Chapter 16 Review Questions

What three characteristics are shared by higher- order functions?

1. are performed by neurons of the cerebral cortex and involve interactions between areas of the cortex and between the cerebral cortex and other parts of the brain 2. involve both conscious and unconscious info processing 3. subject to modification and adjustment over time

A progressive disorder characterized by the loss of higher- order cerebral function is

Alzheimer's disease

Damage to the hippocampus, a component of the limbic system, leads to

a loss of long- term memory

All preganglionic autonomic fibers release ____ at their synaptic terminals, and the effects are always

acetylcholine

The neurotransmitter at all synapse are neuromuscular or neuroglandular junctions in the parasympathetic division of the ANS is

acetylcholine

Under which of the following circumstances would the diameter of the peripheral blood vessels be greatest?

decreased sympathetic stimulation

A possible side effect of a drug used to open the airways of someone suffering form an asthma attack is

increased blood pressure

What cellular mechanisms identified in animal studies are thought to be involved in memory formation and storage?

increased neurotransmitter release, facilitation of synapses, and the formation of additional synaptic connections are thought to be involved in memory formation and storage

Effects produced by the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system include

increased secretion by digestive glands

The autonomic division of the nervous system directs

processes that maintain homeostasis

The division of the autonomic nervous system that prepares the body for activity and stress is the _____ division.

sympathetic

Dual innervation refers to situations in which

vital organs receive instructions from both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers