Chapter 15 Hist 201A

On what assumption did the Confederacy base its belief that European nations would break the Union blockade and recognize it as a legitimate nation?

European textile manufacturers would be unable to survive without the South's cotton.

Battle of Bull Run(Manassas)

First major battle of the civil war, fought at a railroad junction in northern Virginia on July 21, 1861. The Union suffered a sobering defeat, while the confederates felt affirmed in their superiority and the inevitability of Confederate nationhood.

What did the states of Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri choose to do after the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter?

Remain loyal to the Union

Who became the commander of the Confederacy's Army of Northern Virginia in the May of 1862?

Robert E. Lee

What was the outcome of the Seven Days Battle on the Yorktown peninsula in June of 1862?

Robert E. Lee saved Richmond and Abraham Lincoln fired General George McClellan.

siege of Vicksburg

Six-week siege by General Grant intended to starve out Vicksburg. On July 4,1863, the 30,000 Confederate troops holding the city surrendered. The victory gave the Union control of the Mississippi River and together with Gettysburg, marked a major turning point of the war.

Union blockade

The United States use of its navy to patrol the southern coastline to restrict Confederate access to supplies. Over time, the blockade became increasingly effective and succeeded in depriving the Confederacy of vital supplies.

Which Civil War battle accounted for the bloodiest day of the war?

The battle of Antietam

Fort Sumter

Union fort on an island at the entrance to Charleston harbor in South Carolina. After Confederate leaders learned President Lincoln intended to resupply Fort Sumter, Confederate forces attacked the fort on April 12,1861, thus marking the start of the Civil War

What scenario did Lincoln believe would bring a peaceful end to the secession crisis in the spring of 1861?

Unionists in the Lower South would assert themselves, overturn the secession decision, and rejoin the Union.

When he made the decision to try to resupply Fort Sumter in April of 1861, Abraham Lincoln demonstrated his intention to

shift the decision of war or peace to Jefferson Davis.

Why did Southerners expect that Britain and perhaps France would ally with the Confederacy?

A war could interrupt Europe's supply of cotton.

How many Union soldiers died in the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter?

0

What occurred at Glorieta Pass outside of Santa Fe, New Mexico, in March of 1862?

A band of Colorado miners ambushed Confederate forces and liberated Santa Fe.

Battle of Shiloh

Battle at Shiloh Church, Tennessee, on April 6-7,1862, between Albert Sidney Johnston's Confederate forces and Ulysses S. Grant's Union army. The Union army ultimately prevailed, though at great cost to both sides. Shiloh ruined the Confederacy's bid to control the war in the West.

battle of Gettysburg

Battle fought at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania (July 1-3, 1863), between Union forces under General Meade and Confederate forces under General Lee. The Union emerged victorious, and lee lost more than one-third of his men. Together with Vicksburg, Gettysburg marked a major turning point in the war.

Battle of Antietam

Battle fought in Maryland on September 17,1862, between the Union forces of George McClellan and Confederate troops of Robert E. Lee. The battle, a Union victory that left 6,000 dead and 17,000 wounded, was the bloodiest day of the war

King Cotton diplomacy

Confederate diplomatic strategy built on the hope that European nations starving for cotton would break the Union blockade and recognize the Confederacy. This strategy failed as Europeans held stores of surplus cotton and developed new sources outside the south.

Why was the Confederacy particularly interested in gaining control of California, Nevada, and Colorado in the first years of the Civil War?

Confederates desired those states' valuable gold and silver mines.

What resource did the Confederacy believe gave it an economic advantage over the Union in 1861?

Cotton

What factor accounted for the border state of Delaware's relatively easy decision to remain within the Union in 1861?

Delaware's slaves accounted for only 2 percent of the state's population.

New York City draft riots

Four days of rioting in New York City in July 1863 triggered by efforts to enforce the military draft. Democratic Irish workingmen, suffering economic hardship, infuriated by the draft, and opposed to emancipation, killed at least 105 people, most of them black.

What was President Lincoln expressing early in the Civil War when he remarked, "If General McClellan does not want to use the army I would like to borrow it"?

Frustration over McClellan's reluctance to send his army into battle against the Confederates

Contraband of war

General Benjamin F. Butler's term for runaway slaves, who were considered confiscated properties of war, and put to work in the Union army. This policy proved to be a step on the road to emancipation.

Why did President Lincoln decide not to abandon Fort Sumter?

He had promised to defend federal property in his inaugural address.

What strategy did Abraham Lincoln implement almost immediately in an effort to cripple the Confederacy at the beginning of the Civil War in 1861?

He implemented a naval blockade of the Confederacy in order to limit its ability to sell cotton abroad.

Where did the decisive early encounters of the Civil War take place?

In the region between the Ozarks and the Appalachians

Why did the Confederates decide to target Fort Sumter in April, 1861?

It was a federal fort in their state and a hated symbol of the nation that they had abandoned.

How did President Lincoln persuade Maryland's legislature to reject secession?

Lincoln ordered U.S. troops into Baltimore.

Sherman's March to the Sea

Military Campaign from September through December 1864 in which Union forces under General Sherman marched from Atlanta, Georgia, to the coast at Savannah. Carving a path of destruction as it progressed, Sherman's army aimed at destroying white Southerners' will to continue the war.

How did Northerners respond after the Confederates bombarded Fort Sumter in April 1861?

Northerners overwhelmingly supported the war.

Emancipation Proclamation

President Lincoln's proclamation issued January 1,1863, declaring all slaves in Confederate controlled territory free. The proclamation made the Civil War a war to free slaves though its limitations- exemptions for loyal border states and Union occupied areas of the Confederacy- made some ridicule in the act.

Which of the following adjectives describes the state of the U.S. Navy's blockade in the first year of the Civil War?

Permeable

What prevented Great Britain from engaging with the Confederacy's plan for King Cotton diplomacy?

The British found new sources of cotton in India, Egypt, and elsewhere.

What was the significance of the Union blockade?

The Union cut the Confederacy off from the rest of the world.

Why did Abraham Lincoln believe it was so important for the Union to keep control of Kentucky in 1861?

The state was strategically located and contained indispensable resources and population.

Why did Southerners from all classes enlist to fight the Yankees after the attack on Fort Sumter?

They wanted to preserve slavery and to ensure that African Americans remained subordinate to whites.