Chapter 16

What is the primary function of the tympanic membrane? To equalize air pressure in the tympanic cavity To transduce airborne vibrations into neural signals To transmit sound vibrations to the auditory ossicles To block bacteria from entering the inner ear

To transmit sound vibrations to the auditory ossicles

During hearing, which of the following is the first to vibrate? Multiple Choice Basilar membrane Tympanic membrane Hair cells of spiral organ Oval window Stapes

Tympanic membrane

True or false: Lower firing rates of inner hair cells in narrower bands of the cochlea will be interpret by the brain as a softer sound. True False

True

True or false: The macula utriculi are oriented horizontally on the floor of the utricle. True False

True

Olfactory cells are a type of what? Neuron Mucus cell Epithelial cell Respiratory cell

neuron

When olfactory fibers pass through the roof of the nose, they directly enter the ______. brainstem olfactory tracts cerebrum olfactory bulbs

olfactory bulbs

When olfactory fibers pass through the roof of the nose, they directly enter the ______. cerebrum brainstem olfactory bulbs olfactory tracts

olfactory bulbs

When olfactory fibers pass through the roof of the nose, they directly enter the ______. olfactory bulbs cerebrum brainstem olfactory tracts

olfactory bulbs

Which term refers to the area within which a single sensory neuron is able to detect a stimulus? Projection pathway Receptive field Labeled line Primary sensory cortex

Receptive Field

Which term refers to any structure specialized to detect a stimulus? Sense organ Nerve Receptor Modality

Receptor

Which term refers to any structure specialized to detect a stimulus? Sense organ Receptor Modality Nerve

Receptor

Which term refers to a local, stimulus-induced change in the membrane potential of a receptor cell? Sensation Receptor potential Sensory modality Receptive field

Receptor potential

Place the following events in order starting with the vibration of the oval window and ending with the depolarization of hair cells. K+ ions enter the hair cell causing depolarization Inner hair cells are pushed against the tectorial membrane Basilar membrane moves up and down Oval window vibrates Pressure wave travels through the perilymph of the scala vestibuli Sterocilia bend and tip-link proteins open K+ channels

1) Oval window vibrates 2) Pressure wave travels through the perilymph of the scala vestibuli 3) Basilar membrane moves up and down 4) Inner hair cells are pushed against tectorial membrane 5) Stereocilia bend and tip-link proteins open K+ channels 6) K+ ions enter hair cell causing depolarization

List the steps (in order) involved in detecting a change in static equilibrium Shift of the otolithic membrane Tilt of the head Bending of the stereocilia Depolarization of hair cells

1) Tilt of the head 2) Shift of the otolithic membrane 3) Bending of stereocilia 4) Depolarization of hair cells

What is the cupula? A gelatinous cap surrounding the stereocilia and kinocilium of the hair cells A patch of hair cells located on the wall of the saccule A mound of hair cells within the ampulla A dilated sac at one end of the semicircular canal

A gelatinous cap surrounding the stereocilia and kinocilium of the hair cells

What is a receptive field? Area within which a single sensory neuron is able to detect a stimulus The region of the cerebral cortex that first receives a particular type of sensory signal Site where axons in a projection pathway cross to the opposite side of the brain Location of signal integration in the thalamus

Area within which a single sensory neuron is able to detect a stimulus

Which is located in the middle ear? Auricle Reason: The auricle is part of the outer ear. External acoustic meatus Reason: The external acoustic meatus is part of the outer ear. Cochlea Reason: The cochlea is part of the inner ear. Auditory ossicles

Auditory ossicles

Select all that apply Which sensory modalities are mediated by inner ear structures? Gustation Balance Hearing Pressure Olfaction

Balance Hearing

Which cells of a taste bud are stem cells that multiply and replace taste cells that have died? Basal cells Taste hairs Taste cells Supporting cells

Basal Cells

The cochlea detects differences in the pitch of sound because different frequencies vibrate different areas along which of the following? Basilar membrane Tectorial membrane Tympanic membrane Auditory canal

Basilar Membrane

The cochlea detects differences in the pitch of sound because different frequencies vibrate different areas along which of the following? Tectorial membrane Tympanic membrane Auditory canal Basilar membrane

Basilar membrane

Which term refers to the comparison of signals from both the right and left ears to localize the source of a sound? Hemidecussation Optic chiasm Binaural hearing Stereopsis

Binaural hearing

Which of the following are examples of the kind of information obtained from sensory receptors? Check all that apply. Bitter Brightness of light Membrane potential Duration of an instrumental note Placement of an item in your left vs. right hand

Bitter Brightness of light Duration of an instrumental note Placement of an item in your left vs. right hand

Select all that apply Which sensations result from activation of interoceptors? Vision Hearing Pain in the skin Bladder pressure Visceral pain

Bladder Pressure Visceral Pain

What are olfactory hairs? Small, spiky projections that cover the tongue Cilia on olfactory cells that have receptors for odor molecules Stiff hairs that line the anterior nasal passages Small bundles of olfactory cell axons that come together to form the olfactory nerve

Cilia on olfactory cells that have receptors for odor molecules

The axons of bipolar sensory neurons leave the spiral organ to form which nerve? Vestibular Cochlear Hypoglossal Abducens

Cochlear

Describe the function of the spiral organ. Transmits sound vibrations to the tympanic membrane Converts sound vibrations into nerve impulses Muffles the vibrations of the tympanic membrane Senses the orientation of the head

Converts sound vibrations into nerve impulses

Describe the function of the spiral organ. Transmits sound vibrations to the tympanic membrane Senses the orientation of the head Converts sound vibrations into nerve impulses Muffles the vibrations of the tympanic membrane

Converts sound vibrations into nerve impulses

Which term refers to the gelatinous cap surrounding the stereocilia and kinocilium of the hair cells within the ampullae of the semicircular ducts? Cupula Saccule Macula Crista

Cupula

Which term refers to the gelatinous cap surrounding the stereocilia and kinocilium of the hair cells within the ampullae of the semicircular ducts? Saccule Macula Cupula Crista

Cupula

What occurs when outer hair cells of the spiral organ are stimulated by motor neurons from the pons? Increased mobility of the basilar membrane Decreased mobility of the basilar membrane Increased mobility of the vestibular membrane Decreased mobility of the vestibular membrane

Decreased mobility of the basilar membrane

What occurs when outer hair cells of the spiral organ are stimulated by motor neurons from the pons? Increased mobility of the vestibular membrane Decreased mobility of the vestibular membrane Increased mobility of the basilar membrane Decreased mobility of the basilar membrane

Decreased mobility of the basilar membrane

Which term refers specifically to the perception of acceleration? Nociception Dynamic equilibrium Proprioception Static equilibrium

Dynamic equilibrium

The vestibule contains receptors for which sensory modality? Audition (hearing) Olfaction (smell) Vision (sight) Gustation (taste) Equilibrium (balance)

Equilibrium (balance)

The middle ear has four bones. True or False

False

True or false: All sensory signals are consciously perceived. True False

False

True or false: Sensory receptors are composed of sensory organs. True False

False

Which type of lingual papillae is most abundant? Foliate papillae Vallate papillae Filiform papillae Fungiform papillae

Filiform Papillae

Which type of lingual papillae is responsible for giving cats' tongues their rough, sandpaper-like feel? Filiform papillae Fungiform papillae Foliate papillae Vallate papillae

Filiform Papillae

Which type of lingual papillae is responsible for giving cats' tongues their rough, sandpaper-like feel? Foliate papillae Vallate papillae Fungiform papillae Filiform papillae

Filiform Papillae

Which type of lingual papillae do not contain taste buds? Filiform papillae Foliate papillae Fungiform papillae Vallate papillae

Filiform papillae

Which type of lingual papillae is most abundant? Filiform papillae Vallate papillae Fungiform papillae Foliate papillae

Filiform papillae

Which type of lingual papillae are weakly developed in humans and lose most of their taste buds by age 2 or 3 years? Foliate papillae Filiform papillae Vallate papillae Fungiform papillae

Foliate Papillae

Which type of lingual papillae form parallel ridges on the sides of the tongue? Filiform papillae Foliate papillae Vallate papillae Fungiform papillae

Foliate Papillae

The pitch of a sound is determined by which aspect of the vibration producing it? Frequency Loudness Intensity Amplitude

Frequency

Which type of lingual papillae contain about three taste buds per papillae? Foliate papillae Fungiform papillae Vallate papillae Filiform papillae

Fungiform papillae

Which term refers to the sensation of taste? Proprioception Nociception Olfaction Gustation

Gustation

Which act as sensory receptors within the utricle and saccule? Taste buds Hair cells Crista ampullaris Otolithic membrane

Hair cells

Which act as sensory receptors within the utricle and saccule? Taste buds Hair cells Otolithic membrane Crista ampullaris

Hair cells

The cochlea contains receptors for which sense? Olfaction Equilibrium Hearing Vision

Hearing

Select all that apply Which sensory modalities are mediated by inner ear structures? Hearing Gustation Olfaction Pressure Balance

Hearing Balance

Select all that apply Which types of sensation depend on the activation of mechanoreceptors? Hearing Vibration Balance Cold Touch Vision

Hearing Vibration Balance Touch

Select all that apply Cerumen does which of the following? Inhibits bacterial growth Waterproofs the ear canal Keeps the tympanic membrane pliable Amplifies vibrations entering the ear canal

Inhibits bacterial growth Waterproofs the ear canal Keeps the tympanic membrane pliable

The visible bumps on the tongue are not taste buds, but instead are called ___________________ papillae.

Lingual

The central pillar of bone within the cochlea of the inner ear is called the _______________________

MODIOLUS

Which term refers to patches of sensory epithelium within the utricle and saccule? Lingual papillae Olfactory epithelium Semicircular canals Maculae Crista ampullaris

Maculae

Which term refers to patches of sensory epithelium within the utricle and saccule? Maculae Crista ampullaris Semicircular canals Olfactory epithelium Lingual papillae

Maculae

Select all that apply What are the names of the auditory ossicles? Malleus Incus Cochlea Pinna Stapes

Malleus Incus Stapes

Which term refers to the type of stimulus or sensation produced when a sensory receptor is activated? Modality Threshold Format Effector

Modality

Which term refers to the central pillar of spongy bone which supports the cochlea of the inner ear? Modiolus Saccule Vestibule Utricle

Modiolus

Which term refers to the central pillar of spongy bone which supports the cochlea of the inner ear? Utricle Vestibule Saccule Modiolus

Modiolus

Select all that apply Which is associated with a louder sound? More vigorous vibration of the basilar membrane Higher firing frequency of axons in the cochlear nerve IHCs activated in a narrower band of the cochlea Greater number of hair cells excited

More vigorous vibration of the basilar membrane Higher firing frequency of axons in the cochlear nerve Greater number of hair cells excited

Select all that apply Equilibrium refers to perception of which of the following? Choose three of the options below. Orientation in space Hearing Coordination Balance Perception of time

Orientation in space Coordination Balance

Select all that apply Equilibrium refers to perception of which of the following? Choose three of the options below. Perception of time Orientation in space Coordination Hearing Balance

Orientation in space Coordination Balance

Which membrane is found in the maculae of the saccule and utricle? Tympanic Basilar Otolithic Tectorial

Otolithic

While hearing is primarily a function of the inner hair cells, cochlear tuning is a function of the _______________ hair cells.

Outer

Which of the following are types of photoreceptor cells? Check All That Apply Rods Cones Amacrine cells Bipolar cells Horizonal cells

Rods Cones

Which of the following is a true statement regarding photoreceptors? Check all that apply. Rods are responsible for night vision. Rods are associated with photopic vision. Cones are associated with color vision There are more cones than rods. Cones function in brighter light.

Rods are responsible for night vision Cones are associated with color vision Cones function in brighter light

Select all that apply Maculae are found in which parts of the inner ear? Select two answers from the list below. Saccule Scala tympani Utricle Cochlea

Saccule Utricle

Which cochlear chamber is the most superior? Scala media Scala vestibuli Scala tympani

Scala Vestibuli

What are the components of the vestibular apparatus? Choose three answers from the list below. Cochlea Semicircular ducts Spiral organ Utricle Saccule

Semicircular ducts Utricle Saccule

Which of the following statements are true regarding olfaction? Check All That Apply Smell is a chemical sense. Odorant molecules dissolve in mucus before stimulating a receptor. Humans can only distinguish up to 200 odors. Olfactory receptors have hairs on the apical surface that respond to stimuli. When olfactory receptors are stimulated, the response is referred to as "gustation."

Smell is a chemical sense Odorant molecules dissolve in mucus before stimulating a receptor Olfactory receptors have hairs on the apical surface that respond to stimuli

Which term refers to any audible vibration of molecules? Vision Olfaction Sound Gustation

Sound

The cochlear nerve is formed by the axons of which of the following? Inner hair cells Spiral ganglion neurons Mitral cells Outer hair cells

Spiral ganglion neurons

Which term refers to the perception of the orientation of the head when the body is stationary? Linear acceleration Angular acceleration Static equilibrium Dynamic equilibrium

Static equilibrium

Exteroceptors respond to which of the following? Stimuli from internal organs Stimuli pertaining to the position or movements of body parts Stimuli that produce feelings of nausea Stimuli external to the body

Stimuli external to the body

Which of the following plays the largest role in binaural hearing? Superior olivary nuclei of the pons Cochlear nuclei of the medulla Inferior colliculus Spiral ganglia of the cochlea

Superior olivary nuclei of the pons

Which of the following plays the largest role in binaural hearing? Superior olivary nuclei of the pons Spiral ganglia of the cochlea Cochlear nuclei of the medulla Inferior colliculus

Superior olivary nuclei of the pons

Select all that apply Which sensory modalities depend on the activation of chemoreceptors? Taste Hearing Smell Vision

Taste Smell

Which of the following statements are true regarding gustation? Check All That Apply Taste is chemical sense. It's easier to taste with a dry tongue. Humans are more sensitive to taste than to smell. When gustatory hairs are stimulated, a receptor potential is created. All of the primary tastes can be detected throughout the tongue.

Taste is a Chemical sense When gustatory hairs are stimulated, a receptor potential is created All of the primary tastses can be detected throughout the tongue

Which cranial bone contains the bony labyrinth? Ethmoid Maxilla Sphenoid Temporal Parietal

Temporal

Which cranial bone contains the bony labyrinth? Temporal Ethmoid Parietal Maxilla Sphenoid

Temporal

Relative to high frequency vibrations, lower frequency vibrations cause which of the following? The basilar membrane to vibrate more vigorously along its entire length The basilar membrane to vibrate less vigorously along its entire length The proximal end of the basilar membrane to vibrate more than the distal end The distal end of the basilar membrane to vibrate more than the proximal end

The distal end of the basilar membrane to vibrate more than the proximal end

Relative to high frequency vibrations, lower frequency vibrations cause which of the following? The distal end of the basilar membrane to vibrate more than the proximal end The basilar membrane to vibrate more vigorously along its entire length The basilar membrane to vibrate less vigorously along its entire length The proximal end of the basilar membrane to vibrate more than the distal end

The distal end of the basilar membrane to vibrate more than the proximal end

Binaural hearing allows you to compare the signals coming from the right and left ears in order to determine which of the following? The pitch of a sound The loudness of a sound The frequency of vibration The location of the sound's source

The location of the sound's source

Which type of receptor is specialized to respond to hot and cold stimuli? Thermoreceptor Chemoreceptor Nociceptor Photoreceptor Mechanoreceptor

Thermoreceptor

What types of stimuli activate nociceptors? Tissue damage, potentially damaging stimuli Warm temperatures Odors and tastes Vibration, touch, pressure, stretch, or tension

Tissue damage, potentially damaging stimuli

What is the primary function of a sensory receptor? Amplification Propagation Perception Transduction

Transduction

What is the primary function of a sensory receptor? Transduction Propagation Amplification Perception

Transduction

__________________is the conversion of one form of energy to another. In biology, it is used to describe the conversion of stimulus energy into an electrical signal in the nervous system. Perception Transduction Transformation Sensation

Transduction

What is the function of the middle ear? Transmit sound waves to the outer ear Transmit sound waves to the inner ear Convert nerve signals to vibrations Convert vibration to nerve signals

Transmit sound waves to the inner ear

What is the primary function of the outer ear? Transmitting sound vibrations to the tympanic membrane Equalizing air pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane Transducing vibrations into neural signals Monitoring motion and body position

Transmitting sound vibrations to the tympanic membrane

Short wavelengths from high pitched sounds cause displacement of the basilar membrane near the oval window. True or False

True

Which structure transmits sound vibrations to the auditory ossicles? Incus Pharyngotympanic tube Tympanic membrane Cochlea

Tympanic membrane

Select all that apply Name the two chambers of the vestibule. Semicircular ducts Utricle Saccule Cochlea

Utricle Saccule

Select all that apply What are the components of the vestibular apparatus? Choose three answers from the list below. Utricle Spiral organ Saccule Semicircular ducts Cochlea

Utricle Saccule Semicircular Ducts

Which type of lingual papillae contain up to half of all taste buds and are arranged in a V towards the rear of the tongue? Filiform papillae Vallate papillae Fungiform papillae Foliate papillae

Vallate Papillae

Together, the utricle, saccule, and semicircular ducts comprise which of the following? Vestibular apparatus Bony labyrinth Pinna Ossicles

Vestibular apparatus

Select all that apply Which types of sensation depend on the activation of mechanoreceptors? Vibration Vision Hearing Cold Balance Touch

Vibration Hearing Balance Touch

Which are examples of sensory modality? Vision Phasic Taste Tonic Hearing

Vision Taste Hearing

A B C

Which of the structures shown here contain receptor hair cells (macula or crista ampullaris) of equilibrium? A E D B C

A B C

Which of the structures shown here contain receptor hair cells (macula or crista ampullaris) of equilibrium? C A D B E

Select all that apply What information does the brain use to determine the intensity of a stimulus? Which sensory neurons respond How rapidly the sensory neurons fire How long the stimulus lasts How many sensory neurons respond Which receptive fields are stimulated

Which sensory neurons respond How rapidly the sensory neurons fire How many sensory neurons respond

E

Which structure in this figure contains the sense organ for hearing?

The ____________________ tube is a flattened tube which, when opened by actions such as yawning or swallowing, equalizes pressure in the

auditory

The ____________________ tube is a flattened tube which, when opened by actions such as yawning or swallowing, equalizes pressure in the tympanic cavity.

auditory

Which is also known as the external acoustic meatus? Pharyngotympanic tube Auditory canal Eustachian tube Tympanic cavity

auditory canal

Infections of the throat may be transmitted to the middle ear via which of the following? Auditory canal Auditory tube Cochlea Vestibule

auditory tube

Infections of the throat may be transmitted to the middle ear via which of the following? Auditory tube Cochlea Auditory canal Vestibule

auditory tube

Which cells of a taste bud are stem cells that multiply and replace taste cells that have died? Taste cells Taste hairs Supporting cells Basal cells

basal cells

Ear ossicles are tiny ______. membranes hairs cartilages bones

bones

The taste_______________are found mainly on the lingual papillae and contain the sensory receptors for taste.

buds

Earwax, also called _________________, is a protective, sticky secretion of ear canal glands. It waterproofs the ear canal and inhibits bacterial growth.

cerumen

The axons of bipolar sensory neurons leave the spiral organ to form which nerve? Cochlear Abducens Hypoglossal Vestibular

cochlear

The __________________ ampullaris is a mound of hair cells and supporting cells within the ampulla of a semicircular canal.

crista

The _______________________ ampullaris is a mound of hair cells and supporting cells within the ampulla of a semicircular canal.

crista

Which term refers to the mound of hair cells and supporting cells within the ampullae of the semicircular ducts? Cupula Macula saccule Macula utriculi Crista ampullaris

crista ampullaris

Which term refers to the mound of hair cells and supporting cells within the ampullae of the semicircular ducts? Macula utriculi Cupula Crista ampullaris Macula saccule

crista ampullaris

Which term refers to how long a stimulus lasts? Duration Intensity Location Modality

duration

Which term refers specifically to the perception of acceleration? Nociception Proprioception Static equilibrium Dynamic equilibrium

dynamic equilibrium

Which term refers specifically to the perception of acceleration? Nociception Static equilibrium Dynamic equilibrium Proprioception

dynamic equilibrium

Which fluid fills the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear? Aqueous humor Perilymph Vitreous humor Endolymph

endolymph

Which term refers to coordination, balance, and orientation in three-dimensional space? Nociception Nystagmus Equilibrium Olfaction

equilibrium

Which term refers to coordination, balance, and orientation in three-dimensional space? Equilibrium Nociception Olfaction Nystagmus

equillibrium

True or false: All sensory signals are consciously perceived. True False

false

Which type of lingual papillae contain about three taste buds per papillae? Filiform papillae Vallate papillae Fungiform papillae Foliate papillae

fungiform

Which type of lingual papillae contain about three taste buds per papillae? Vallate papillae Filiform papillae Foliate papillae Fungiform papillae

fungiform

Which type of lingual papillae are most concentrated at the tip and sides of the tongue? Filiform papillae Vallate papillae Fungiform papillae Foliate papillae

fungiform papillae

Which type of lingual papillae are most concentrated at the tip and sides of the tongue? Fungiform papillae Vallate papillae Foliate papillae Filiform papillae

fungiform papillae

Which act as sensory receptors within the utricle and saccule? Taste buds Otolithic membrane Hair cells Crista ampullaris

hair cells

Higher pitched sounds (more treble) are caused by vibrations with which of the following characteristics? Larger amplitudes Smaller amplitudes Higher frequencies Lower frequencies

higher frequencies

Select all that apply What are the names of the auditory ossicles? Stapes Cochlea Malleus Pinna Incus

incus malleus stapes

The ______ ear consists of the cochlea and the vestibule which are organs important for the senses of hearing and balance. external middle inner

inner

The ______ ear consists of the cochlea and the vestibule which are organs important for the senses of hearing and balance. inner middle external

inner

The visible bumps on the tongue are not taste buds, but instead are called ____________________ papillae.

lingual

Which term refers to the patch of hair cells and supporting cells positioned vertically on the wall of the saccule? Spiral ganglion Macula utriculi Organ of Corti Macula sacculi

macula sacculi

List the ossicles of the middle ear in order, starting with the ossicle closest to the tympanic membrane. incus stapes malleus

malleus incus stapes

Which type of receptor detects touch, pressure, stretch, or vibration? Chemoreceptor Photoreceptor Mechanoreceptor Thermoreceptor Nociceptor

mechanoreceptor

Which type of receptor detects touch, pressure, stretch, or vibration? Thermoreceptor Mechanoreceptor Chemoreceptor Nociceptor Photoreceptor

mechanoreceptor

The bony labyrinth of the inner ear is lined with a series of fleshy tubes called the _______________ labyrinth. Listen to the complete question

membranous

The bony labyrinth of the inner ear is lined with a series of fleshy tubes called the _________________ labyrinth.

membranous

Which section of the ear runs from the tympanic membrane (ear drum) to the oval window of the cochlea? Middle ear Outer ear Inner ear

middle ear

The central pillar of bone within the cochlea of the inner ear is called the _______________________

modiolus

The olfactory _______________ in the nasal cavity contains the olfactory receptors.

mucosa

The olfactory ________________ in the nasal cavity contains the olfactory receptors.

mucosa

The ______ membranes of the maculae sacculi and utriculi are important in sensing gravity and motion. otolithic tympanic cutaneous

otolithic

The ______ membranes of the maculae sacculi and utriculi are important in sensing gravity and motion. tympanic otolithic cutaneous

otolithic

Which membrane is found in the maculae of the saccule and utricle? Tympanic Otolithic Basilar Tectorial

otolithic

While hearing is primarily a function of the inner hair cells, cochlear tuning is a function of the _______________ hair cells.

outer

While hearing is primarily a function of the inner hair cells, cochlear tuning is a function of the ______________________ hair cells.

outer

The beginning of the inner ear is a membrane-covered opening called which of the following? Oval window Auricle Tympanic cavity Internal acoustic meatus

oval window

Which is an opening between the middle ear and the vestibule of the inner ear? Eustachian tube Oval window External acoustic meatus Tragus

oval window

Which is an opening between the middle ear and the vestibule of the inner ear? External acoustic meatus Eustachian tube Oval window Tragus

oval window

Which fluid serves as a cushion between the bony and membranous labyrinths? Vitreous humor Endolymph Perilymph Aqueous humor

perilymph

Which type of receptor responds to light? Thermoreceptor Chemoreceptor Photoreceptor Mechanoreceptor

photoreceptor

The taste hairs of taste cells project into small openings in the epithelium of the tongue where they come into contact with saliva mixed with bits of dissolved food. These small pits are called taste__________________________________

pores

The bending of a tip link protein leads to depolarization of the hair cell by allowing _______________ ions to diffuse across the membrane into the cell.

potassium

The bending of a tip link protein leads to depolarization of the hair cell by allowing_____________________ions to diffuse across the membrane into the cell.

potassium

Which term refers to the area within which a single sensory neuron is able to detect a stimulus? Primary sensory cortex Labeled line Projection pathway Receptive field

receptive field

The initial effect of a stimulus on a sensory receptor is a small, local change in membrane potential called a(n) _______________ potential.

receptor

Which term refers to any structure specialized to detect a stimulus? Nerve Modality Sense organ Receptor

receptor

Which type of stimulus will maximally activate the sensory receptors within the semicircular ducts? Linear acceleration Rotational motion Vibration Tastants

rotational motion

Select all that apply Which cochlear chambers contain perilymph? Scala tympani Scala vestibuli Scala media

scala tympani scala vestibuli

The ______ ducts of the inner ear are specialized to detect rotational head movements (angular acceleration). semicircular apical cochlear tubular

semicircular

The ______ ducts of the inner ear are specialized to detect rotational head movements (angular acceleration). tubular apical semicircular cochlear

semicircular

Which term refers to the conscious perception of a stimulus? Sensory modality Sensation Transduction Receptor potential

sensation

What is olfaction? Sense of taste Sense of smell Sense of hearing Sense of pain

sense of smell

What is gustation? Sense of smell Process of chewing Process of swallowing Sense of taste

sense of taste

A structure composed of nervous tissue along with other tissues that enhance its response to a certain type of stimulus is called a(n) __________. Multiple Choice sense organ receptor transducer initiator activator

sense organ

Which term refers to sensory receptors accompanied by accessory tissues that facilitate transduction of a stimulus? Labeled line Receptor potential Sense organ Sensory receptor

sense organ

Select all that apply What are the five primary taste sensations? Sour Salty Spicy Umami Pungent Sweet Bitter

sour salty umami sweet bitter

The acoustic organ, also known as the _____________________ organ, transduces airborne vibrations into neural signals.

spiral

Which term refers to the perception of the orientation of the head when the body is stationary? Static equilibrium Linear acceleration Angular acceleration Dynamic equilibrium

static equillibrium

Exteroceptors respond to which of the following? Stimuli from internal organs Stimuli pertaining to the position or movements of body parts Stimuli external to the body Stimuli that produce feelings of nausea

stimuli external to the body

The auditory canal is a passageway through which bone? Frontal Maxilla Zygomatic Temporal

temporal

Which cranial bone contains the bony labyrinth? Maxilla Sphenoid Temporal Ethmoid Parietal

temporal

The olfactory ______ carry sensory information from the olfactory bulbs to the primary olfactory cortex. cells nerves tracts mucosa

tracts

The olfactory ______ carry sensory information from the olfactory bulbs to the primary olfactory cortex. cells tracts mucosa nerves

tracts

The scala _____________ is the most inferior chamber of the spiral organ.

tympani

The five primary taste sensations are: salty, sweet, sour, bitter, and _____________________

umami

Where are the olfactory tracts located? Within the brainstem Posterior to the insula Within frontal lobe Underneath the frontal lobe

underneath the frontal lobe

Where are the olfactory tracts located? Within the brainstem Underneath the frontal lobe Within frontal lobe Posterior to the insula

underneath the frontal lobe

Where is the olfactory mucosa located? Posterior half of the soft palate Upper region of the nasal cavity Superior surface of the tongue Lining the paranasal sinuses

upper region of the nasal cavity

Where is the olfactory mucosa located? Superior surface of the tongue Upper region of the nasal cavity Lining the paranasal sinuses Posterior half of the soft palate

upper region of the nasal cavity

Where is the olfactory mucosa located? Superior surface of the tongue Upper region of the nasal cavity Posterior half of the soft palate Lining the paranasal sinuses

upper region of the nasal cavity

Together, the utricle, saccule, and semicircular ducts comprise which of the following? Ossicles Pinna Vestibular apparatus Bony labyrinth

vestibular apparatus

Sound is produced by which of the following? Electrical currents moving through the air Vibrating objects pushing against air molecules Light bouncing off an object in the environment The emission of thermal radiation

vibrating objects pushing against air molecules

Select all that apply Which sensations result from activation of interoceptors? Visceral pain Hearing Bladder pressure Pain in the skin Vision

visceral pain bladder pressure