Chapter 16 Speech 100H.23

Persuasive Speech

"Intend to influence the beliefs, attitudes, values, and acts of others" Speeches which aim to convince an audience to think or behave in a particular way

Monroe's Motivated Sequence

1. Attention 2. Need 3. Satisfaction 4. Visualization 5. Action

Types of Persuasive Speeches

1. Propositions of facts 2. Propositions of value 3. Proposition of policy

Functions of Persuasive Speeches

1. To convince 2. To actuate

Identification

A connection that is fostered between the speaker and their audience by highlighting shared attributes or attitudes

Coercion

A process whereby thoughts or behaviors are altered through deceptive or harmful methods

Argument

A proposition supported by one or more reasons or pieces of evidence

Evaluation Criteria

A set of standards for judging the merit of a proposition

Refutation Pattern

A speech designed to anticipate the negative response of an audience, to bring attention to the tensions between the two sides of the argument, and to explain why the audience should change their views

Causal Pattern

A speech designed to explain a cause-effect relationship between two phenomena

Direct Method

A speech designed to present a claim with a list of several supporting pieces of data

Proposition of Policy

An argument that seeks to establish an appropriate course of action

Proposition of Value

An argument that seeks to establish the relative worth of something

Proposition of Fact

An argument that seeks to establish whether something is true or false

Hostile Audience

An audience is opposed to the speaker or to the persuasive proposition

Receptive Audience

An audience that is generally supportive of, or open to, the persuasive proposition

Neutral Audience

An audience that is neither open nor opposed to the persuasive proposition

Monroe's Motivated Sequence

An organizational pattern that attempts to convince the audience to respond to a need that is delineated in the speech through five sequential steps

Fallacies

Errors in reasoning that occur when a speaker fails to use appropriate or applicable evidence for their argument

Backing

Foundational evidence which supports a claim, such as examples, statistics, or testimony

Speeches to Actuate

Persuasive speeches which seek to change or motivate particular behaviors

Speeches to Convince

Persuasive speeches which seek to establish an agreement about a particular topic

Data

Preliminary evidence on which a claim is based

Syllogisms

Reasoning beginning with a major premise, then moving to a minor premise, before establishing a specific claim

Demographics

Statistical information that reflects the make-up of a group, often including sex, age, ethnic or cultural background, socioeconomic status, religion, and political affiliation

Warrant

The (often unstated) connection between data and claim

Persuasion

The art of influencing or reinforcing people's beliefs, attitudes, values, or actions. "The art of convincing others to give favorable attention to our point of view"

Ethos

The audience's perception of a speaker's credibility and moral character

Logos

The logical means of proving an argument

Causal Reasoning

The process of formulating an argument by examining related events to determine which one caused the other

Deductive Reasoning

The process of formulating an argument by moving from a general premise to a specific conclusion

Inductive Reasoning

The process of formulating an argument by moving from specific instances to a generalization

Claim

The proposition you want the audience to accept

Pathos

The use of emotional appeals to persuade an audience

Persuasive Speaking

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