Chapter 16: The Endocrine System

Osteitis fibrosa cystica is caused by ______. a. an increase in parathyroid hormone. b. an increase of growth hormone in an adult c. an increase in ADH d. an increase in calcitonin

a. an increase in parathyroid hormone.

A congenital condition that includes mental retardation; short, disproportional body size; and a thick tongue and neck is caused by ______. a. deficiency of thyroxin b. deficiency of thymosin c. excess of synthetic growth hormone d. insulin deficiency

a. deficiency of thyroxin

The chemical classification of hormones does NOT include ______. a. glucose-containing hormones b. protein-based hormones c. steroid hormones d. cholesterol-containing hormones e. amino acid-based hormones

a. glucose-containing hormones

The transcription of new messenger RNA is a function of _______. a. steroid hormones b. pancreatic hormones c. posterior pituitary hormones d. catecholamines

a. steroid hormones

Excess growth hormone would cause all of the following EXCEPT ______. a. suppression of cancer b. acromegaly in adults c. diabetes d. gigantism in children

a. suppression of cancer

Which hormone is NOT being synthesized if a goiter forms? a. insulin b. TH c. renin d. FSH

b. TH (a goiter may form in the absence of iodine as colloid continues to be produced but cannot be iodinated to synthesize thyroid hormone)

Resistin, an insulin antagonist, is a hormone produced by the _____. a. liver b. adipose tissue c. heart d. hypothalamus

b. adipose tissue

Steroid hormones influence cellular activities by ______. a. activating cyclic AMP located inside the cell b. binding to DNA and forming a gene-hormone complex c. activating G proteins d. using calcium ions as a second messenger e. activating cyclic AMP located outside the cell

b. binding to DNA and forming a gene-hormone complex

Hypersecretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) can occur in all of the following situations EXCEPT _____. a. ectopic ADH secretion by pulmonary cancer b. damage to the pineal gland c. after general anesthesia d. after neurosurgery

b. damage to the pineal gland

Which of the following is NOT a major endocrine organ but produces hormones in addition to its major excretory function? a. thymus b. kidneys c. pancreas d. pituitary

b. kidneys

The normal endocrine controls can be directly overridden by the ______ system. a. digestive b. nervous c. reproductive d. circulatory

b. nervous

Which of the following signals would affect local cells by releasing chemicals into the extracellular fluid? a. neural b. paracrine c. autocrine d. endocrine

b. paracrine (paracrine signals that affect adjacent cells)

Iodination of thyroid hormones is mediated by _______. a. the Golgi apparatus b. peroxidase enzymes c. colloid endocytosis d. lysosomes in the cell

b. peroxidase enzymes

Insulin enhances the membrane transport of glucose in all of the following tissues EXCEPT ______. a. skeletal muscle b. the brain c. the myocardium d. adipose tissue

b. the brain

Polydipsia is excessive _____ associated with diabetes mellitus. a. urine output b. thirst c. blood glucose levels d. hunger

b. thirst

Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) is a prohormone for _________. a. insulin b. GH c. ACTH d. thyroxin

c. ACTH

The hypophyseal portal system transports releasing and inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus to the ______. a. parathyroid glands b. ovaries c. anterior pituitary gland (adenohypophysis) d. thyroid gland e. adrenal glands

c. anterior pituitary gland (adenohypophysis)

Which of the following hormones does the skin produce? a. melatonin b. renin c. cholecalciferol d. erythropoietin

c. cholecalciferol

Sympathetic nerve stimuli are responsible for the release of ______. a. aldosterone b. estrogen c. epinephrine d. insulin e. thyroid hormone

c. epinephrine

Atrial natriuertic peptide is a hormone that is secreted by the ____ and targets the kidneys and adrenal cortex. a. stomach b. thymus c. heart d. lungs

c. heart

The stimulus for producing insulin is _______. a. low glycogen concentration b. high blood nucleic acid concentration c. high blood glucose concentration d. low blood amino acid concentration d. low blood fatty acid concentration

c. high blood glucose concentration

The stimulus for secreting a parathyroid hormone is a good example of a _______. a. pituitary gland stimulus b. hormonal stimulus c. humoral stimulus d. neural stimulus e. hypothalamic stimulus

c. humoral stimulus

Which of the following describes a hormone that CANNOT exhibit its full effect without the presence of another hormone? a. antagonism b. synergism c. permissiveness d. assertiveness

c. permissiveness

How do protein kinases affect enzymes? a. they increase the secretion of an enzyme b. they increase the release of an enzyme c. they phosphorylate an enzyme d. they break down an enzyme

c. they phosphorylate an enzyme

Which of the following is NOT synthesized in the pituitary gland? a. PRL b. TSH c. LH d. ADH e. FSH

d. ADH (Oxytocin and ADH are synthesized in the hypothalamus)

The metabolic rate of most body tissue is controlled directly by ______. a. TSH b. ADH c. FSH d. TH e. ACTH

d. TH (Thyroid hormones control the consumption of oxygen by all body tissue by way of an increase in glucose metabolism).

Eicosanoids are NOT true hormones because they _______. a. mediate inflammatory reactions b. affect blood pressure c. are lipids d. act locally

d. act locally

Which of the following organs is considered a neuroendocrine organ? a. pancreas b. pituitary c. pineal d. hypothalamus

d. hypothalamus

Which of the following elements is required for the synthesis of thyroid hormone? a. sulfur b. copper c. iron d. iodine e. zinc

d. iodine

Which of the following is true about water-soluble hormones? a. they cannot be stored in secretory vesicles b. they are bound to a transport protein while circulating in the blood c. they are composed of lipids d. they have a short half-life

d. they have a short half-life