Chapter 15
The __________ division of the autonomic nervous system is known as the "rest and digest" division.
Parasympathetic
Sympathetic nerves
Are bundles of postganglionic fibers that innervate organs within the thoracic cavity
Muscarinic receptors
Are normally activated by acetylcholine
Which of following would lead to increased heart rate?
Both increased sympathetic input and decreased parasympathetic input
Dual innervation refer to an organ receiving
Both sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation
Control of the diameter of the respiratory passages depends upon
Both the parasympathetic and sympathetic levels of stimulation
Clusters of ganglionic sympathetic neurons that innervate organs in the abdominopelvic region are called ________ ganglia.
Collateral
Two terms that both refer to internal organs are
Splanchnic and viscera
Preganglionic fibers that innervate the collateral ganglia form the
Splanchnic nervves
Which brain area is considered to be the headquarters of the ANS?
Hypothalamus
The integrative centers for autonomic activity are located in the
Hypothalamus
Preganglionic fibers of parasympathetic neurons are present in all of the following cranial nerves except A) XII B) III C) IX D) VII E) X
A) XII
During sympathetic activation, which of the following would not occur? A) constriction of pupil B) elevated heart rate C) elevated blood pressure D) elevated blood glucose E) increased sweating
A) constriction of pupil
Ganglionic neurons innervate as all of the following except A) skeletal muscle B) adipose tissue C) glands D) cardiac muscle E) smooth muscle
A) skeletal muscle
All of he flowing are visceral effectors except A) skeletal muscles B) adipocytes C) smooth muscles D) glands E) cardiac muscle
A) skeletal muscles
Postganglionic sympathetic axons release the neurotransmitter ___________ at their effector junctions.
Acetylcholine or nitric oxide or norepinephrine
Specialized ganglionic sympathetic neurons that release hormones into the bloodstream are found within the
Adrenal glands
Neurons that use norepinephrine as a transmitter are called
Adrenergic
Each of the following effects is associated with the action of postganglionic sympathetic fibers except A) increased blood flow to skeletal muscles B) decreased heart rate C) dilation of the pupils D) reduced circulation to the skin E) increased sweat secretion
B) decreased heart rate
Each of the following effects is associated with the action of postganglionic sympathetic fibers except A) increased blood flow to skeletal muscles B) decreased heart rate C) increased sweat secretion D) reduced circulation to the skin E) dilation of the pupils
B) decreased heart rate
Parasympathetic functions include all of the following except A) stimulation of urination B) dilation of the airways C) stimulation of defecation D) constriction of the pupils E) reduction in the rate of cardiac contraction
B) dilation of the airways
A certain drug decreases heart rate by blocking a receptor on cardiac pacemaker cells. This drug probably binds to ___________ receptors.
Beta-1 adrenergic
The adrenal medullae secrete
Both epinephrine and norepinephrine
Sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers that innervate the heart pass through the
Cardiac plexus
Clusters of ganglionic sympathetic neurons lying along either side of the spinal cord are called sympathetic _________ ganglia.
Chain
The parasympathetic nervous system is especially active during which physiological state?
Digestion
Injury to the neurons of a collateral ganglion would affect the function of the
Digestive tract
Most vital organs receive ________ innervation. That is, they receive input from both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.
Dual
Which of the following statements about adrenergic receptors is true? A) they are proteins in the plasma membrane B) when activated, cAMP levels are affected C) norepinephrine activates mainly the alpha type D) epinephrine activates both alpha and beta types E) all of the answers are correct
E) all of the answers are correct
Drugs known as beta-blockers may be useful for treating
Excessive heart rate
Mary accidentally ate poisonous mushrooms that contain muscadine. What would not occur?
Feeling of euphoria and increased energy
Preganglionic fibers leave the CNS and then synapse on
Ganglionic neurons
Which of the following would be an example of higher-level control to autonomic function?
Increased heart rate when you see a person you fear
Parasympathetic stimulation
Increases gastric motility
Which of the following is true for the craniosacral division?
It is also called the parasympathetic division of the ANS
Preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system are located in the
Lateral gray horns of segments T1 to L2 of the spinal cord
In general, parasympathetic preganglionic fibers are _________ and postganglionic fibers are __________.
Long; short
Which of the following statements concerning the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is false?
Preganglionic fibers are relatively short and postganglionic fibers are relatively long
What type of neuron of the parasympathetic division exits the brain stem?
Preganglionic neuron
Ganglionic neurons in the adrenal gland
Release epinephrine into blood capillaries
In general, sympathetic preganglionic fibers are ________ and postganglionic fibers are _________.
Short;long
In general, autonomic tone of peripheral blood vessels increases when
Sympathetic stimulation is increqased
The sympathetic division of the ANS is also known as which of the following?
Thoracolumbar division
The statement "It controls the diameter of the pupil" is
True for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems
The statement "Preganglionic axon terminals release acetylcholine" is
True for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems
The statement "There is always a synapse in a peripheral ganglion between the CNS and the effector organ" is
True for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems
The statement "It initiates contraction of urinary bladder smooth muscle" is
True only for the parasympathetic nervous system
The statement "It's ganglia are usually near or within the end organ" is
True only for the parasympathetic nervous system
The statement "It's postganglionic axons always use acetylcholine as the neurotransmitter" is
True only for the parasympathetic nervous system
