Chapter 16- Sociology
the way people come to learn the values, beliefs, and social norms of their culture
cultural transmission
Which theory of education focuses on the labels acquired through the educational process?
symbolic interactionism
What term describes the assignment of students to specific education programs and classes on the basis of test scores, previous grades, or perceived ability?
tracking
the learning of academic facts and concepts
formal education
the use of education to improve one's social standing
social placement
classifying students based on academic merit or potential
sorting
the equal ability of all people to participate in an education system
universal access
Conflict theorists see IQ tests as being biased. Why?
they reward affluent students with questions that assume knowledge associated with upper-class culture
the idea that the achievement level associated with an A today is notably lower than the achievement level associated with A-level work a few decades ago
grade inflation
an act that requires states to test students in prescribed grades, with the results of those tests determining eligibility to receive federal funding
No Child Left Behind Act
The 1972 caseMills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia set a precedent for __________.
access to education
Which theory of education focuses on the ways in which education maintains the status quo?
conflict theory
Which of the following is nota manifest function of education?
courtship
the emphasis on certificates or degrees to show that a person has a certain skill, has attained a certain level of education, or has met certain job qualifications
credentialism
cultural knowledge that serves (metaphorically) as currency to help one navigate a culture
cultural capital
Learning from classmates that most students buy lunch on Fridays is an example of ________.
cultural transmission
a social institution through which a society's children are taught basic academic knowledge, learning skills, and cultural norms
education
Functionalist theory sees education as serving the needs of _________.
families, society, the individual
a federal program that provides academically focused preschool to students of low socioeconomic status
head start program
the type of nonacademic knowledge that people learn through informal learning and cultural transmission
hidden curriculum
Conflict theorists see sorting as a way to ________.
perpetuate divisions of socioeconomic status
Informal education _________________.
refers to the learning of cultural norms
What are the major factors that affect education systems throughout the world?
resources and money
Because she plans on achieving success in marketing, Tammie is taking courses on managing social media. This is an example of ________.
social placement
Allowing a student to move to the next grade regardless of whether or not they have met the requirements for that grade is called ____________.
social promotion
Key predictors for student success include ____________.
socioeconomic status and family background
What term describes the separation of students based on merit?
sorting
. What do nations that are top-ranked in science and math have in common?
they recruit top teachers
a formalized sorting system that places students on "tracks" (advanced, low achievers) that perpetuate inequalities
tracking
Rewarding students for meeting deadlines and respecting authority figures is an example of ________.
transmission of moral education
Plessy v. Fergusonset the precedent that _____________.
racial segregation in schools was allowed
education that involves learning about cultural values, norms, and expected behaviors through participation in a society
informal education
Public schools must guarantee that ___________.
per-student spending is equitable