Chapter 15
Receptors that bind norepinephrine or epinephrine are called _________ receptors.
Androgenic
Breathing is a function that happens without conscious awareness and is controlled by the _____________ nervous system.
Somatic
Target organ responding to neurotransmitters.
Somatic
The effect is always stimulatory.
Somatic
_____________ nervous system causes contraction of skeletal muscles and associated with voluntary responses.
Somatic
Conscious and unconscious regulation of skeletal muscle.
Somatic Nervous system
Which of the following is a functional part of the nervous system? a) Somatic nervous system b) Autonomic nervous system c) A and B d) None of the above
Somatic and Autonomic
Only one synapse between the neuron and the target.
Somatic nervous system
Skeletal muscles are the effectors
Somatic nervous system
_____________ division of ANS is associated with the fight-or-flight response
Sympathetic
Where do autonomic postganglionic neurons originate?
peripheral ganglia
cell body in brain or spinal cord.
preganglionic neuron
Autonomic motor nerves do NOT innervate.
skeletal muscle
Uses only one neuron to reach target.
somatic nervous system
Two divisions of the ANS are:
sympathetic and parasympathetic
All motor neurons release acetylcholine (Ach).
Somatic
_________________ neurons release norepinephrine.
Adrenergic
Organs innervated by autonomic motor neurons are often under voluntary control. (t/f)
False, Involuntary
Functions related to homeostasis are under control of ______________ nervous system.
Autonomic
Ganglionic neuron in _________ ganglion has an unmyelinated postganglionic axon that extends to the effector organ.
Autonomic
Preganglionic axons are myelinated; postganglionic axons are unmyelinated.
Autonomic
Preganglionic fibers release Ach and postganglionic fibers release norepinephrine or Ach.
Autonomic
Preganglionic neuron has a thin, lightly myelinated preganglionic axon.
Autonomic
Somatic motor neurons have a direct connection between the CNS and their effector organs while ______________ motor neurons must synapse on with a peripheral neuron before reaching their effectors.
Autonomic
The effect is either stimulatory or inhibitory, depending on type of receptor.
Autonomic
The effectors are cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and glands.
Autonomic
Unconscious regulation of smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and glands.
Autonomic
________________ nervous system controls cardiac and smooth muscle, as well as glandular tissue and is associated with involuntary responses.
Autonomic
______________nervous system is also called general visceral motor system.
Autonomic
What division of the nervous system functions independently and continuously, without conscious effort?
Autonomic nervous system
Check all that are characteristics of the somatic nervous system (SNS). a) It consists of two neurons in the pathway. b) Effector organs are skeletal muscle fibers. c) Axons are myelinated and thick. d) The SNS either excites or inhibits effector organs.
Axons are mylinated and thick, effector organs are skeletal muscle fibers
_______________ neurons and receptors release acetylcholine from preganglionic neurons & from parasympathetic postganglionic neurons
Cholinergic
________________ neurons and receptors excite or inhibit depending upon receptor type and organ involved.
Cholinergic
A, thick, heavily myelinated somatic motor fiber makes up each pathway from the CNS to the muscle.
Somatic
Which of the following functions are controlled by the parasympathetic nervous system? a) Running b) Embarrassment c) Excitement d) Digesting e) Fighting
Digesting
Which of the following is not controlled by parasympathetic nervous system? a) Digesting b) Defecation c) Diuresis d) Embarrassment
Embarassment
The are no sensory neurons associated with the autonomic nervous system.
False
In the CNS, the _______ is considered the control and command center of the autonomic nervous system. a) Cerebrum b) Medulla oblongata c) Hypothalamus d) Spinal cord
Hypothalamus
Beta 3 receptors ___________ thermogenesis
Increase
Alpha 2 and beta 2 receptors cause ___________.
Inhibition
Which of the following structures are NOT involved in autonomic nervous system functions? a) Visceral afferent neurons b) Visceral efferent neurons c) Integration center of the brain d) Motor system of the brain e) A and B
Motor system of the brain
A nerve fiber that conducts impulses toward muscles and glands is called a __________ fiber. A nerve that conducts impulses toward the brain and spinal cord is called a __________ fiber
Motor, Afferent
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for conserving energy and replenishing nutrient stores?
Parasympathetic
Which division of the autonomic nervous system maintains homeostasis when we are at rest?
Parasympathetic
_______________ division of ANS is referred by the epithet of rest and digest.
Parasympathetic
axon is unmyelinated type C (unmyelinated) fiber that terminates in a visceral effector.
Postganglionic neuron
cell body lies outside the CNS in an autonomic ganglion.
Postganglionic neuron
axon is myelinated type B fiber (autonomic efferent neurons) that extends to autonomic ganglion.
Preganglionic neuron
Autonomic motor neurons leaving the spinal cord synapse once prior to synapsing with the target organ. (t/f)
True
Autonomic motor pathways utilize two neurons while somatic motor pathways utilize one neuron. (t/f)
True
Homeostasis is the balance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of ANS. (t/f)
True
The enteric nervous system contains both motor and sensory neurons. (t/f)
True
The parasympathetic division is also called the craniosacral division because its preganglionic neurons are housed within nuclei in the brainstem and within the lateral gray matter of the S2-S4 spinal cord segments.
True
What systems are only innervated by the sympathetic nervous system? Check all that apply.
a) Most blood vessels b) Sweat glands in the trunk c) Arrector pili muscles in the skin
What are the characteristics of preganglionic and postganglionic neurons in the autonomic nervous system? Check all that apply.
a) Preganglionic neurons have cell bodies that lie within the brainstem or spinal cord and extend either as a cranial nerve or spinal nerve. b) Postganglionic neurons extend from the cell body to an effector (cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, or gland). c) The neurotransmitter released from a ganglionic neuron, in response to a nerve signal, is either acetylcholine (ACh) or norepinephrine (NE).
If the neuron secretes epinephrine, it is a(n) __________ neuron.
adrenergic
Requires two neurons to reach target.
autonomic nervous system
If the neuron secretes acetylcholine, it is a(n) __________neuron.
cholinergic
The Synapses of autonomic nervous system are Classified in 2 classes based upon the neurotransmitter released and also to the class of receptors that each neurotransmitter binds:
cholinergic neuron and adrenergic neuron
Alpha 1 and Beta 1 receptors produce ____________.
excitation
The motor division of the autonomic nervous system has ___________neuron(s) in each pathway.
two