are relatively long

What type of neuron of the parasympathetic division exits the brain stem?

Preganglionic neuron

Ganglionic neurons in the adrenal gland

Release epinephrine into blood capillaries

In general, sympathetic preganglionic fibers are ________ and postganglionic fibers are _________.

Short;long

In general, autonomic tone of peripheral blood vessels increases when

Sympathetic stimulation is increqased

The sympathetic division of the ANS is also known as which of the following?

Thoracolumbar division

The statement "It controls the diameter of the pupil" is

True for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems

The statement "Preganglionic axon terminals release acetylcholine" is

True for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems

The statement "There is always a synapse in a peripheral ganglion between the CNS and the effector organ" is

True for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems

The statement "It initiates contraction of urinary bladder smooth muscle" is

True only for the parasympathetic nervous system

The statement "It's ganglia are usually near or within the end organ" is

True only for the parasympathetic nervous system

The statement "It's postganglionic axons always use acetylcholine as the neurotransmitter" is

True only for the parasympathetic nervous system


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