Chapter 16
What is the primary function of the tympanic membrane? To equalize air pressure in the tympanic cavity To transduce airborne vibrations into neural signals To transmit sound vibrations to the auditory ossicles To block bacteria from entering the inner ear
To transmit sound vibrations to the auditory ossicles
During hearing, which of the following is the first to vibrate? Multiple Choice Basilar membrane Tympanic membrane Hair cells of spiral organ Oval window Stapes
Tympanic membrane
True or false: Lower firing rates of inner hair cells in narrower bands of the cochlea will be interpret by the brain as a softer sound. True False
True
True or false: The macula utriculi are oriented horizontally on the floor of the utricle. True False
True
Olfactory cells are a type of what? Neuron Mucus cell Epithelial cell Respiratory cell
neuron
When olfactory fibers pass through the roof of the nose, they directly enter the ______. brainstem olfactory tracts cerebrum olfactory bulbs
olfactory bulbs
When olfactory fibers pass through the roof of the nose, they directly enter the ______. cerebrum brainstem olfactory bulbs olfactory tracts
olfactory bulbs
When olfactory fibers pass through the roof of the nose, they directly enter the ______. olfactory bulbs cerebrum brainstem olfactory tracts
olfactory bulbs
Which term refers to the area within which a single sensory neuron is able to detect a stimulus? Projection pathway Receptive field Labeled line Primary sensory cortex
Receptive Field
Which term refers to any structure specialized to detect a stimulus? Sense organ Nerve Receptor Modality
Receptor
Which term refers to any structure specialized to detect a stimulus? Sense organ Receptor Modality Nerve
Receptor
Which term refers to a local, stimulus-induced change in the membrane potential of a receptor cell? Sensation Receptor potential Sensory modality Receptive field
Receptor potential
Place the following events in order starting with the vibration of the oval window and ending with the depolarization of hair cells. K+ ions enter the hair cell causing depolarization Inner hair cells are pushed against the tectorial membrane Basilar membrane moves up and down Oval window vibrates Pressure wave travels through the perilymph of the scala vestibuli Sterocilia bend and tip-link proteins open K+ channels
1) Oval window vibrates 2) Pressure wave travels through the perilymph of the scala vestibuli 3) Basilar membrane moves up and down 4) Inner hair cells are pushed against tectorial membrane 5) Stereocilia bend and tip-link proteins open K+ channels 6) K+ ions enter hair cell causing depolarization
List the steps (in order) involved in detecting a change in static equilibrium Shift of the otolithic membrane Tilt of the head Bending of the stereocilia Depolarization of hair cells
1) Tilt of the head 2) Shift of the otolithic membrane 3) Bending of stereocilia 4) Depolarization of hair cells
What is the cupula? A gelatinous cap surrounding the stereocilia and kinocilium of the hair cells A patch of hair cells located on the wall of the saccule A mound of hair cells within the ampulla A dilated sac at one end of the semicircular canal
A gelatinous cap surrounding the stereocilia and kinocilium of the hair cells
What is a receptive field? Area within which a single sensory neuron is able to detect a stimulus The region of the cerebral cortex that first receives a particular type of sensory signal Site where axons in a projection pathway cross to the opposite side of the brain Location of signal integration in the thalamus
Area within which a single sensory neuron is able to detect a stimulus
Which is located in the middle ear? Auricle Reason: The auricle is part of the outer ear. External acoustic meatus Reason: The external acoustic meatus is part of the outer ear. Cochlea Reason: The cochlea is part of the inner ear. Auditory ossicles
Auditory ossicles
Select all that apply Which sensory modalities are mediated by inner ear structures? Gustation Balance Hearing Pressure Olfaction
Balance Hearing
Which cells of a taste bud are stem cells that multiply and replace taste cells that have died? Basal cells Taste hairs Taste cells Supporting cells
Basal Cells
The cochlea detects differences in the pitch of sound because different frequencies vibrate different areas along which of the following? Basilar membrane Tectorial membrane Tympanic membrane Auditory canal
Basilar Membrane
The cochlea detects differences in the pitch of sound because different frequencies vibrate different areas along which of the following? Tectorial membrane Tympanic membrane Auditory canal Basilar membrane
Basilar membrane
Which term refers to the comparison of signals from both the right and left ears to localize the source of a sound? Hemidecussation Optic chiasm Binaural hearing Stereopsis
Binaural hearing
Which of the following are examples of the kind of information obtained from sensory receptors? Check all that apply. Bitter Brightness of light Membrane potential Duration of an instrumental note Placement of an item in your left vs. right hand
Bitter Brightness of light Duration of an instrumental note Placement of an item in your left vs. right hand
Select all that apply Which sensations result from activation of interoceptors? Vision Hearing Pain in the skin Bladder pressure Visceral pain
Bladder Pressure Visceral Pain
What are olfactory hairs? Small, spiky projections that cover the tongue Cilia on olfactory cells that have receptors for odor molecules Stiff hairs that line the anterior nasal passages Small bundles of olfactory cell axons that come together to form the olfactory nerve
Cilia on olfactory cells that have receptors for odor molecules
The axons of bipolar sensory neurons leave the spiral organ to form which nerve? Vestibular Cochlear Hypoglossal Abducens
Cochlear
Describe the function of the spiral organ. Transmits sound vibrations to the tympanic membrane Converts sound vibrations into nerve impulses Muffles the vibrations of the tympanic membrane Senses the orientation of the head
Converts sound vibrations into nerve impulses
Describe the function of the spiral organ. Transmits sound vibrations to the tympanic membrane Senses the orientation of the head Converts sound vibrations into nerve impulses Muffles the vibrations of the tympanic membrane
Converts sound vibrations into nerve impulses
Which term refers to the gelatinous cap surrounding the stereocilia and kinocilium of the hair cells within the ampullae of the semicircular ducts? Cupula Saccule Macula Crista
Cupula
Which term refers to the gelatinous cap surrounding the stereocilia and kinocilium of the hair cells within the ampullae of the semicircular ducts? Saccule Macula Cupula Crista
Cupula
What occurs when outer hair cells of the spiral organ are stimulated by motor neurons from the pons? Increased mobility of the basilar membrane Decreased mobility of the basilar membrane Increased mobility of the vestibular membrane Decreased mobility of the vestibular membrane
Decreased mobility of the basilar membrane
What occurs when outer hair cells of the spiral organ are stimulated by motor neurons from the pons? Increased mobility of the vestibular membrane Decreased mobility of the vestibular membrane Increased mobility of the basilar membrane Decreased mobility of the basilar membrane
Decreased mobility of the basilar membrane
Which term refers specifically to the perception of acceleration? Nociception Dynamic equilibrium Proprioception Static equilibrium
Dynamic equilibrium
The vestibule contains receptors for which sensory modality? Audition (hearing) Olfaction (smell) Vision (sight) Gustation (taste) Equilibrium (balance)
Equilibrium (balance)
The middle ear has four bones. True or False
False
True or false: All sensory signals are consciously perceived. True False
False
True or false: Sensory receptors are composed of sensory organs. True False
False
Which type of lingual papillae is most abundant? Foliate papillae Vallate papillae Filiform papillae Fungiform papillae
Filiform Papillae
Which type of lingual papillae is responsible for giving cats' tongues their rough, sandpaper-like feel? Filiform papillae Fungiform papillae Foliate papillae Vallate papillae
Filiform Papillae
Which type of lingual papillae is responsible for giving cats' tongues their rough, sandpaper-like feel? Foliate papillae Vallate papillae Fungiform papillae Filiform papillae
Filiform Papillae
Which type of lingual papillae do not contain taste buds? Filiform papillae Foliate papillae Fungiform papillae Vallate papillae
Filiform papillae
Which type of lingual papillae is most abundant? Filiform papillae Vallate papillae Fungiform papillae Foliate papillae
Filiform papillae
Which type of lingual papillae are weakly developed in humans and lose most of their taste buds by age 2 or 3 years? Foliate papillae Filiform papillae Vallate papillae Fungiform papillae
Foliate Papillae
Which type of lingual papillae form parallel ridges on the sides of the tongue? Filiform papillae Foliate papillae Vallate papillae Fungiform papillae
Foliate Papillae
The pitch of a sound is determined by which aspect of the vibration producing it? Frequency Loudness Intensity Amplitude
Frequency
Which type of lingual papillae contain about three taste buds per papillae? Foliate papillae Fungiform papillae Vallate papillae Filiform papillae
Fungiform papillae
Which term refers to the sensation of taste? Proprioception Nociception Olfaction Gustation
Gustation
Which act as sensory receptors within the utricle and saccule? Taste buds Hair cells Crista ampullaris Otolithic membrane
Hair cells
Which act as sensory receptors within the utricle and saccule? Taste buds Hair cells Otolithic membrane Crista ampullaris
Hair cells
The cochlea contains receptors for which sense? Olfaction Equilibrium Hearing Vision
Hearing
Select all that apply Which sensory modalities are mediated by inner ear structures? Hearing Gustation Olfaction Pressure Balance
Hearing Balance
Select all that apply Which types of sensation depend on the activation of mechanoreceptors? Hearing Vibration Balance Cold Touch Vision
Hearing Vibration Balance Touch
Select all that apply Cerumen does which of the following? Inhibits bacterial growth Waterproofs the ear canal Keeps the tympanic membrane pliable Amplifies vibrations entering the ear canal
Inhibits bacterial growth Waterproofs the ear canal Keeps the tympanic membrane pliable
The visible bumps on the tongue are not taste buds, but instead are called ___________________ papillae.
Lingual
The central pillar of bone within the cochlea of the inner ear is called the _______________________
MODIOLUS
Which term refers to patches of sensory epithelium within the utricle and saccule? Lingual papillae Olfactory epithelium Semicircular canals Maculae Crista ampullaris
Maculae
Which term refers to patches of sensory epithelium within the utricle and saccule? Maculae Crista ampullaris Semicircular canals Olfactory epithelium Lingual papillae
Maculae
Select all that apply What are the names of the auditory ossicles? Malleus Incus Cochlea Pinna Stapes
Malleus Incus Stapes
Which term refers to the type of stimulus or sensation produced when a sensory receptor is activated? Modality Threshold Format Effector
Modality
Which term refers to the central pillar of spongy bone which supports the cochlea of the inner ear? Modiolus Saccule Vestibule Utricle
Modiolus
Which term refers to the central pillar of spongy bone which supports the cochlea of the inner ear? Utricle Vestibule Saccule Modiolus
Modiolus
Select all that apply Which is associated with a louder sound? More vigorous vibration of the basilar membrane Higher firing frequency of axons in the cochlear nerve IHCs activated in a narrower band of the cochlea Greater number of hair cells excited
More vigorous vibration of the basilar membrane Higher firing frequency of axons in the cochlear nerve Greater number of hair cells excited
Select all that apply Equilibrium refers to perception of which of the following? Choose three of the options below. Orientation in space Hearing Coordination Balance Perception of time
Orientation in space Coordination Balance
Select all that apply Equilibrium refers to perception of which of the following? Choose three of the options below. Perception of time Orientation in space Coordination Hearing Balance
Orientation in space Coordination Balance
Which membrane is found in the maculae of the saccule and utricle? Tympanic Basilar Otolithic Tectorial
Otolithic
While hearing is primarily a function of the inner hair cells, cochlear tuning is a function of the _______________ hair cells.
Outer
Which of the following are types of photoreceptor cells? Check All That Apply Rods Cones Amacrine cells Bipolar cells Horizonal cells
Rods Cones
Which of the following is a true statement regarding photoreceptors? Check all that apply. Rods are responsible for night vision. Rods are associated with photopic vision. Cones are associated with color vision There are more cones than rods. Cones function in brighter light.
Rods are responsible for night vision Cones are associated with color vision Cones function in brighter light
Select all that apply Maculae are found in which parts of the inner ear? Select two answers from the list below. Saccule Scala tympani Utricle Cochlea
Saccule Utricle
Which cochlear chamber is the most superior? Scala media Scala vestibuli Scala tympani
Scala Vestibuli
What are the components of the vestibular apparatus? Choose three answers from the list below. Cochlea Semicircular ducts Spiral organ Utricle Saccule
Semicircular ducts Utricle Saccule
Which of the following statements are true regarding olfaction? Check All That Apply Smell is a chemical sense. Odorant molecules dissolve in mucus before stimulating a receptor. Humans can only distinguish up to 200 odors. Olfactory receptors have hairs on the apical surface that respond to stimuli. When olfactory receptors are stimulated, the response is referred to as "gustation."
Smell is a chemical sense Odorant molecules dissolve in mucus before stimulating a receptor Olfactory receptors have hairs on the apical surface that respond to stimuli
Which term refers to any audible vibration of molecules? Vision Olfaction Sound Gustation
Sound
The cochlear nerve is formed by the axons of which of the following? Inner hair cells Spiral ganglion neurons Mitral cells Outer hair cells
Spiral ganglion neurons
Which term refers to the perception of the orientation of the head when the body is stationary? Linear acceleration Angular acceleration Static equilibrium Dynamic equilibrium
Static equilibrium
Exteroceptors respond to which of the following? Stimuli from internal organs Stimuli pertaining to the position or movements of body parts Stimuli that produce feelings of nausea Stimuli external to the body
Stimuli external to the body
Which of the following plays the largest role in binaural hearing? Superior olivary nuclei of the pons Cochlear nuclei of the medulla Inferior colliculus Spiral ganglia of the cochlea
Superior olivary nuclei of the pons
Which of the following plays the largest role in binaural hearing? Superior olivary nuclei of the pons Spiral ganglia of the cochlea Cochlear nuclei of the medulla Inferior colliculus
Superior olivary nuclei of the pons
Select all that apply Which sensory modalities depend on the activation of chemoreceptors? Taste Hearing Smell Vision
Taste Smell
Which of the following statements are true regarding gustation? Check All That Apply Taste is chemical sense. It's easier to taste with a dry tongue. Humans are more sensitive to taste than to smell. When gustatory hairs are stimulated, a receptor potential is created. All of the primary tastes can be detected throughout the tongue.
Taste is a Chemical sense When gustatory hairs are stimulated, a receptor potential is created All of the primary tastses can be detected throughout the tongue
Which cranial bone contains the bony labyrinth? Ethmoid Maxilla Sphenoid Temporal Parietal
Temporal
Which cranial bone contains the bony labyrinth? Temporal Ethmoid Parietal Maxilla Sphenoid
Temporal
Relative to high frequency vibrations, lower frequency vibrations cause which of the following? The basilar membrane to vibrate more vigorously along its entire length The basilar membrane to vibrate less vigorously along its entire length The proximal end of the basilar membrane to vibrate more than the distal end The distal end of the basilar membrane to vibrate more than the proximal end
The distal end of the basilar membrane to vibrate more than the proximal end
Relative to high frequency vibrations, lower frequency vibrations cause which of the following? The distal end of the basilar membrane to vibrate more than the proximal end The basilar membrane to vibrate more vigorously along its entire length The basilar membrane to vibrate less vigorously along its entire length The proximal end of the basilar membrane to vibrate more than the distal end
The distal end of the basilar membrane to vibrate more than the proximal end
Binaural hearing allows you to compare the signals coming from the right and left ears in order to determine which of the following? The pitch of a sound The loudness of a sound The frequency of vibration The location of the sound's source
The location of the sound's source
Which type of receptor is specialized to respond to hot and cold stimuli? Thermoreceptor Chemoreceptor Nociceptor Photoreceptor Mechanoreceptor
Thermoreceptor
What types of stimuli activate nociceptors? Tissue damage, potentially damaging stimuli Warm temperatures Odors and tastes Vibration, touch, pressure, stretch, or tension
Tissue damage, potentially damaging stimuli
What is the primary function of a sensory receptor? Amplification Propagation Perception Transduction
Transduction
What is the primary function of a sensory receptor? Transduction Propagation Amplification Perception
Transduction
__________________is the conversion of one form of energy to another. In biology, it is used to describe the conversion of stimulus energy into an electrical signal in the nervous system. Perception Transduction Transformation Sensation
Transduction
What is the function of the middle ear? Transmit sound waves to the outer ear Transmit sound waves to the inner ear Convert nerve signals to vibrations Convert vibration to nerve signals
Transmit sound waves to the inner ear
What is the primary function of the outer ear? Transmitting sound vibrations to the tympanic membrane Equalizing air pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane Transducing vibrations into neural signals Monitoring motion and body position
Transmitting sound vibrations to the tympanic membrane
Short wavelengths from high pitched sounds cause displacement of the basilar membrane near the oval window. True or False
True
Which structure transmits sound vibrations to the auditory ossicles? Incus Pharyngotympanic tube Tympanic membrane Cochlea
Tympanic membrane
Select all that apply Name the two chambers of the vestibule. Semicircular ducts Utricle Saccule Cochlea
Utricle Saccule
Select all that apply What are the components of the vestibular apparatus? Choose three answers from the list below. Utricle Spiral organ Saccule Semicircular ducts Cochlea
Utricle Saccule Semicircular Ducts
Which type of lingual papillae contain up to half of all taste buds and are arranged in a V towards the rear of the tongue? Filiform papillae Vallate papillae Fungiform papillae Foliate papillae
Vallate Papillae
Together, the utricle, saccule, and semicircular ducts comprise which of the following? Vestibular apparatus Bony labyrinth Pinna Ossicles
Vestibular apparatus
Select all that apply Which types of sensation depend on the activation of mechanoreceptors? Vibration Vision Hearing Cold Balance Touch
Vibration Hearing Balance Touch
Which are examples of sensory modality? Vision Phasic Taste Tonic Hearing
Vision Taste Hearing
A B C
Which of the structures shown here contain receptor hair cells (macula or crista ampullaris) of equilibrium? A E D B C
A B C
Which of the structures shown here contain receptor hair cells (macula or crista ampullaris) of equilibrium? C A D B E
Select all that apply What information does the brain use to determine the intensity of a stimulus? Which sensory neurons respond How rapidly the sensory neurons fire How long the stimulus lasts How many sensory neurons respond Which receptive fields are stimulated
Which sensory neurons respond How rapidly the sensory neurons fire How many sensory neurons respond
E
Which structure in this figure contains the sense organ for hearing?
The ____________________ tube is a flattened tube which, when opened by actions such as yawning or swallowing, equalizes pressure in the
auditory
The ____________________ tube is a flattened tube which, when opened by actions such as yawning or swallowing, equalizes pressure in the tympanic cavity.
auditory
Which is also known as the external acoustic meatus? Pharyngotympanic tube Auditory canal Eustachian tube Tympanic cavity
auditory canal
Infections of the throat may be transmitted to the middle ear via which of the following? Auditory canal Auditory tube Cochlea Vestibule
auditory tube
Infections of the throat may be transmitted to the middle ear via which of the following? Auditory tube Cochlea Auditory canal Vestibule
auditory tube
Which cells of a taste bud are stem cells that multiply and replace taste cells that have died? Taste cells Taste hairs Supporting cells Basal cells
basal cells
Ear ossicles are tiny ______. membranes hairs cartilages bones
bones
The taste_______________are found mainly on the lingual papillae and contain the sensory receptors for taste.
buds
Earwax, also called _________________, is a protective, sticky secretion of ear canal glands. It waterproofs the ear canal and inhibits bacterial growth.
cerumen
The axons of bipolar sensory neurons leave the spiral organ to form which nerve? Cochlear Abducens Hypoglossal Vestibular
cochlear
The __________________ ampullaris is a mound of hair cells and supporting cells within the ampulla of a semicircular canal.
crista
The _______________________ ampullaris is a mound of hair cells and supporting cells within the ampulla of a semicircular canal.
crista
Which term refers to the mound of hair cells and supporting cells within the ampullae of the semicircular ducts? Cupula Macula saccule Macula utriculi Crista ampullaris
crista ampullaris
Which term refers to the mound of hair cells and supporting cells within the ampullae of the semicircular ducts? Macula utriculi Cupula Crista ampullaris Macula saccule
crista ampullaris
Which term refers to how long a stimulus lasts? Duration Intensity Location Modality
duration
Which term refers specifically to the perception of acceleration? Nociception Proprioception Static equilibrium Dynamic equilibrium
dynamic equilibrium
Which term refers specifically to the perception of acceleration? Nociception Static equilibrium Dynamic equilibrium Proprioception
dynamic equilibrium
Which fluid fills the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear? Aqueous humor Perilymph Vitreous humor Endolymph
endolymph
Which term refers to coordination, balance, and orientation in three-dimensional space? Nociception Nystagmus Equilibrium Olfaction
equilibrium
Which term refers to coordination, balance, and orientation in three-dimensional space? Equilibrium Nociception Olfaction Nystagmus
equillibrium
True or false: All sensory signals are consciously perceived. True False
false
Which type of lingual papillae contain about three taste buds per papillae? Filiform papillae Vallate papillae Fungiform papillae Foliate papillae
fungiform
Which type of lingual papillae contain about three taste buds per papillae? Vallate papillae Filiform papillae Foliate papillae Fungiform papillae
fungiform
Which type of lingual papillae are most concentrated at the tip and sides of the tongue? Filiform papillae Vallate papillae Fungiform papillae Foliate papillae
fungiform papillae
Which type of lingual papillae are most concentrated at the tip and sides of the tongue? Fungiform papillae Vallate papillae Foliate papillae Filiform papillae
fungiform papillae
Which act as sensory receptors within the utricle and saccule? Taste buds Otolithic membrane Hair cells Crista ampullaris
hair cells
Higher pitched sounds (more treble) are caused by vibrations with which of the following characteristics? Larger amplitudes Smaller amplitudes Higher frequencies Lower frequencies
higher frequencies
Select all that apply What are the names of the auditory ossicles? Stapes Cochlea Malleus Pinna Incus
incus malleus stapes
The ______ ear consists of the cochlea and the vestibule which are organs important for the senses of hearing and balance. external middle inner
inner
The ______ ear consists of the cochlea and the vestibule which are organs important for the senses of hearing and balance. inner middle external
inner
The visible bumps on the tongue are not taste buds, but instead are called ____________________ papillae.
lingual
Which term refers to the patch of hair cells and supporting cells positioned vertically on the wall of the saccule? Spiral ganglion Macula utriculi Organ of Corti Macula sacculi
macula sacculi
List the ossicles of the middle ear in order, starting with the ossicle closest to the tympanic membrane. incus stapes malleus
malleus incus stapes
Which type of receptor detects touch, pressure, stretch, or vibration? Chemoreceptor Photoreceptor Mechanoreceptor Thermoreceptor Nociceptor
mechanoreceptor
Which type of receptor detects touch, pressure, stretch, or vibration? Thermoreceptor Mechanoreceptor Chemoreceptor Nociceptor Photoreceptor
mechanoreceptor
The bony labyrinth of the inner ear is lined with a series of fleshy tubes called the _______________ labyrinth. Listen to the complete question
membranous
The bony labyrinth of the inner ear is lined with a series of fleshy tubes called the _________________ labyrinth.
membranous
Which section of the ear runs from the tympanic membrane (ear drum) to the oval window of the cochlea? Middle ear Outer ear Inner ear
middle ear
The central pillar of bone within the cochlea of the inner ear is called the _______________________
modiolus
The olfactory _______________ in the nasal cavity contains the olfactory receptors.
mucosa
The olfactory ________________ in the nasal cavity contains the olfactory receptors.
mucosa
The ______ membranes of the maculae sacculi and utriculi are important in sensing gravity and motion. otolithic tympanic cutaneous
otolithic
The ______ membranes of the maculae sacculi and utriculi are important in sensing gravity and motion. tympanic otolithic cutaneous
otolithic
Which membrane is found in the maculae of the saccule and utricle? Tympanic Otolithic Basilar Tectorial
otolithic
While hearing is primarily a function of the inner hair cells, cochlear tuning is a function of the _______________ hair cells.
outer
While hearing is primarily a function of the inner hair cells, cochlear tuning is a function of the ______________________ hair cells.
outer
The beginning of the inner ear is a membrane-covered opening called which of the following? Oval window Auricle Tympanic cavity Internal acoustic meatus
oval window
Which is an opening between the middle ear and the vestibule of the inner ear? Eustachian tube Oval window External acoustic meatus Tragus
oval window
Which is an opening between the middle ear and the vestibule of the inner ear? External acoustic meatus Eustachian tube Oval window Tragus
oval window
Which fluid serves as a cushion between the bony and membranous labyrinths? Vitreous humor Endolymph Perilymph Aqueous humor
perilymph
Which type of receptor responds to light? Thermoreceptor Chemoreceptor Photoreceptor Mechanoreceptor
photoreceptor
The taste hairs of taste cells project into small openings in the epithelium of the tongue where they come into contact with saliva mixed with bits of dissolved food. These small pits are called taste__________________________________
pores
The bending of a tip link protein leads to depolarization of the hair cell by allowing _______________ ions to diffuse across the membrane into the cell.
potassium
The bending of a tip link protein leads to depolarization of the hair cell by allowing_____________________ions to diffuse across the membrane into the cell.
potassium
Which term refers to the area within which a single sensory neuron is able to detect a stimulus? Primary sensory cortex Labeled line Projection pathway Receptive field
receptive field
The initial effect of a stimulus on a sensory receptor is a small, local change in membrane potential called a(n) _______________ potential.
receptor
Which term refers to any structure specialized to detect a stimulus? Nerve Modality Sense organ Receptor
receptor
Which type of stimulus will maximally activate the sensory receptors within the semicircular ducts? Linear acceleration Rotational motion Vibration Tastants
rotational motion
Select all that apply Which cochlear chambers contain perilymph? Scala tympani Scala vestibuli Scala media
scala tympani scala vestibuli
The ______ ducts of the inner ear are specialized to detect rotational head movements (angular acceleration). semicircular apical cochlear tubular
semicircular
The ______ ducts of the inner ear are specialized to detect rotational head movements (angular acceleration). tubular apical semicircular cochlear
semicircular
Which term refers to the conscious perception of a stimulus? Sensory modality Sensation Transduction Receptor potential
sensation
What is olfaction? Sense of taste Sense of smell Sense of hearing Sense of pain
sense of smell
What is gustation? Sense of smell Process of chewing Process of swallowing Sense of taste
sense of taste
A structure composed of nervous tissue along with other tissues that enhance its response to a certain type of stimulus is called a(n) __________. Multiple Choice sense organ receptor transducer initiator activator
sense organ
Which term refers to sensory receptors accompanied by accessory tissues that facilitate transduction of a stimulus? Labeled line Receptor potential Sense organ Sensory receptor
sense organ
Select all that apply What are the five primary taste sensations? Sour Salty Spicy Umami Pungent Sweet Bitter
sour salty umami sweet bitter
The acoustic organ, also known as the _____________________ organ, transduces airborne vibrations into neural signals.
spiral
Which term refers to the perception of the orientation of the head when the body is stationary? Static equilibrium Linear acceleration Angular acceleration Dynamic equilibrium
static equillibrium
Exteroceptors respond to which of the following? Stimuli from internal organs Stimuli pertaining to the position or movements of body parts Stimuli external to the body Stimuli that produce feelings of nausea
stimuli external to the body
The auditory canal is a passageway through which bone? Frontal Maxilla Zygomatic Temporal
temporal
Which cranial bone contains the bony labyrinth? Maxilla Sphenoid Temporal Ethmoid Parietal
temporal
The olfactory ______ carry sensory information from the olfactory bulbs to the primary olfactory cortex. cells nerves tracts mucosa
tracts
The olfactory ______ carry sensory information from the olfactory bulbs to the primary olfactory cortex. cells tracts mucosa nerves
tracts
The scala _____________ is the most inferior chamber of the spiral organ.
tympani
The five primary taste sensations are: salty, sweet, sour, bitter, and _____________________
umami
Where are the olfactory tracts located? Within the brainstem Posterior to the insula Within frontal lobe Underneath the frontal lobe
underneath the frontal lobe
Where are the olfactory tracts located? Within the brainstem Underneath the frontal lobe Within frontal lobe Posterior to the insula
underneath the frontal lobe
Where is the olfactory mucosa located? Posterior half of the soft palate Upper region of the nasal cavity Superior surface of the tongue Lining the paranasal sinuses
upper region of the nasal cavity
Where is the olfactory mucosa located? Superior surface of the tongue Upper region of the nasal cavity Lining the paranasal sinuses Posterior half of the soft palate
upper region of the nasal cavity
Where is the olfactory mucosa located? Superior surface of the tongue Upper region of the nasal cavity Posterior half of the soft palate Lining the paranasal sinuses
upper region of the nasal cavity
Together, the utricle, saccule, and semicircular ducts comprise which of the following? Ossicles Pinna Vestibular apparatus Bony labyrinth
vestibular apparatus
Sound is produced by which of the following? Electrical currents moving through the air Vibrating objects pushing against air molecules Light bouncing off an object in the environment The emission of thermal radiation
vibrating objects pushing against air molecules
Select all that apply Which sensations result from activation of interoceptors? Visceral pain Hearing Bladder pressure Pain in the skin Vision
visceral pain bladder pressure
