Chapter 15 HIST 17B
How did the military draft during the Civil War affect the lives of women and children on the typical small farm in the South?
The absence of husbands and fathers left women and children to grow their own crops, which led to rising levels of hunger and poverty.
What allowed women farming in the North to be more successful than the women working on the small farms of the South during the Civil War?
The availability of mechanized tools
Which Civil War battle accounted for the bloodiest day of the war?
The battle of Antietam
About how many runaway slaves ultimately joined and served in the Union Army during the Civil War?
100,000
Which statement describes the response in the loyal border states of Missouri and Kentucky during the Civil War?
A violent pro-southern minority remained sympathetic to the southern cause.
Where did General Lee surrender to end the Civil War?
Appomattox Court House, Virginia
Which statement describes the occupation of territory in December 1865?
Areas occupied by Confederate forces were divided by Union areas of control.
In the election of 1864, Democrats were badly divided over which issue?
Armistice versus continued war
How did military service change the way black veterans of the Civil War thought about their identity as Americans?
Black veterans believed that their service to their country entitled them to the rights of American citizens, including the right to vote and serve on a jury.
Which critique of the Civil War was articulated by both northern workers and southern common folk?
Both groups called it "a rich man's war and a poor man's fight."
On which side of the Civil War did Mexican Americans fight?
Both sides
How did medical responses improve over the course of the Civil War?
Both sides developed an ambulance corps to transport wounded soldiers.
What was the easiest task Jefferson Davis and the Confederate government faced during the Civil War?
Building the armed forces of the Confederacy
How did General Ulysses S. Grant take the Confederate stronghold of Vicksburg, Mississippi?
By laying a lengthy siege
Which group aided Confederate politicians in their efforts to promote southern unity and nationalism over the long course of the Civil War?
Clergymen, who assured Southerners that God had blessed slavery and the new nation
Why was the July 1863 battle of Gettysburg significant for the Civil War?
Confederate General Lee lost more than 28,000 men and could not replace them.
In August 1863, Mary Epperly wrote to her husband about the deserters she has seen returning to their homes: "I wish they would all runaway and these head men would be oblige to fight it out but as long as they can stay at home and speculate off the poor soulders they don't care how long the war lasts." Which of the following restates Mary Epperly's argument?
Confederate leaders would continue fighting the war only as long as it remained a rich man's war and a poor man's fight.
The Battle of Bull Run was a
Confederate victory.
Why was the Confederacy particularly interested in gaining control of California, Nevada, and Colorado in the first years of the Civil War?
Confederates desired those states' valuable gold and silver mines.
The Confederates believed that their control of what resource would convince European nations to break the Union blockade and recognize the Confederacy as a legitimate nation?
Cotton
The U.S. Sanitary Commission, a large civilian organization that emerged during the Civil War, performed what role in the Union?
Distributing clothing, food, and medicine to soldiers and burying the dead
What was the result of the increasing number of women entering the manufacturing workforce during the Civil War?
Employers reduced wages.
Initially the Confederacy pursued King Cotton diplomacy, a strategy based on the belief that
Europe's need for cotton would lead them to support the Confederacy.
About how many of the South's four million slaves ran away to Union lines during the Civil War?
Five hundred thousand
What was the purpose of the "twenty-Negro law" passed by the Confederacy?
For the protection of white women on the plantations
What was President Lincoln expressing early in the Civil War when he remarked, "If General McClellan does not want to use the army I would like to borrow it"?
Frustration over McClellan's reluctance to send his army into battle against the Confederates
What turned the tide in favor of the Republicans in the presidential election of 1864?
General Sherman's successful capture of Atlanta
Why did General Grant not believe that he was defeated even after suffering heavy losses in his 1864 Virginia campaign?
Grant understood that the Confederates had lost proportionally as many men.
How did General Grant's Union casualties compare to General Lee's Confederate casualties after Grant's month-long campaign in Virginia?
Grant's forces lost twice as many men as Lee's forces.
Why did Robert E. Lee push the fighting across the Potomac into Maryland in September 1862?
He believed a victory on northern soil might end the war.
How did Abraham Lincoln respond when army officers tried to dictate federal slave policy by freeing the slaves in their areas of command in 1861 and 1862?
He countermanded and revoked the orders.
How did the electoral map compare to the popular vote in the election of 1864?
The electoral map depicted a greater victory for Lincoln than the proportion of the popular vote.
Which statement describes an irony that emerges when considering the wartime leadership of Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis?
The inexperienced Lincoln proved to be a more adept leader than the seasoned Davis.
How did Abraham Lincoln attempt to cripple the Confederacy at the beginning of the Civil War in 1861?
He implemented a naval blockade of the Confederacy in order to limit its ability to sell cotton abroad.
What was the significance of Abraham Lincoln's reelection in 1864?
His broad electoral victory gave him a mandate to continue the war until slavery was dead.
Which statement describes the purpose of the 1862 Homestead Act?
It offered Western land to settlers who would live and labor on it.
How did the Civil War alter many slaveholders' notions about their human property?
It revealed slaves' lack of devotion to and respect for their masters and mistresses.
Why was the battle of Shiloh significant for the Civil War?
It ruined the Confederacy's bid to control the war in the West.
Why did the Morrill Act, passed by the U.S. Congress in 1862, have long-term economic consequences for the nation?
It set aside public land to support universities.
What was the significance of the battle of Bull Run at Manassas in July of 1861?
It taught Lincoln that victory would be neither quick nor easy.
Why did the Confederates decide to target Fort Sumter in April 1861?
It was a federal fort in their state and a hated symbol of the nation that they had abandoned.
Why did the state of Tennessee see so much fighting during the early years of the Civil War?
It was one of the Confederacy's main producers of food, mules, and iron.
Why was the battle of Antietam, fought in Maryland in September of 1862, significant?
It was the Civil War's bloodiest day.
Why did yeomen object to Confederate war policies?
Laws exempted wealthier men from service.
What accounted for the Union's decision to allow African American men to serve in its armies in 1862?
Lengthening Union casualty lists and troop shortages
How did President Lincoln persuade Maryland's legislature to reject secession?
Lincoln ordered U.S. troops into Baltimore.
Which of the following describes Abraham Lincoln's efforts to quash wartime dissent in the North?
Lincoln's policies quieted dissent by suppressing free speech.
The Epperlys' letters from 1862 to 1864 provide evidence to support which of the following historical arguments?
Many Confederate soldiers' loyalty to their families ultimately outweighed their loyalty to the Confederacy.
Which slave states decided to remain in the Union?
Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware
What does this map reveal about Civil War during the years 1863-1865?
Most battles were fought in Union-controlled territory.
By 1862, which state was under Confederate control?
North Carolina
How did Northerners respond after the Confederates bombarded Fort Sumter in April 1861?
Northerners overwhelmingly supported the war.
Why did Abraham Lincoln, who detested slavery, resist its destruction during 1861 and 1862?
Public opinion in the North did not support the idea of black emancipation.
What was the outcome of the Seven Days Battle on the Yorktown peninsula in June of 1862?
Robert E. Lee saved Richmond and Abraham Lincoln fired General George McClellan.
What argument did abolitionists use to press Lincoln for immediate emancipation?
Seceding Southerners had forfeited their right to constitutional protection.
What made it possible for the Republicans in Congress to enact so much of its agenda during the Civil War?
Secession cut the Democrats' strength in Congress in half and made Republicans a majority.
Why did people like James Henry Gooding—a soldier in the Fifty-fourth Massachusetts Colored Regiment during the Civil War—believe that serving in the Union Army was beneficial to African Americans?
Serving in the military would confer respect, dignity, and masculinity on black men.
Which slaves were exempt from the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863?
Slaves in the loyal border states and in Union-occupied areas
Why was it difficult for the Confederacy to supply its troops during the Civil War?
Southern railroad networks were sparse, which limited its efforts to deliver supplies.
What prevented Great Britain from engaging with the Confederacy's plan for King Cotton diplomacy?
The British found new sources of cotton in India, Egypt, and elsewhere.
How did the Confederacy compensate for its inability to build a conventional navy equal to that of the U.S. fleet?
The Confederacy cladded its wooden frigates with armor plates to fortify them against Union shells.
Why did the South experience greater inflation than the North during the Civil War?
The Confederacy printed more money.
Which region had the advantage in resources when the Civil War began?
The North had more resources than the South.
Why did the South experience a much higher rate of inflation than the North during the Civil War?
The South was more dependent on paper money.
Which statement describes the result of the Battle of Vicksburg in July 1863?
The Union army's victory opened up a large portion of the Mississippi River.
Why did the Confederate government establish government-owned factories and mines?
The Union blockade forced the Confederate government to establish its own industrial sector to manufacture goods
What was the significance of the Union blockade?
The Union cut off the Confederacy from the rest of the world.
What conclusion can be drawn from the map about naval forces during the early years of the Civil War?
The Union had greater naval capabilities than the Confederacy.
What does this map reveal about the Civil War during the years 1861-1862?
The Union military relied primarily on water routes to attack the Confederacy.
Which statement describes African Americans' experiences in the Union army?
The Union placed blacks in segregated units.
Which statement describes the significance of the first battle at Manassas (or Bull Run) in July 1861?
The Union's defeat encouraged Lincoln to authorize the enlistment of one million more men for three years.
The southern war effort created hardships that fell most heavily on which segment of the population?
The poor
Why did Abraham Lincoln believe it was so important for the Union to keep control of Kentucky in 1861?
The state was strategically located and contained indispensable resources and population.
Which factor limited Abraham Lincoln's ability to address the issue of slavery during the first year and a half of the Civil War?
The threats by slaveholders in the loyal border states to secede if slavery were threatened.
How did booming industrial production in the North during the Civil War affect the region's working class?
The working class's standard of living fell due to declining wages.
Why did the number of Confederate deserters increase during the early months of 1865?
Their wives begged them to return home to keep their families from starving.
How did working women in the U.S. Sanitary Commission challenge traditional views about women's nature?
Their work with wounded and dead soldiers defied notions about women's essential delicacy.
How did the population of the Union compare to that of the Confederacy in 1861?
There were more than twice as many people living in the Union than in the Confederacy.
Why did many northern whites oppose emancipation during the first years of the Civil War?
They feared the influx of massive numbers of freed slaves who would compete for jobs.
Which political orientation describes Britain and several other European nations during the Civil War?
They granted the Confederate States of America "belligerent" status.
What did congressional Democrats do in response to the imposition of a military draft?
They linked the draft to emancipation to create popular dissent.
How did Confederate states respond to Richmond's policy of impressment?
They objected to the usurpation of states' rights.
How did Democrats in the U.S. Congress respond to the Emancipation Proclamation?
They proposed a resolution branding emancipation a crime against the Constitution.
How did slaves who remained on the plantations contribute to the disintegration of slavery during the Civil War?
They took advantage of the disruption to work indifferently and quit early.
What roles would slaves, such as the man on the right in the daguerreotype "John Wallace Comer, C.S.A., with his servant, Burrell," have played in the Civil War?
They would have worked as personal servants for their owners.
What was Lincoln's initial plan to make emancipation more acceptable to white Northerners?
To offer to deport African Americans out of the country
Why did the Union use a naval blockade against the Confederacy?
To surround the South entirely and attack coastal states without traveling south on foot
Why did the Democratic Party expect to win the presidency in the months leading up to the election of 1864?
Union forces were locked in stalemates with the Confederates in Georgia and Virginia.
What message was Robert Sneden trying to convey in his illustration The Dead Line?
Union soldiers suffered terrible conditions in Confederate prisons.
What scenario did Lincoln believe would bring a peaceful end to the secession crisis in the spring of 1861?
Unionists in the Lower South would assert themselves, overturn the secession decision, and rejoin the Union.
Christian Marion Epperly and Mary Epperly came from which segment of society in the nineteenth-century South?
Upcountry yeomen
How did black Union soldiers help promote equality for freedmen in the South after the Civil War ended?
White southerners were less likely to abuse freedmen when black soldiers were nearby.
Which of their social categories that the Epperly's belonged to was the critical influence in shaping their views on the Confederacy, the Civil War, and the Union as expressed in these letters?
Yeomen
In March 1862, Congress tilted toward emancipating slaves when it
forbade the practice of returning fugitive slaves to their masters.
At the end of 1862, the eastern theater of the Civil War
had reached a stalemate.
In 1862, General Benjamin F. Butler pioneered the Union's approach to the issue of runaway slaves who appeared in army camps by
identifying them as contraband of war and putting them to work.
In his May 1862 letter from Chickahominy Creek, Virginia, Marion Epperly writes to his wife, "I hope and pray this awful war will soon come to a close some way or other[,] any way to get pease in the world wonst more[;] it seems to me I had drather be at home and live on bred and water than to have this war hanging over us but I pray god pease will soon be made." The sentiment he expresses here suggests that Epperly was
motivated to fight only to fulfill his civic duty.
When they began serving in the Union Army in 1863, black soldiers were initially treated unequally to their white counterparts because they were
paid less than white soldiers.
The U.S. Navy's blockade in the first year of the Civil War was
permeable.
In Abraham Lincoln's March 1861 inaugural address, he denied the right of secession and
reassured the South that Republicans would not abolish slavery.
When he made the decision to try to resupply Fort Sumter in April of 1861, Abraham Lincoln demonstrated his intention to
shift the decision of war or peace to Jefferson Davis.
The Union finally began recruiting black soldiers to fight in the Civil War in 1863 because
so many soldiers had been killed, and the Union desperately needed new recruits.
After General Grant became the general in chief of the Union armies in March 1864, he made the important decision to
take on Lee directly in Virginia.
Aside from leading to the legal destruction of slavery, the Civil War itself helped destroy slavery in practice because
the discipline necessary to keep slavery intact was disrupted.
The experience of the Civil War in the South exposed tensions and divisions between
the yeomen and the planters.
The Confederate government used a policy of impressment during the Civil War in order to
acquire food and other supplies for the military.
Most Northerners viewed secession as
an attack on the rule of law.
