Chapter 16: Autonomic Nervous System
conduct impulses between the spinal cord and a ganglion ganglion
preganglionic neurons
Clusters of ganglionic sympathetic neurons that innervate organs in the abdominopelvic region are called ________ ganglia. A) intramural B) collateral C) chain D) paravertebral E) suprarenal
B
Craniosacral division is another name for the A) sympathetic division of the ANS. B) parasympathetic division of the ANS. C) somatic nervous system. D) afferent nervous system. E) central nervous system.
B
The ________ division of the autonomic nervous system is said to function during "rest and digest." A) sympathetic B) parasympathetic C) thoracolumbar D) visceral E) somatomotor
B
Sympathetic preganglionic neurons are ________ and have ________ axons. A) long; myelinated B) long; unmyelinated C) short; myelinated D) short; unmyelinated E) intermediate; white
C
The parasympathetic nervous system is especially active during which physiological state(s)? A) exertion B) trauma C) digestion D) stress E) exercise
C
The statement "there is always a peripheral synapse between the CNS and the effector organ" is A) true only for the parasympathetic nervous system. B) true only for the sympathetic nervous system. C) true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems. D) not true for either the parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous systems. E) true only for the somatic nervous system.
C
somatic motor and autonomic pathways share all of the following except: a. direction of impulse conduction b. effectors located outside of the CNS c. number of neurons between the CNS and effector d. acetylcholine as a possible neurotransmitter
C
enzyme that breaks down the remaining neurotransmitter
Catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT)
Preganglionic fibers leave the CNS and then synapse on A) postganglionic fibers. B) visceral reflex responses. C) motor neurons. D) ganglionic neurons. E) afferent neurons.
D
Preganglionic neurons of the autonomic nervous system are located in A) the brain. B) the lateral gray horns of the spinal cord. C) the posterior gray horns of the spinal cord. D) both the brain and the lateral gray horns of the spinal cord. E) the cerebrum.
D
The sympathetic division of the ANS is also known as which of the following? A) somatic division B) craniosacral division C) resting division D) thoracolumbar division E) lumbosacral division
D
Ganglionic neurons innervate such things as A) smooth muscle. B) cardiac muscle. C) adipose tissue. D) glands. E) All of the answers are correct.
E
Conduction of autonomic effectors requires only one efferent neuron True or False
False
The sympathetic division is the dominant controller of the body at rest True or False
False
enzyme that breaks ip neurotransmitter molecules taken back up by the synaptic knobs
Monoamine oxidase (MAO)
The sympathetic division is also called the thoracolumbar division True or False
T
Many autonomic effectors are dually innervated True or False
True
Sympathetic responses are usually widespread, involving many organ systems at once True or False
True
All autonomic neuron function in reflex arcs are called:
autonomic reflexes or visceral reflexes
what is sympathetic?
adapts the body to periods of stress or threats and is often referred to as the "fight or flight system."
nonrepinenphrine affects visceral effectors by first binding to __________ receptors in their plasma membranes
adrenergic
regulates body's involuntary effectors
autonomic nervous system
efferent neurons that make up the ANS
autonomic neurons
the effect of a neurotransmitter on any postsynaptic cell is determined by the __________
characteristics of the receptor
preganglionic neuron
conducts impulses from the central nervous system to an autonomic ganglion
"fight or flight" physiologic changes include all of the following except: a. increased conversion of glycogen to glucose b. constriction of respiratory airways c. increased perspiration d. dilation of blood vessels in skeletal muscles
constriction of respiratory airways
Another name for the parasympathetic nervous system is:
craniosacral
within the sympathetic chain reaction ganglion, the preganglionic fiber may: a. synapse with a sympathetic postganglionic neuron b. send an ascending branch through the sympathetic trunk c. pass through chain ganglia and synapse in a collateral ganglion d. all of the above
d. all of the above
which of the following is not an example of sympathetic stimulation? a. decreased heart rate b. decreased secretion of the pancreas c. constriction of the urinary sphincters d. dilation of skeletal muscle blood vessels
decreased heart rate
postganglionic neuron
efferent neuron with which a preganglionic neuron synapses within autonomic ganglion
_________ also stimulates adrenergic receptors, enhancing and prolonging effects of sympathetic stimulation
epinephrine
dendrites and cell bodies of sympathetic preganglionic neurons are located in the:
gray matter of the thoracic and upper lumbar segments of the spinal cord
The _________ portion of the peripheral nervous system is the _________ nervous system.
involuntary and autonomic
a ______ receptor is a main type of cholinergic receptor
nicotinic
acetylcholine binds to two types of cholinergic receptors:
nicotinic receptors and muscarinic receptors
beta receptors bind with:
norepinephrine
Binding of ________ to ______ receptors in smooth muscle of blood vessel is stimulating, causing the vessels to constrict
norepinephrine and alpha
binding of _______ to _______ receptors in smooth muscle of blood vessels in inhibitory, causing blood vessels to dilate; in cardiac muscle, has stimulating effect
norepinephrine and beta
accommodates lends for near visions
parasympathetic control
constricts pupils
parasympathetic control
increases peristalsis
parasympathetic control
increases secretion of digestive juices and insulin
parasympathetic control
slows heartbeat
parasympathetic control
the action of acetylcholine is ________ terminated when hydrolyzed by the enzyme acetylcholinesterase
quickly
cholinergic fibers
release acetylcholine; axons of preganglionic sympathetic neurons and of preganglionic
adrenergi fibes
release norephinephrine; axons of postganglionic sympathetic neurons
In the sympathetic division, preganglionic neurons are relatively ______ and postganglionic neurons are relatively _______
short and long
In the sympathetic division, preganglionic neurons are relatively ______, and postganglionic neurons are ______
short and long
voluntary actions
somatic nervous system
What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system
sympathetic and parasympathetic
bronchial relaxation
sympathetic control
constricts blood vessels
sympathetic control
increases epinephrine secretion
sympathetic control
increases sweat secretion
sympathetic control
relaxes bladder
sympathetic control
division of ANS
sympathetic system
digestion
sympathetic: decreased peristalsis parasympathetic: increased persistalsis
eye
sympathetic: dilates parasympathetic: constricts
skeletal muscles
sympathetic: dilates parasympathetic: no effect
heart
sympathetic: excites
bronchioles
sympathetic: relaxation (dilation) parasympathetic: constriction
What is the role of the autonomic nervous system?
to regulate heartbeat, smooth muscle contraction, glandular secretions, and metabolic functions to maintain homeostatic balance and react to threats to that balance
tissues to which autonomic neurons conduct impulses
visceral effectors
The autonomic function is to regulate
visceral effectors in ways that tend to maintain or quickly restore homeostasis
The ________portion of the peripheral nervous system is the _______ nervous system
voluntary and somatic
what is parasympathetic?
which is more regulatory. It is most active during ordinary, relaxed conditions and is sometimes called the "rest and repose system."
