Chapter 16

Global positioning system (GPS)

- A satellite-based navigation system providing extremely accurate position, time and speed information. Can locate a GPS receiver within 5-50 ft of accuracy using time to receiver from 3-4 satellites in different locations. - GPS applications are in every kind of company vehicle these days—from police cars to bulldozers to dump trucks.

Wireless WAN (WWAN)

- A wide area network that uses radio signals to transmit and receive data. WWAN technologies can be divided into: cellular & satellite communication systems. - Cell phones work by using radio waves to communicate with radio antennas (or towers) - A telephone message is transmitted to the local cell by the cellular telephone and then is passed from antenna to antenna, or cell to cell.

Mobile application management (MAM)

- Delivers applications to corporate and personal smartphones and tablets. - Manage corporate mobile apps remotely.

Uses of GIS

- Finding nearby venues: stadiums, restaurants etc. - Routing information - directions, map, instructions - Sending information alerts (traffic jams) - Mapping densities -police requirements in high crime areas - Mapping quantities - density of buildings - coffee shops

Mobile device management (MDM)

- Remotely controls smartphones and tablets - Jamf Pro (EMM) enables enforcement of PWs on iOS devices and run policies to turn on FileVault for MacOS. It's Apple security enables full disk encryption and drive wiping remotely through Find My Mac.

Automatic vehicle location (AVL

- Uses GPS tracking to track vehicles. - Emergency response systems use GPS to track each of their vehicles and so dispatch those closest to the scene of an accident.

Asset tracking

- company places active or semi-passive RFID tags on expensive products or assets to gather data on the items' location. Useful for tracking railway cars & trucks. - Asset tracking allows a company to focus on its supply chain, reduce theft, identify the last known user of assets, and automate maintenance routines.

Passive RFID tags

- contains transmitter but no power source; inexpensive; derives power from RFID reader (track inexpensive supplies; range <30 ft; 10c - $10) - EG:SCM; access tracking; library books or clothing

Cell Phone Generations

1G: Original analog cell phone network Speed: 9.6 Kbps 2G-2.5G: Digital cell phone service; Speed: 10-144 Kbps 3G-3.5G: Broadband Internet services over cellular network Speed: 144 Kbps-11Mbps 4G: Very high speed access, anywhere, anytime, to anything digital - audio, video and text. Speed: 2-300 Mbps

WiMAX:Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access

A communications technology aimed at providing high-speed wireless data over MANs.

RFID accelerometer

A device that measures the acceleration (the rate of change of velocity) of an item and is used to track truck speeds or taxi cab speeds

Wireless LAN (WLAN)

A local area network that uses radio signals to transmit and receive data over distances of a few hundred feet.

Streaming

A method of sending audio and video files over the Internet

WMAN: Wireless MAN

A metropolitan area network that uses radio signals to transmit and receive data (not successful in the US due to lack of availability)

Satellite

A space station that orbits the Earth receiving and transmitting signals from Earth-based stations over a wide area Data transmission speeds range: 2.4 Kbps to 2 Mbps

RFID reader (RFID interrogator)

A transmitter/receiver that reads the contents of RFID tags in the area

RFID tag

An electronic identification device that is made up of a chip and antenna

Wired equivalent privacy (WEP)

An encryption algorithm designed to protect wireless transmission data. Not very secure

Business Applications of Wireless Networks

Areas experiencing tremendous growth using wireless technologies include

Wireless WAN - Satellite

Conventional satellites operate in geostationary orbit at the same rate as earth's rotation. From earth satellite appears to be stationary Lower-orbit satellites operate closer to earth & pick up weaker signals

Wireless access point (WAP)

Enables devices to connect to a wireless network to communicate with each other

IT Consumerization

Expectations of employees to use same device

Smart phone

Offer more advanced computing ability and connectivity than basic cell phones

Personal area networks (PAN)

Provide communication over a short distance that is intended for use with devices that are owned and operated by a single user Examples: wireless headset/mobile phone; wireless keyboard/mouse and computer; fitbit/cell phone

Increases location and monitoring capability

RFID tags;LBS provide driving directions; locate vehicles

Access point (AP)

The computer or network device that serves an as interface between devices and the network

Semi-passive RFID tag

Uses a battery to run the microchip's circuitry, but communicate by drawing power from the RFID reader

RFID

Uses electronic tags and labels to identify objects wirelessly over short distances

Chipless RFID tag

Uses plastic or conductive polymers instead of silicon-based microchips, allowing them to be washed or exposed to water without damaging the chip

Multiple-in/multiple-out technology (MIMO)

WAPs with MIMO have multiple transmitters and receivers, allowing them to receive greater amounts of data than traditional networking devices.

Bluetooth

Wireless PAN technology that transmits signals over short distances between cell phones, computers, and other devices. Operates at 1 Mbps within 33 ft range or less using radio waves.

Wireless Network

Wireless transmissions rely on radio waves, microwaves, and satellites to send data across high frequency radio ranges that later connect to wired media

Improves work flow

avoids going from paper to computer system; rental car returns

Active RFID tags

contains transmitter and power source (typically a battery). Microchip broadcasts signal to reader. (track expensive assets; range >= 300 ft; $20 - $300)

Provides mobile business opportunities

e-books; mobile banking; mobile payments; mobile shopping

Provides alternative to wiring

easier and cheaper to expand a network and user access

Wireless

gives users a live (Internet) connection via satellite or radio transmitters

Wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi)

means by which portable devices can connect wirelessly to a local area networkusing access points that send and receive data via radio waves. Range: up to 1000' in open areas; 250-400' in closed areas.

Mobile

means the technology can travel with the user, but it is not necessarily in real-time (e-books; email)

WiMAX

operates like Wi-Fi; greater distances; higher frequencies (66 GHz), higher bandwidths (70 Mbps). WiMAX tower station connects to Internet using a high-bandwidthwired connection (e.g. T3 line 44.7 Mbps). Can connect to a second tower (often referred to as a backhaul).

Protecting against theft

power-on passwords; encrypting data files; flash drives (that can be locked remotely via device management tool

WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access)

practice of tagging pavement with codes displaying where Wi-Fi available: including security of network

Provides immediate data access

real time data access; credit card sales at Nordstrom's; inventory managemennt

Line of sight

rooftop antennas can connect up to 30 miles rang

War driving

searching for Wi-Fi signals by driving in a vehicle

Non-line-of-sight

service, where a small antenna on a computer connects to the tower(6 mi range) Non line-of-sight WiMAX uses 2 GHz to 11 GHz frequency (similar to WiFi). Lower-wavelength transmissions are not easily disrupted by obstructions

Geographic information system (GIS)

stores, views and analyzes geographic data creating multidimensional charts and maps (GPS provides foundations for GIS)

3G

third generation broadband service that permits users to surf the web; streamline music; video on demand programming; teleconferencing

Enhance mobility

working independence of location