Chapter 16: Foot, ankle, and lower leg conditions

6. Prolonged pressure against the medial aspect of the first MTP joint that leads to thickening of the medial capsule and bursa and results in a severe valgus deformity of the great toe is referred to as A. Hallus rigidus B. Hallus valgus C. MTP sprain D. Claw toe

B. Hallus valgus

17. An individual reports to the coach with a complaint of localized tenderness over the Achilles tendon that began approximately two weeks earlier, morning stiffness to the area, and pain with active and passive motions involving the Achilles tendon. The coach should A. Assess the condition B. Permit the individual to participate in activities as normal, but encourage the individual to see a physician as soon as possible C. Not permit the individual to participate in activities until being seen by a physician D. Apply ice and compression to the area as well as fit the individual for crutches

C. Not permit the individual to participate in activities until being seen by a physician

5. Inversion and eversion movements occur primarily at the: A. talocrural joint B. intertarsal joints C. tarsometatarsal joints D. subtalar joint

D. subtalar joint

2. The true ankle joint is the A. talocalcaneonavicular joint B. calcaneocuboid joint C. subtalar joint D. talocrural joint

D. talocrural joint

13. In an inversion ankle sprain, the first ligament to tear is the A. Anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) B. Calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) C. Posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL) D. Deltoid ligament

A. Anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL)

23. True or False? Management of a contusion to the gastrocnemius includes the application of cold and placing the muscle in a stretched position. A. True B. False

A. True

24. Because the lateral malleolus extends further down than the medial malleolus, inversion sprains are more common than eversion sprains. A. True B. False

A. True

26. If an acute compartment syndrome is not managed properly, irreversible damage can occur within 12 - 24 hours. A. True B. False

A. True

10. A common mechanism of injury for a turf toe is A. Wearing shoes that don't fit properly B. Jamming the toe into the end of the shoe C. Increase in training D. Severe

B. Jamming the toe into the end of the shoe

3. The ligaments that stabilize the lateral aspect of the ankle include each of the following except the: A. anterior talofibular ligament B. deltoid ligament C. posterior talofibular ligament D. calcaneofibular ligament

B. deltoid ligament

9. The immediate management of a suspected acute compartment syndrome includes I) Application of cold II) Application of a compression wrap III) Elevation of the lower leg IV) Total rest V) Immediate referral to an emergency room VI) Referral to a physician prior to return to activity A. I, II, III, IV, and V B. I, II, III, IV, and VI C. I, IV, and V D. I, IV, and VI

C. I, IV, and V

15. Which of the following is the most common ankle sprain? A. Inversion sprain B. Eversion sprain C. Syndesmosis sprain D. No one ankle sprain is more common than another

A. Inversion sprain

11. The least stable position of the ankle is A. Dorsiflexion B. Plantar flexion C. Inversion D. Eversion

B. Plantar flexion

12. The common mechanism for a lateral ankle sprain is A. Dorsiflexion and inversion B. Dorsiflexion and eversion C. Plantar flexion and inversion D. Plantar flexion and eversion

C. Plantar flexion and inversion

20. Medial tibial stress syndrome is aggravated by: A. passive plantar flexion B. active plantar flexion C. resisted plantar flexion D. active dorsiflexion

C. resisted plantar flexion

25. In an acute compartment syndrome, signs of neurovascular compression will develop after the individual stops exercising. A. True B. False

B. False

1. The _______ is the main body stabilizer during walking or running. A. hallux B. metatarsal arch C. talocrural joint D. subtalar joint

A. Hallux

28. Turf toe is a sprain of the plantar capsular ligament of the first MTP joint. A. True B. False

A. True

30. Stress fractures of the tibia and fibula result from repetitive stress to the leg leading to muscle fatigue. A. True B. False

A. True

7. An excessively high arch that does not flatten during weight bearing is referred to as: A. pes cavus B. pes planus C. plantar fasciitis D. hallus rigidus

A. pes cavus

21. The type of footwear worn for an activity has minimal impact on the prevention of injuries to the foot and ankle. A. True B. False

B. False

27. The mechanism of injury for an acute compartment syndrome is typically related to training errors (e.g., too much activity too soon.) A. True B. False

B. False

29. As stress is applied to the ankle during plantar flexion and inversion, the first ligament to tear is the calcaeofibular ligament. A. True B. False

B. False

14. Which of the following predisposes an individual to eversion ankle sprains? A. pes cavus B. hypermobile feet C. hypomobile feet D. pes planus

B. hypermobile feet

18. Acute rupture of the Achilles tendon is more commonly seen in individuals between the ages of A. 15 to 20 B. 20 to 30 C. 30 to 50 D. Over 50

C. 30 to 50

16. Which of the following is correct? A. An individual who has sustained a grade I inversion ankle sprain will report hearing a "pop" and will be able to bear weight immediately after the injury B. Swelling and ecchymosis are accurate indicators of the severity of an inversion sprain C. An individual who has sustained a grade II inversion ankle sprain will be able to bear some weight, but definitely walks with a limp. D. An individual who has sustained a grade III inversion ankle sprain will report hearing a "pop" and be able to bear some weight, but definitely walks with a limp.

C. An individual who has sustained a grade II inversion ankle sprain will be able to bear some weight, but definitely walks with a limp.

4. Supination is the combination of the movements of: A. calacaneal eversion, foot abduction, dorsiflexion B. calacaneal eversion, foot adduction, plantar flexion C. calacaneal inversion, foot adduction, plantar flexion D. calacaneal inversion, foot abduction, plantar flexion

C. calacaneal inversion, foot adduction, plantar flexion

8. Which of the following is a common injury associated with pes planus? A. peroneal tendonitis B. plantar fasciitis C. metatarsalgia D. medial tibial stress syndrome

D. medial tibial stress syndrome

19. Which of the following statements is true? A. A sign of an Achilles tendon rupture is that the individual hears a "pop" in the posterior ankle. B. An individual with an Achilles tendon rupture will be able to balance on the affected leg. C. A suspected Achilles tendon rupture requires summoning of EMS D. Achilles tendon ruptures typically occur at the musculotendinous junction.

A. A sign of an Achilles tendon rupture is that the individual hears a "pop" in the posterior ankle.