Chapter 16: Autonomic Nervous System

conduct impulses between the spinal cord and a ganglion ganglion

preganglionic neurons

Clusters of ganglionic sympathetic neurons that innervate organs in the abdominopelvic region are called ________ ganglia. A) intramural B) collateral C) chain D) paravertebral E) suprarenal

B

Craniosacral division is another name for the A) sympathetic division of the ANS. B) parasympathetic division of the ANS. C) somatic nervous system. D) afferent nervous system. E) central nervous system.

B

The ________ division of the autonomic nervous system is said to function during "rest and digest." A) sympathetic B) parasympathetic C) thoracolumbar D) visceral E) somatomotor

B

Sympathetic preganglionic neurons are ________ and have ________ axons. A) long; myelinated B) long; unmyelinated C) short; myelinated D) short; unmyelinated E) intermediate; white

C

The parasympathetic nervous system is especially active during which physiological state(s)? A) exertion B) trauma C) digestion D) stress E) exercise

C

The statement "there is always a peripheral synapse between the CNS and the effector organ" is A) true only for the parasympathetic nervous system. B) true only for the sympathetic nervous system. C) true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems. D) not true for either the parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous systems. E) true only for the somatic nervous system.

C

somatic motor and autonomic pathways share all of the following except: a. direction of impulse conduction b. effectors located outside of the CNS c. number of neurons between the CNS and effector d. acetylcholine as a possible neurotransmitter

C

enzyme that breaks down the remaining neurotransmitter

Catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT)

Preganglionic fibers leave the CNS and then synapse on A) postganglionic fibers. B) visceral reflex responses. C) motor neurons. D) ganglionic neurons. E) afferent neurons.

D

Preganglionic neurons of the autonomic nervous system are located in A) the brain. B) the lateral gray horns of the spinal cord. C) the posterior gray horns of the spinal cord. D) both the brain and the lateral gray horns of the spinal cord. E) the cerebrum.

D

The sympathetic division of the ANS is also known as which of the following? A) somatic division B) craniosacral division C) resting division D) thoracolumbar division E) lumbosacral division

D

Ganglionic neurons innervate such things as A) smooth muscle. B) cardiac muscle. C) adipose tissue. D) glands. E) All of the answers are correct.

E

Conduction of autonomic effectors requires only one efferent neuron True or False

False

The sympathetic division is the dominant controller of the body at rest True or False

False

enzyme that breaks ip neurotransmitter molecules taken back up by the synaptic knobs

Monoamine oxidase (MAO)

The sympathetic division is also called the thoracolumbar division True or False

T

Many autonomic effectors are dually innervated True or False

True

Sympathetic responses are usually widespread, involving many organ systems at once True or False

True

All autonomic neuron function in reflex arcs are called:

autonomic reflexes or visceral reflexes

what is sympathetic?

adapts the body to periods of stress or threats and is often referred to as the "fight or flight system."

nonrepinenphrine affects visceral effectors by first binding to __________ receptors in their plasma membranes

adrenergic

regulates body's involuntary effectors

autonomic nervous system

efferent neurons that make up the ANS

autonomic neurons

the effect of a neurotransmitter on any postsynaptic cell is determined by the __________

characteristics of the receptor

preganglionic neuron

conducts impulses from the central nervous system to an autonomic ganglion

"fight or flight" physiologic changes include all of the following except: a. increased conversion of glycogen to glucose b. constriction of respiratory airways c. increased perspiration d. dilation of blood vessels in skeletal muscles

constriction of respiratory airways

Another name for the parasympathetic nervous system is:

craniosacral

within the sympathetic chain reaction ganglion, the preganglionic fiber may: a. synapse with a sympathetic postganglionic neuron b. send an ascending branch through the sympathetic trunk c. pass through chain ganglia and synapse in a collateral ganglion d. all of the above

d. all of the above

which of the following is not an example of sympathetic stimulation? a. decreased heart rate b. decreased secretion of the pancreas c. constriction of the urinary sphincters d. dilation of skeletal muscle blood vessels

decreased heart rate

postganglionic neuron

efferent neuron with which a preganglionic neuron synapses within autonomic ganglion

_________ also stimulates adrenergic receptors, enhancing and prolonging effects of sympathetic stimulation

epinephrine

dendrites and cell bodies of sympathetic preganglionic neurons are located in the:

gray matter of the thoracic and upper lumbar segments of the spinal cord

The _________ portion of the peripheral nervous system is the _________ nervous system.

involuntary and autonomic

a ______ receptor is a main type of cholinergic receptor

nicotinic

acetylcholine binds to two types of cholinergic receptors:

nicotinic receptors and muscarinic receptors

beta receptors bind with:

norepinephrine

Binding of ________ to ______ receptors in smooth muscle of blood vessel is stimulating, causing the vessels to constrict

norepinephrine and alpha

binding of _______ to _______ receptors in smooth muscle of blood vessels in inhibitory, causing blood vessels to dilate; in cardiac muscle, has stimulating effect

norepinephrine and beta

accommodates lends for near visions

parasympathetic control

constricts pupils

parasympathetic control

increases peristalsis

parasympathetic control

increases secretion of digestive juices and insulin

parasympathetic control

slows heartbeat

parasympathetic control

the action of acetylcholine is ________ terminated when hydrolyzed by the enzyme acetylcholinesterase

quickly

cholinergic fibers

release acetylcholine; axons of preganglionic sympathetic neurons and of preganglionic

adrenergi fibes

release norephinephrine; axons of postganglionic sympathetic neurons

In the sympathetic division, preganglionic neurons are relatively ______ and postganglionic neurons are relatively _______

short and long

In the sympathetic division, preganglionic neurons are relatively ______, and postganglionic neurons are ______

short and long

voluntary actions

somatic nervous system

What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system

sympathetic and parasympathetic

bronchial relaxation

sympathetic control

constricts blood vessels

sympathetic control

increases epinephrine secretion

sympathetic control

increases sweat secretion

sympathetic control

relaxes bladder

sympathetic control

division of ANS

sympathetic system

digestion

sympathetic: decreased peristalsis parasympathetic: increased persistalsis

eye

sympathetic: dilates parasympathetic: constricts

skeletal muscles

sympathetic: dilates parasympathetic: no effect

heart

sympathetic: excites

bronchioles

sympathetic: relaxation (dilation) parasympathetic: constriction

What is the role of the autonomic nervous system?

to regulate heartbeat, smooth muscle contraction, glandular secretions, and metabolic functions to maintain homeostatic balance and react to threats to that balance

tissues to which autonomic neurons conduct impulses

visceral effectors

The autonomic function is to regulate

visceral effectors in ways that tend to maintain or quickly restore homeostasis

The ________portion of the peripheral nervous system is the _______ nervous system

voluntary and somatic

what is parasympathetic?

which is more regulatory. It is most active during ordinary, relaxed conditions and is sometimes called the "rest and repose system."