Main factors responsible for emerging infectious diseases
Legionnaire's disease
EID that inhabits water containing technology used during the summer and early fall (ex. air conditioner, hot tub, etc)
(how human attitudes and behavior increase EID) intensive agriculture
any agricultural system involving the application of large amounts of capital and/or labor per unit of cultivated land; increases risk of zoonotic disease
(how technology increases EID) machines
bacteria can inhabit inside machine and spread through the touch of diseases
(how ecological disturbances increase EID) climate change
causes ecological and societal disturbances that can increase the incidence and distribution of infectious diseases
africa and asia
continents with highest population growth
North America and Europe
continents with lowest population growth
main factors responsible for emerging infectious diseases
1. Human population growth 2. Urbanization 3. Human behaviors and attitudes 4. Technology 5. Ecological disturbances 6. Rapid development of resistance by diseases and their vectors
(how technology increases EID) nosocomial infection
1. blood products in hospitals can be a source of infection 2. invasive medical procedures like surgery can transmit infectious diseases
(how human attitudes and behavior increase EID) societal factors
1. daycares: one kid sick makes others sick and gets parents sick 2. retirement homes: sick old people make more sick old people 3. food contamination is widespread
how urbanization and poverty increase EID
1. drain on natural resources 2. decrease in public health infrastructure (sanitation, rodents, immunizations) 3. malnutrition and decreased health services
(how human attitudes and behavior increase EID) culture/complacency
1. funeral practices: people touch infected dead bodies (ex. ebola) 2. sex and drugs: unprotected sex for disease 3. people don't get vaccinated (much higher risk)
Modes of Infectious Disease Transmission
1. person to person 2. biotic/abiotic vector to human (mosquitos, contaminated water, etc.) 3. zoonosis (animal to human)
variation in population that is related to EID
1. population age structure, growth rate, density 2. geography: tropical vs temperate 3. socioeconomic status: developed vs developing countries
components of population demography that facilitate EID
1. population growth 2. population size 3. population age structure (how many babies and seniors)
(how human attitudes and behavior increase EID) human migration
people move due to a variety of factors (war, disaster, etc) and bring their diseases with them to a place that hasn't experienced it before
(how ecological disturbances increase EID) natural disasters
populations are at risk of disease when these occur
(how ecological disturbances increase EID) hydro dams
this in Egypt caused snail populations to increases which allowed the trematode worm that causes disease to complete its life cycle and allowed mosquitos to release disease as well
(how ecological disturbances increase EID) deforestation and human intrusion
this in remote ecosystems contribute to the emergence of infectious diseases (zoonosis; increased contact with animals)
(how ecological disturbances increase EID) decline in species number and diversity
this is an ecosystem can have more rodent species in an area and reduce diseases like lyme disease and hantavirus
population growth
what are the factors for diseases mainly connected too
overpopulation
what is responsible for increased transmission of microbial diseases
lots of bugs and ways to transmit disease
why tropics make EID thrive
a smaller percent of a larger number is still a big number
why will population increase even though growth rate decreases
Urbanization
world population being concentrated into cities
how travel increases EID
you can travel anywhere easily and bring your disease with you especially with an incubation period for diseases
nosocomial infection
hospital acquired infection
(how human attitudes and behavior increase EID) complacency
hygiene; people don't wash their hands
Adaptation by disease organisms
diseases that survive antibiotics are able to evolve and become more resistant to treatment
EID
emerging infectious diseases