Chapter 15 Digestive System

This gastrointestinal hormone is stimulated by amino acids and fatty acids in the small intestine and stimulates pancreatic enzyme secretion. A.) Gastrin B.) CCK C.) Secretin D.) GIP

B.) CCK

A ring of smooth muscle within the anus that must relax to allow feces to be expelled from the body. A.) Ileocecal sphincter B.) Internal anal sphincter C.) External anal sphincter

B.) Internal anal sphincter

Salivary amylase and pancreatic amylase are associated with the digestion of which nutrient? A.) Lipids B.) Protein C.) Carbohydrates D.) Vitamins

C.) Carbohydrates

A ring of skeletal muscle within the anus that must relax to allow feces to be expelled from the body. A.) Ileocecal sphincter B.) Internal anal sphincter C.) External anal sphincter

C.) External anal sphincter

Which organ produces bile? A.) Pancreas B.) Small intestine C.) Liver D.) Large intestine E.) Stomach

C.) Liver

From the list below, select all of the organs that are part of the digestive system. A.) Ureter B.) Kidney C.) Liver D.) Large intestine E.) Trachea F.) Gallbladder G.) Pancreas

C.) Liver; D.) large intestine; F.) Gallbladder; G.) Pancreas

This gastrointestinal hormone is stimulated by the presence of acid in the small intestine and stimulates HCO3- release from the pancreas and bile ducts. A.) Gastrin B.) CCK C.) Secretin D.) GIP

C.) Secretin

Location of the digestion and absorption of most substances, location where pancreatic and liver secretions enter the GI tract, continues to mix and propel chyme forward: A.) Ileocecal sphincter B.) Large intestine C.) Small intestine D.) Internal anal sphincter E.) Stomach

C.) Small intestine

This major layer of the GI tract contains major blood and lymphatic vessels. A.) Serosa B.) Muscular externa C.) Submucosa D.) Mucosa

C.) Submucosa

A ring of skeletal muscle that relaxes during swallowing to allow a bolus of food to continue in the GI tract. A.) Mouth B.) Pharynx C.) Upper esophageal sphincter D.) Esophagus E.) Lower esophageal sphincter F.) Stomach G.) Pyloric sphincter

C.) Upper esophageal sphincter

Which of the following inhibit/inhibits gastric HCl secretion during a meal? A.) stimulation of the parasympathetic nerves to the enteric nervous system B.) The sight and smell of food C.) distension of the duodenum D.) Presence of peptides in the stomach E.) distension of the stomach

C.) distension of the duodenum

The enzymes associated with protein digestion are (select all that apply): - Salivary amylase - pancreatic amylase - Trypsin - Pancreatic lipase - Elastase - Carboxypeptidase - Aminopeptidase - Pepsin - chymotrypsin - lingual lipase

Chymotrypsin, trypsin, elastase, carboxypeptidase, aminopeptidase, pepsin

Which of the following statements regarding protein digestion and absorption is TRUE? A.) Only the exocrine pancreas produces enzymes that can digest proteins B.) After absorption, the products of protein digestion are carried by blood directly to the liver C.) Pepsin digests protein mainly in the small intestine D.) the enzymes that digest protein are secreted in active form

B.) After absorption, the products of protein digestion are carried by blood directly to the liver

This major layer of the GI tract is closest to the lumen of the GI tract A.) Serosa B.) Muscular externa C.) Submucosa D.) Mucosa

D.) Muscosa

The primary signal from the small intestine to the pancreas to increase digestive enzyme release into the small intestine by cholecystokinin is stimulated by what? A.) carbohydrates B.) Amino acids and fatty acids C.) proteins D.) Vitamins

B.) Amino acids and fatty acids

Which of the following is the primary absorptive process in the large intestine? A.) Active transport of Na+ from the lumen to the blood B.) Absorption of water C.) active transport of K+ from the lumen to the blood D.) Active absorption of HCO3- into the blood E.) Active secretion of Cl- from the blood

A.) Active transport of Na+ from the lumen to the blood

This gastrointestinal hormone is inhibited by acid in the stomach and stimulates acid secretion from the stomach. A.) Gastrin B.) CCK C.) Secretin D.) GIP

A.) Gastrin

Which component/components of bile is/are NOT primarily secreted by hepatocytes? A.) HCO3- B.) Bile salts C.) Cholesterol D.) Phospholipids E.) bilirubin

A.) HCO3-

A ring of smoother muscle between the last part of the small intestine and the first part of the large intestine. Rexlases to allow chyme to enter the large intestine. A.) Ileocecal sphincter B.) Internal anal sphincter C.) External anal sphincter D.) Pyloris sphincter

A.) Illeocecal sphincter

The release of secretin circulates to the pancreas and stimulates the release of HCO3- into the small intestine. What does this do? A.) it neutralizes the acid and protects the small intestine B.) It makes the stomach contents become more acidic C.) It helps with the digestion of proteins D.) It helps with the digestion of glucose

A.) It neutralizes the acid and protects the small intestine

Pancreatic lipase and Lingual lipase are associated with the digestion of which nutrient? A.) Lipids B.) Protein C.) Carbohydrates D.) Vitamins

A.) Lipids

The beginning of the gastrointestinal tract where chewing begins and where the swallowing phase is initiated A.) Mouth B.) Pharynx C.) Upper esophageal sphincter D.) Esophagus E.) Lower esophageal sphincter F.) Stomach G.) Pyloric sphincter

A.) Mouth

This major layer of the GI tract is closest to the abdominal cavity. A.) Serosa B.) Muscular externa C.) Submucosa D.) Mucosa

A.) Serosa

Michelles increase the absorption of fat by: A.) binding the lipase enzyme and holding it on the surface of the lipid emulsion droplet B.) Keeping the insoluble products of fat digestion in small aggregates C.) Promoting direct absorption across the intestinal epithelium D.) Metabolizing triglyceride to monoglyceride E.) Facilitating absorption into the lacteals

B.) Keeping the insoluble products of fat digestion in small aggregates

Stores and concentrates undigested matter, site of salt and water absorption, continues to mix and propel contents forward, packs the rectum in preparation for defecation. A.) Small intestine B.) Large Intestine C.) Stomach D.) Rectum

B.) Large intestine

This major layer of the GI tract contains circular and longitudinal smooth muscle. A.) Serosa B.) Muscularis externa C.) Submucosa D.) Mucosa

B.) Muscularis externa

Serves as a passageway that is common to both air and ingested food. A.) Mouth B.) Pharynx C.) Upper esophageal sphincter D.) Esophagus E.) Lower esophageal sphincter F.) Stomach G.) Pyloric sphincter

B.) Pharynx

Chymotrypsin, trypsin, elastase, carboxypeptidase, aminopeptidase, pepsin are enzymes associated with nutrient? A.) Lipids B.) Proteins C.) Carbohydrates D.) Vitamins

B.) Proteins

Hydrochloric acid (HCI) is secreted into the lumen of the __________. A.) Small intestine B.) Stomach C.) Esophagus D.) Pharynx E.) Large intestine

B.) Stomach

Moves the bolus of food to the stomach by peristaltic waves. A.) Mouth B.) Pharynx C.) Upper esophageal sphincter D.) Esophagus E.) Lower esophageal sphincter F.) Stomach G.) Pyloric sphincter

D.) Esophagus

This gastrointestinal hormone is stimulated by glucose and fat in the small intestine and increases insulin and amplifies the insulin responses to glucose. A.) Gastrin B.) CCK C.) Secretin D.) GIP

D.) GIP

Which of the following is the correct order for the major structures of the gastrointestinal tract, in the order that food will pass? A.) Mouth, stomach, esophagus, large intestine, small intestine B.) Mouth, small intestine, stomach, esophagus, large intestine C.) Esophagus, stomach, large intestine, small intestine, mouth D.) Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine E.) Mouth, pharynx, stomach, large intestine, small intestine

D.) Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

Which of the following is true about pepsin? A.) Most pepsin is released directly from chief cells B.) Pepsin is most active at high pH C.) Pepsin is essential for protein digestion D.) Pepsin accelerates protein digestion E.) Pepsin accelerates fat digestion

D.) Pepsin accelerates protein digestion

The wave-like involuntary muscle contractions that move a bolus of food through the esophagus to the stomach is called: A.) Mastication B.) Stomach expansion C.) Defecation D.) Peristalsis E.) Chyme

D.) Peristalsis

Which of the following is true about segmentation in the small intestine? A.) It is a type of peristalsis B.) It moves chyme only from the duodenum to the ileum C.) Its frequency is the same in each intestinal segment D.) It is unaffected by cephalic phase stimuli E.) It produces a slow migration of chyme to the large intestine

E.) It produces a slow migration of chyme to the large intestine

A ring of smooth muscle that relaxes to allow the bolus of food to enter the stomach and quickly closes to reseal the junction between the esophagus and the stomach. A.) Mouth B.) Pharynx C.) Upper esophageal sphincter D.) Esophagus E.) Lower esophageal sphincter F.) Stomach G.) Pyloric sphincter

E.) Lower esophageal sphincter

The major site of nutrient absorption is the: A.) Pancreas B.) Esophagus C.) Stomach D.) Large intestine E.) Small intestine

E.) Small intestine

Stores, mixes, dissolves, and continues the digestion of food, particularly of proteins. A.) Mouth B.) Pharynx C.) Upper esophageal sphincter D.) Esophagus E.) Lower esophageal sphincter F.) Stomach G.) Pyloric sphincter

F.) Stomach

A ring of smooth muscle and connective tissue that helps to regulate how much chyme passes between the antrum and the duodenum. A.) Mouth B.) Pharynx C.) Upper esophageal sphincter D.) Esophagus E.) Lower esophageal sphincter F.) Stomach G.) Pyloric sphincter

G.) Pyloric sphincter

Pepsin is produced from __________ in the presence of __________.

Pepsinogen; acid