Chapter 15

Receptors that bind norepinephrine or epinephrine are called _________ receptors.

Androgenic

Breathing is a function that happens without conscious awareness and is controlled by the _____________ nervous system.

Somatic

Target organ responding to neurotransmitters.

Somatic

The effect is always stimulatory.

Somatic

_____________ nervous system causes contraction of skeletal muscles and associated with voluntary responses.

Somatic

Conscious and unconscious regulation of skeletal muscle.

Somatic Nervous system

Which of the following is a functional part of the nervous system? a) Somatic nervous system b) Autonomic nervous system c) A and B d) None of the above

Somatic and Autonomic

Only one synapse between the neuron and the target.

Somatic nervous system

Skeletal muscles are the effectors

Somatic nervous system

_____________ division of ANS is associated with the fight-or-flight response

Sympathetic

Where do autonomic postganglionic neurons originate?

peripheral ganglia

cell body in brain or spinal cord.

preganglionic neuron

Autonomic motor nerves do NOT innervate.

skeletal muscle

Uses only one neuron to reach target.

somatic nervous system

Two divisions of the ANS are:

sympathetic and parasympathetic

All motor neurons release acetylcholine (Ach).

Somatic

_________________ neurons release norepinephrine.

Adrenergic

Organs innervated by autonomic motor neurons are often under voluntary control. (t/f)

False, Involuntary

Functions related to homeostasis are under control of ______________ nervous system.

Autonomic

Ganglionic neuron in _________ ganglion has an unmyelinated postganglionic axon that extends to the effector organ.

Autonomic

Preganglionic axons are myelinated; postganglionic axons are unmyelinated.

Autonomic

Preganglionic fibers release Ach and postganglionic fibers release norepinephrine or Ach.

Autonomic

Preganglionic neuron has a thin, lightly myelinated preganglionic axon.

Autonomic

Somatic motor neurons have a direct connection between the CNS and their effector organs while ______________ motor neurons must synapse on with a peripheral neuron before reaching their effectors.

Autonomic

The effect is either stimulatory or inhibitory, depending on type of receptor.

Autonomic

The effectors are cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and glands.

Autonomic

Unconscious regulation of smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and glands.

Autonomic

________________ nervous system controls cardiac and smooth muscle, as well as glandular tissue and is associated with involuntary responses.

Autonomic

______________nervous system is also called general visceral motor system.

Autonomic

What division of the nervous system functions independently and continuously, without conscious effort?

Autonomic nervous system

Check all that are characteristics of the somatic nervous system (SNS). a) It consists of two neurons in the pathway. b) Effector organs are skeletal muscle fibers. c) Axons are myelinated and thick. d) The SNS either excites or inhibits effector organs.

Axons are mylinated and thick, effector organs are skeletal muscle fibers

_______________ neurons and receptors release acetylcholine from preganglionic neurons & from parasympathetic postganglionic neurons

Cholinergic

________________ neurons and receptors excite or inhibit depending upon receptor type and organ involved.

Cholinergic

A, thick, heavily myelinated somatic motor fiber makes up each pathway from the CNS to the muscle.

Somatic

Which of the following functions are controlled by the parasympathetic nervous system? a) Running b) Embarrassment c) Excitement d) Digesting e) Fighting

Digesting

Which of the following is not controlled by parasympathetic nervous system? a) Digesting b) Defecation c) Diuresis d) Embarrassment

Embarassment

The are no sensory neurons associated with the autonomic nervous system.

False

In the CNS, the _______ is considered the control and command center of the autonomic nervous system. a) Cerebrum b) Medulla oblongata c) Hypothalamus d) Spinal cord

Hypothalamus

Beta 3 receptors ___________ thermogenesis

Increase

Alpha 2 and beta 2 receptors cause ___________.

Inhibition

Which of the following structures are NOT involved in autonomic nervous system functions? a) Visceral afferent neurons b) Visceral efferent neurons c) Integration center of the brain d) Motor system of the brain e) A and B

Motor system of the brain

A nerve fiber that conducts impulses toward muscles and glands is called a __________ fiber. A nerve that conducts impulses toward the brain and spinal cord is called a __________ fiber

Motor, Afferent

Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for conserving energy and replenishing nutrient stores?

Parasympathetic

Which division of the autonomic nervous system maintains homeostasis when we are at rest?

Parasympathetic

_______________ division of ANS is referred by the epithet of rest and digest.

Parasympathetic

axon is unmyelinated type C (unmyelinated) fiber that terminates in a visceral effector.

Postganglionic neuron

cell body lies outside the CNS in an autonomic ganglion.

Postganglionic neuron

axon is myelinated type B fiber (autonomic efferent neurons) that extends to autonomic ganglion.

Preganglionic neuron

Autonomic motor neurons leaving the spinal cord synapse once prior to synapsing with the target organ. (t/f)

True

Autonomic motor pathways utilize two neurons while somatic motor pathways utilize one neuron. (t/f)

True

Homeostasis is the balance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of ANS. (t/f)

True

The enteric nervous system contains both motor and sensory neurons. (t/f)

True

The parasympathetic division is also called the craniosacral division because its preganglionic neurons are housed within nuclei in the brainstem and within the lateral gray matter of the S2-S4 spinal cord segments.

True

What systems are only innervated by the sympathetic nervous system? Check all that apply.

a) Most blood vessels b) Sweat glands in the trunk c) Arrector pili muscles in the skin

What are the characteristics of preganglionic and postganglionic neurons in the autonomic nervous system? Check all that apply.

a) Preganglionic neurons have cell bodies that lie within the brainstem or spinal cord and extend either as a cranial nerve or spinal nerve. b) Postganglionic neurons extend from the cell body to an effector (cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, or gland). c) The neurotransmitter released from a ganglionic neuron, in response to a nerve signal, is either acetylcholine (ACh) or norepinephrine (NE).

If the neuron secretes epinephrine, it is a(n) __________ neuron.

adrenergic

Requires two neurons to reach target.

autonomic nervous system

If the neuron secretes acetylcholine, it is a(n) __________neuron.

cholinergic

The Synapses of autonomic nervous system are Classified in 2 classes based upon the neurotransmitter released and also to the class of receptors that each neurotransmitter binds:

cholinergic neuron and adrenergic neuron

Alpha 1 and Beta 1 receptors produce ____________.

excitation

The motor division of the autonomic nervous system has ___________neuron(s) in each pathway.

two