Chapter 15 sociology

What do Christianity and Islam have in common?

Both believe in a single supreme God; Both share many of the same stories in their central religious texts; Both believe in an afterlife

The Protestant work ethic was viewed in terms of its relationship to:

Capitalism

In what part of the world have Confucianism and Taoism been primarily practiced?

China

The main difference between an ecclesial and a denomination is:

Ecclesia are state-sponsored and considered an official religion

What are some denominations of the Christian Protestant church?

Methodist and Seventh-day Adventist

A sect:

Often believes it must split from the larger group to return to important fundamentals

Which of the following do the functionalist and conflict perspectives share?

Position that religion relates to social control, enforcing social norms

In what ways does religion serve the role of a social institution?

Religions have a complex and integrated set of norms; Religious practices and beliefs are related to societal values; Religions often meet several basic needs (all of the above)

Some controversial groups that may be mislabeled as cults include:

Scientology and the Hare Krishna

Totemism

belief in a divine connection between humans and other natural beings

Which socialist perspective most emphasizes the ways in which religion helps to maintain social inequalities within a society?

conflict theory

A cultural universal is something that:

is found in all cultures

Megachurches tend to have:

large arenas where services are held

Social scientists refer to the use of a church to combat social injustice in the political realm as:

liberation theology

Cults

religious groups that are small, secretive, and highly controlling of members and have a charismatic leader

Established sects

sects that last but do not become denominations

Many stories in the sacred text of Judaism are:

shared by Christianity and Islam

religious beliefs

specific ideas that members of a particular faith hold to be true

Atheism

the belief in no deities

Animism

the religion that believes in the divinity of nonhuman beings, like animals, plants, and objects of the natural world.

Liberation Theology

the use of a church to promote social change via the political arena

megachurch

a Christian church that has a very large congregation averaging more than 2,000 people who attend regular weekly services

Denomination

a large, mainstream religion that is not sponsored by the state

Monotheism

a religion based on belief in a single deity

Polytheism

a religion based on belief in multiple deities

Ecclesia

a religion that is considered the state religion

sect

a small, new offshoot of a denomination

Religion

a system of beliefs, values, and practices concerning what a person holds to be sacred or spiritually significant

religious rituals

behaviors or practices that are either required for or expected of the members of a particular group

Which perspective most emphasizes the ways in which religion helps keep the social system running smoothly?

functional perspective

Which of the main theoretical perspectives would approach religion from the micro-level, studying how religion impacts an individual's sense of support and well-being?

symbolic interactionism

religious experience

the conviction or sensation that one is connected to "the divine"