Chapter 16 Speech 100H.23
Persuasive Speech
"Intend to influence the beliefs, attitudes, values, and acts of others" Speeches which aim to convince an audience to think or behave in a particular way
Monroe's Motivated Sequence
1. Attention 2. Need 3. Satisfaction 4. Visualization 5. Action
Types of Persuasive Speeches
1. Propositions of facts 2. Propositions of value 3. Proposition of policy
Functions of Persuasive Speeches
1. To convince 2. To actuate
Identification
A connection that is fostered between the speaker and their audience by highlighting shared attributes or attitudes
Coercion
A process whereby thoughts or behaviors are altered through deceptive or harmful methods
Argument
A proposition supported by one or more reasons or pieces of evidence
Evaluation Criteria
A set of standards for judging the merit of a proposition
Refutation Pattern
A speech designed to anticipate the negative response of an audience, to bring attention to the tensions between the two sides of the argument, and to explain why the audience should change their views
Causal Pattern
A speech designed to explain a cause-effect relationship between two phenomena
Direct Method
A speech designed to present a claim with a list of several supporting pieces of data
Proposition of Policy
An argument that seeks to establish an appropriate course of action
Proposition of Value
An argument that seeks to establish the relative worth of something
Proposition of Fact
An argument that seeks to establish whether something is true or false
Hostile Audience
An audience is opposed to the speaker or to the persuasive proposition
Receptive Audience
An audience that is generally supportive of, or open to, the persuasive proposition
Neutral Audience
An audience that is neither open nor opposed to the persuasive proposition
Monroe's Motivated Sequence
An organizational pattern that attempts to convince the audience to respond to a need that is delineated in the speech through five sequential steps
Fallacies
Errors in reasoning that occur when a speaker fails to use appropriate or applicable evidence for their argument
Backing
Foundational evidence which supports a claim, such as examples, statistics, or testimony
Speeches to Actuate
Persuasive speeches which seek to change or motivate particular behaviors
Speeches to Convince
Persuasive speeches which seek to establish an agreement about a particular topic
Data
Preliminary evidence on which a claim is based
Syllogisms
Reasoning beginning with a major premise, then moving to a minor premise, before establishing a specific claim
Demographics
Statistical information that reflects the make-up of a group, often including sex, age, ethnic or cultural background, socioeconomic status, religion, and political affiliation
Warrant
The (often unstated) connection between data and claim
Persuasion
The art of influencing or reinforcing people's beliefs, attitudes, values, or actions. "The art of convincing others to give favorable attention to our point of view"
Ethos
The audience's perception of a speaker's credibility and moral character
Logos
The logical means of proving an argument
Causal Reasoning
The process of formulating an argument by examining related events to determine which one caused the other
Deductive Reasoning
The process of formulating an argument by moving from a general premise to a specific conclusion
Inductive Reasoning
The process of formulating an argument by moving from specific instances to a generalization
Claim
The proposition you want the audience to accept
Pathos
The use of emotional appeals to persuade an audience
Persuasive Speaking
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