Chapter 16

T

T or F: Neither of the two main political parties embraced any serious federal program to cushion citizens from poverty or unemployment.

B

By 1913, the United States produced how much of the world's industrial output? A. half B. one-third C. 5 percent D. 10 percent

C

In 1890, the distribution of wealth in the United States was: A. about equally distributed. B. unknown, as data on wealth was not then collected C. the top 1 percent of Americans owned more property than the remaining 99 percent D. equal.

B

In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the years from 1873 to 1897 were known as: A. the Jazz Age. B. the Great Depression. C. the Age of Jackson. D. Reconstruction.

A

In the late nineteenth century, the Republican Party found particularly strong support among all of the following except: A. Irish Americans. B. Protestant immigrants. C. Union veterans. D. African-Americans.

F

T or F: At the Battle of Little Big Horn, General George Armstrong Custer's troops were victorious.

T

T or F: By the 1880s, the labor situation was such that Texas cowboys even went on strike for higher pay.

T

T or F: The Civil Service Act of 1883 marked the first step in establishing a professional civil service and removing officeholding from the hands of political machines.

F

T or F: The Democrats were the party of big government; the Republicans were the party of laissez-faire.

T

T or F: The Knights of Labor regarded inequalities of wealth and power as a growing threat to American democracy.

F

T or F: The West was a remarkably homogeneous region—only in the twentieth century would it become ethnically diverse.

T

T or F: The extermination of the North American bison (buffalo) drastically undermined the livelihood of the Plains Indians.

T

T or F: Wage reductions were commonplace during economic downturns.

F

T or F: With the mechanization of manufacture, skilled workers virtually disappeared from industrial America.

F

T or F: Yale professor William Graham Sumner believed that America could achieve its ideals only with fair, progressive taxation.

B

The industrial revolution in the United States took place principally in: A. the Southwest and Northwest. B. the Northeast and the Midwest. C. the mid-Atlantic states and the Southwest. D. the Southeast and Southwest.

A

The politics of Gilded Age America was said to be: A. a time of dishonesty and corruption in which corporations battled each other for special consideration by local state and federal governments. B. a golden age, like that of the period of the American founding, in the late eighteenth century. C. a glittering Jazz Age and time for youthful rebellion. D. an era of golden opportunity for migrants, immigrants, and Native Americans.

D

The spirit of innovation contributed importantly to the dynamic and expansive growth of the American economy in the late nineteenth century. Which of the following was not an innovation of the 1870s and 1880s? A. handheld camera B. typewriter C. telephone D. the airplane

A

What was the book in which Henry George proposed a "single tax" on real estate that would replace all other taxes? A. Progress and Poverty B. The Cooperative Commonwealth C. Civic Engagement D. Looking Backward

C

What was the name of the organization that sought to organize both skilled and unskilled workers, women as well as men, blacks along with whites, and achieved a membership of nearly 800,000 in 1886? A. the American Federation of Labor B. the Workingman's Union C. the Knights of Labor D. the Congress of Industrial Organizations

A

Which census revealed for the first time that there were more non-farming jobs than farming jobs in the United States? A. 1880 B. 1860 C. 1870 D. 1900

C

Which of the following was John D. Rockefeller's company? A. Union Pacific Railroad B. Triangle Shirtwaist Company C. Standard Oil Company D. U.S. Steel

C

Which of the following was not true of the second industrial revolution? A. More than any other sector, the railroad was the engine of the industrialization. B. Some companies beat out the competition by taking over more stages of production and distribution. C. A boom in automobile manufacture spurred the rise of oil, rubber, and steel production. D. Some companies rose to dominance by operating at a loss and underselling their rivals.