Chapter 16 - Review Quiz

There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves, consisting of the following groups; ____ cervical, _______thoracic, ______ lumbar, ___ sacral, and _____coccygeal.

8,12,5,5 and 1

What is a dermatome?

A specific segment of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve

These nuclei are located in the lateral horns and innervate smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands.

Autonomic motor nuclei

After recovering from a gunshot wound to the right shoulder area, a patient had continued difficulty abducting his arm.

Axillary nerve; deltoid

The plexus that travels through the axillary region is the

Brachial

The ulnar nerve is found in which plexus?

Brachial

Match the region of the spinal cord with the number of spinal nerve pairs that are associated with it: Cervical [ Choose ] 5 13 9 6 12 1 14 8 11 15 10 7 Lumbar [ Choose ] 5 13 9 6 12 1 14 8 11 15 10 7 Coccygeal [ Choose ] 5 13 9 6 12 1 14 8 11 15 10 7 Thoracic [ Choose ] 5 13 9 6 12 1 14 8 11 15 10 7

Cervical - 8 Lumbar -5 Coccygeal - 1 Thoracic - 12

What is the correct order for the parts of the spinal cord, from superior to inferior?

Cervical - thoracic - lumbar - sacral - coccygeal

A post-menopausal woman with osteoarthritis of the left hip underwent a total hip replacement. After the surgery, the patient suffered total paralysis of the left quadriceps muscle group and radiating pain along the posterior thigh. It was determined that nerves from the lumbar plexus and the sacral plexus were damaged during the surgery. What two nerves were most likely damaged?

Femoral nerve and sciatic nerve

Which of the following spinal reflexes has the end result of relaxing the muscle?

Golgi tendon reflex

What is the connective tissue wrapping that surrounds bundles (fascicles) of axons?

Perineurium

A patient is complaining of chronic shortness of breath and decreased energy levels. It was determined that a nerve branch of the cervical plexus had been damaged during a recent neck surgery that the patient had undergone. Which nerve was most likely damaged?

Phrenic nerve

Which nerve of the sacral plexuses is the largest and longest nerve in the body?

Sciatic nerve

Match the nuclei in gray matter with an example of their function. 1. Innervate smooth and cardiac muscles 2. Contain interneuron cell bodies 3. Receive pain information from the skin 4. Innervate skeletal muscles 5. Receive stretch information from viscera Options: Sensory nuclei [ Choose ] 5 3 4 1 2 Somatic sensory nuclei [ Choose ] 5 3 4 1 2 Visceral sensory nuclei [ Choose ] 5 3 4 1 2 Somatic motor nuclei [ Choose ] 5 3 4 1 2 Autonomic motor nuclei [ Choose ] 5 3 4 1 2

Sensory nuclei - 2 Somatic sensory nuclei - 3 Visceral sensory nuclei - 5 Somatic motor nuclei - 4 Autonomic motor nuclei - 1

The plexus that supplies the upper limbs is the _________ plexus.

brachial

Which is true of the anterior horns of the spinal cord?

They house cell bodies of somatic motor neurons.

Which of these spinal nerve counts is incorrect?

Thoracic nerves = 8 pairs

A reflex can sometimes involve an interneuron. true or false.

True

A reflex does not involve the frontal lobe. True or False.

True

Which of the following are ways in which white matter in the spinal cord conveys sensory and/or motor information between the body and the brain? Check all that apply. a. Descending tracts conduct motor commands from the brain to the spinal cord. b. Individual tracts contain sensory impulses and motor commands. c. Each tract conducts either sensory impulses or motor commands, but not both. d. Ascending tracts conduct sensory impulses from the spinal cord to the brain. e. Each funiculus region contains either sensory or motor tracts, but not both.

a, c, d

Which of the following statements if FALSE? a. The epidural space in the spine is between the dura and arachnoid mater layers. b. The anterior root contains motor nerve axons which conduct impulses from the spinal cord to the periphery. c. When the spinal nerve branches, the branches are called rami. d. The subdural space is only a potential space. e. The phrenic nerve is part of the cervical plexus.

a. The epidural space in the spine is between the dura and arachnoid mater layers

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? a. The facial nerve is responsible for balance and hearing. b. The trochlear nerve is responsible for movement of the eyeball. c. The olfactory nerve is responsible for smell. d. The glossopharyngeal nerve is responsible for taste, speech and swallowing. e. The optic nerve is responsible for vision.

a. The facial nerve is responsible for balance and hearing.

The meninges are layers of connective tissue that:

are called in order, from superficial to deep; pia mater, arachnoid, and dura mater AND surround the brain and spinal cord

What is the correct order for the events that occur during a reflex? a: Impulse travels through sensory neuron to the CNS b: A stimulus activates a receptor c: Information is processed by interneurons d: Motor neuron transmits impulse to effector e: Effector responds

b, a, c, d, e

Which of the following statements is TRUE? a. The falx cerebelli lies between the 2 cerebral hemispheres b. The dural sinuses flow back into the bloodstream c. The dura mater of the spinal cord is thicker than the dura mater of the cranium. d. The left side of the cerebrum controls muscles on the right side of the body due to the decussation of the colliculi. e. Cranial dura are not attached to cranial bone, the brain just pushes them against the bone.

b. The dural sinuses flow back into the bloodstream

A spinal nerve contains

both motor axons and sensory axons.

Which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Somatic sensory nerves come from the skeletal muscles to the CNS b. Sensory nerves are also called afferent nerves. c. Sensory neurons are found in the anterior root of the spinal cord. d. Most sensory nerves, except olfactory, are sorted in the thalamus before distribution in the cerebrum. e. Sensory nerves are found in all spinal nerves.

c. Sensory neurons are found in the anterior root of the spinal cord.

Which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Spinal nerves split into branches called rami. b. The visual association area is found in the occipital lobe. c. The anterior median fissure of the spinal cord is shallower and narrower than the posterior median sulcus d. One would find CSF in the subarachnoid space. e. A dermatome is a specific segment of skin supplied by a single nerve.

c. The anterior median fissure of the spinal cord is shallower and narrower than the posterior median sulcus

The nerves projecting inferiorly from the spinal cord are collectively called the

cauda equina.

The lateral horns of the spinal cord contain

cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons.

The posterior (dorsal) root ganglion contains

cell bodies of sensory neurons

The plexuses that lie on either side of the neck are the _____ plexuses.

cervical

The spinal cord part with the largest diameter is the ___________ part.

cervical

Which of the following statements is TRUE? a. A full bladder would be an example of something that is both sensory and visceral b. The sciatic nerve is the shortest nerve in our body. c. The deep part of the spinal cord is white matter as is the superficial part of the brain. d. Glial cells are highly excitable cells that conduct nerve impulses in the CNS. e. The autonomic nervous system, ANS, is also known as the somatic motor system.

d. Glial cells are highly excitable cells that conduct nerve impulses in the CNS.

Which of the following is NOT a nerve plexus: a. Sacral plexus b. Lumbar plexus c. Brachial plexus d. Thoracic plexus e. Cervical plexus

d. Thoracic plexus

The ____________ is/are (a) structure(s) that help to anchor the spinal cord and protect it against sudden displacement.

denticulate ligament and filum terminale

The connective tissue wrappings of a nerve, beginning at the outermost layer, are

epineurium → perineurium→ endoneurium.

The nerve responsible for innervation (movement) of the quadriceps femoris muscle is the _____ nerve.

femoral

The thin strand of pia mater that helps to anchor the spinal cord to the coccyx is the

filum terminale.

The spinal cord is partitioned into an inner __________ matter region, and an outer ___________ matter region.

gray; white

The tapered, conical inferior end of the spinal cord is called the conus

medullaris.

The anterior roots contain ____________ axons, while the posterior roots contain _____________ axons.

motor; sensory

White matter is where you would find ___ and gray matter is where you would find ___.

myelinated axons, cell bodies

Adductors of the thigh (the medial thigh) are controlled by the

obturator nerve.

The cell bodies of sensory neurons are located in the

posterior root ganglion

The extensor arm muscles (posterior lower) are innervated by the

radial nerve.

Which sequence best represents the course of a nerve impulse over a reflex arc?

receptor, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, effector

A rapid, automatic, involuntary reaction of muscles or glands to a particular stimulus is a(an)

reflex.

The result of the Golgi Tendon Reflex is to _____________the muscle while the result of the Stretch Reflex is to _______________ the muscle.

relax, contract

The _______ nuclei within the gray matter of the spinal cord send nerve impulses to skeletal muscles.

somatic motor

Nuclei within the gray matter of the spinal cord that receive information from sensory receptors such as pain or pressure receptors in the skin are _____ nuclei.

somatic sensory

Which space associated with the spinal cord meninges contains cerebrospinal fluid?

subarachnoid space

A needle used in a spinal tap to collect CSF must be inserted until its tip is in the

subarachnoid space.

In a lumbar puncture (spinal tap), CSF is extracted from the

subarachnoid space.

The smaller structural units that contain white matter bundles of axons within the CNS are called

tracts

A spinal nerve splits into ___ branches.

two

Stepping on a piece of glass would most likely invoke a _____ reflex.

withdrawal